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s 1st S Paek mex ts rreaistible 19859 °50 5p. w bring the ECX : wo application yhx:r:uhi..!u.: e." a XE 'ulm there a © inciple be a Btinsiple oi‘ te ga the .unw upon 18 **" Cgs , that even bad this , it woold still hare a in favor of the foreign & brds gecount of the of trw « with the e this. whichâ€" is} 2# the Briush seale #f ractiee, and bJ hard {avorable to the foreign rish ;* and *Pit empbasis to “';:nu- -“,-‘ out : wrrect, wihout m wroog. But what it he Londor Groege with sby intersting poick apecide suger dating, bfi‘ the respective of tas ad valorem the advocates of 96â€" *1‘9‘"."“- public reason & ipleâ€" :s recogning y ruie of justise, . °.. two diferent ways is aloinu&ltqu-‘ ot ir prineiple, # it from the ridieals Fed by a sabAMAELE 73# ul“"‘ h“"‘-h__’ s Thilies teel com â€" something of the mmid to pay to virtue. duries on sptrits, distinctior 4 :!.‘:.. @ver proof," "u.-“ the gaoger‘s art, ad colwen priuciglet ECEE CCP C canad s6h nother to the loog *4# . nave beem #18009% 2 "ive ealle 1 . and ‘!"fl:l: :'u;o:dd whether in a conditg the YHY Aazer, wm:'.'. ‘* hold to to the the fasoi of them ad systom of mus icipe} it the point hore sog. «it and acknowtedged with the impled ## Pridenc they isâ€"ig iprne . aer proainent empted practinal y #ame remark ut classiled 5 wedly f-»cod._g on of the British redbet e presnt .‘;:.."-'-T-'-i-‘ as al% se ts reloaiagns as and advecead asing!* of sugar T ibe. rake Lonaus Groverâ€" because the result <ule ary of yeurs pastâ€"thst tish sugerâ€"reduing in wail, that it must sueâ€" as % consequence of nvemtion artuogement s tstof May last, which of the foreign against arrangement aforosald h refuers bave thefas? NWWP":' ros 5> ~MO rorkint of the meeBâ€" smugg 199 ¢ C the i m porter and Râ€" \ .’ vBt CCC ‘- the yess . s us hat 1P 5ie pt io imitate the latter, e Roroveay atemat ed in viog © salers Â¥abue o Â¥_Apoip mg o ties 18 Aanteiictk -..nz’ is has of n'“.‘u us the British a anfinece as it 14 AQllh is, show the isteal ad vatorgm o place the an equality of «inss hed, 045 PM 95088 reguies7 §08 P Soms «o. â€"then their intoad â€" t principle cannot be jast, . cqual, pratizat heir snccess to , while it was , they worukd still red ts per Sushel be th, ature of a -d: bushe!s PJOwce woulg morky evory yeut log 4; that tie vairersat this principle is o these 148 aiteuint to follow thet llsch-:a] be found of «i~, ie an afticle +0 1~g#) gives ite readers by th* makes @, that We uie 2oo voa 1 > ~ . * hn been no dutics atall. #heg Hor y1008440009® 5o " ug in restraist â€" " " 14e Implied ver igable, :-ms.xs.; “M\ ‘.‘.“Q uued, aband*t uzes The WB tish and Cont e yost $ Te in se A258d in ooh. o m ln.n-f-‘ P bbles aqg notaing to de 1%D Iâ€"(!."‘ m"'hq_ To moris & 1s TAgre of |~)‘- """b ‘.' which pro. taxed tem ho tm duug.. o al* ,'“’ h\h "<"e or NHveq. Tug Al A N 1Cl lack of caurrying it out in practice. If not, then | to‘refain some advantages not easily explained, alâ€" why is it graduategd at all* As for the American | thougÂ¥ the terms of the convention were intended to zv,ufll. it is sudicient to say thatâ€"suil it spe. | place wil on on equati‘y. Hua this been realized, , ad saiocem; or. what you willâ€"as a matter of | it cortainly havs led to an incregso instead fast it accomplahes very eficier tly the intention of | of a i:zn exports, which amounted last lu ftamers, "hh. was ::rly to exoinde all foreign | year gnly to $,62. tons, while those from the conâ€" realed sugar, whoily totally, Leing deterâ€" | tinent were about 200,000 tons. There is evidently wiued to doal! their own sugar _rouning, the Ameâ€" | sometMing wrong ihich requirce investigation." Seeney Mone not only pat a high duy on fureign | "It is conceded that,Confederation inakes the Lurvign reflrer i ’muin o to sikn of | 4 Cankda " of the present time immensely more of 1« ¢n rvodh Rp "“m. _ ‘ze w 1 5 | » maxitime natienality than the " Canadas " of the ol.lh.nlmh hl::mthu -. f' A46, old eystem eould ever have become by themselvos. ',“h" -"‘b nported mto the U :‘ ‘::'.'l' We have a large shipping interest, which demands s ..*”. !"t T m‘““. ‘M t'h and ig ontitled to consideration. Now surely it is Wu:“ o adopt, entid "u“" * I nct necessary bere to pile up quotations from‘the cind ue ngret MMd ;’nn:e: 0 nc._u-r::z . :?«4 of our statesimen, and from the writings who advvcate this h ;’. r“'.!-":':&-m““. edifors and torrespondents in the papers, to prove ar ons cont and a m.,‘ ific d I.J der th hm I the magp or gros 'm,mi" e 9f ihe sheltering cloak :. "a“" > ""'“"‘I‘“M',‘;m: tions the place of growth or production of the wlong with it, will not I-h:d': in Bpin Dib Falsice | «rticl@ imported, do thereby benefit shipping. As seals: and they dare not purely Y s | ao is likely to contradiot this, it may be taken somle. . Having a clear .m&’l“" z"“"‘r" for . The conclasion follows that the Parâ€" mm:fin such a ition at ‘ld l'“t C | lim of the Dominion !s bound, in framing its by reason of its too 'Wmlnjum:w; ho“:o ':. rm 1 m-crmnq, to give even greater to paim off their unfart specisc duty of one cent, or | en en thy paritom te of the shipping interest. wae cent and a quarter, io. ow alk nrades, than the Parliament ofthe two Cauadas of former somjoining adra m "n‘s:“;' T fnje S oo 3y | time Ia\t. have been expected to give. And ut 13 per cent ad satorem, This is an obtaining of t , that the prosperity of the shipping interest credit for their system on false pret ‘“ | dene the extension of the ad rolorem principle womerbat resewbles the trick of those Lor in the farif. Business men see this, and admit it, * uperators" who make & loan of ”“.Wh °D | in ail but the single casein which they happen to timgent upon the purchase, st x'.:““ " p m""’"fl look gh the coloured glass of !-.finary selfâ€" pistures by the " old masters," madeto order in the Intoregt. One of ourleading importers in the West, ; Surrets and back slums the year before ; or the | while gdvocating an ad valorem duty on teas, fruits, | more familin: trick of puesipg of & bad ) {qji2@ | &o., aftbe wholesale trade moeting at Toronto not | between tno good ones. shilling | lg“‘ & nevertholess uuuo:: :.noolnuon in | | favour of one per cent specific cent ad m :.’.\;'L u:.u\lo .Iu’:‘b::. to ”d.l‘nnln ‘:r:- i on sugar. He would apply onro"ptinoiplo s of the ad conviction A j:n to | to ou: with the Mediterramean, Asia, and the . If it ""'“"‘m"‘“‘. ple, woold have us | Kast .fll‘,‘:ld another to our trade with the Tocln s at practicable, the British | West lndies. Bat there is reason to believe that not mm ‘m graduated according to | only , but nearly all urludhg.ln rters, while w They F"‘“ m‘" sugar in each | admit wfiho importance and the x:lu‘ of the "'-::‘flh seem Nomh ever, that this | shipping interest â€"of the Dominion, would also feel Nhhm.’.“:. Canads, and so tlcz «compelled to admit that, h&lvo this important inâ€" ""mmnw«.z:r" ‘:1- terestfair play, a system of ad valorem duties is *Onmercia} 1p .‘"":.-_ h"lh_ Cl b necessary. Itis piain that the specific «req mkhi. ::'»;"3:-&" 0, | duty pystem, which some of thers profess so that :""" C , and | much th aedmire, wou‘d not work well for the interests “wmlo “’M lwddm ofthe mlo..orluhoeuodtho-uuwu- wopy 5 3 0. "oaoe , b+7 that pare whire sugar is | tant articles, other than sugar, in their trade. Why, meantime, that somebody woald immortalize himâ€" w to the public the justice iand the oo of a n-r l::lah exacts ‘;:‘l{hor d from man rom m.’-u. u‘:{t article of f::' also, why it is thatsome peopl«: in the Deminion m y only 34 cents ”.Mblutlu.-w. have to pay «ents on hoth biack and green alike. Or. to put the case in agecher way : suppose that lh.-; was made wholly ad valorem, all quaâ€" h“wucflptm. as might be -flb:‘ ir . valus, wao would, be agzâ€" qgrieved? injustice would be done to any m- what lajary to the State? The toa duty & crucial in:tanse of the oou:-ruivo morlts of the two . To a wholly ad valorem z~fim the shadows and preâ€" of objections, may perhaps be made. But what is the objection to & specific system pure asd simpleâ€"in this case to a duty of so many eents per pound on all kinds and qualities of tea shatever 7 'l!.ltu.hpty.thu?m :r.?ooiuo- 1# so wm, unreasonable unjast th at it ous not hnu‘n:to £. r‘: d-'mcnt.» And sherefore the injustice speci uy‘{:fluiplo "l?bbo ised by tacking on 15 per «=ant -u....‘“fic lh{mn'n no more than & aad & thin one, after all ; for the who‘e ty is more specific than ad zalorem." The 7 cents per --lrfi:‘dr:un B"rr cent of the whole daty realized from tea; while the 15 per cent ad salsem draws only 38 per cent of the whole amoun‘. Why not be consistent at once, nd.rtl simple speciic rate of 11j conts per . on all teas alike, waich would produce just about the prosent reâ€" venge? If it be right to raise 62 per cont of the total revenue from tew, by a specific duaty, alike on ::tqud:ut. why Mlh.;.' {nr confidence in the i1co ot your 1 y lerying the remainin; ‘)-nuhmfl:-.y? * The asseriion that the ad calorem principle has been abandoned is Eagland, on the Continent, aad in the United State;, with reforence to the hi. The Regish gridunted spectinneate plainty a isn ated specific # y cumcedes the ad salorem gri-ev)z.‘whmm it may lack of carrying it out in practice. If not, then why is it graduategd at all* As for the Awsrican :Lu_uril. it is suficient to say thatâ€"sail it speâ€" , ad saiorem; or.what you willâ€"as a matter of fast it accomplahes very eficier tly the intention of lu framers, xul was ::;Iy to exole de all foreign realed sugar, whoily totally, Zemg deterâ€" wiuod I:.donn their own â€"gn; :’i‘m‘flw- “.t Ameâ€" rurims have not onl t a hi on foreign ""-". bu.'c they h’u':u further fenced u: th:‘ weign refirer by cercain regulations as to size pack up a, n-nl’. in which imported, &c , .the, practicai effect of thowhole being that no foreign redned sugat is imported into the United States. \arien) apeiher ut oner aiudal cafid i2 unrdh. ‘hoymum“o.hwon'r.mumh wonld not be practicable in Canads, and so they pat it forward uh.muoh:z:t-oniy. It is *B lasportant poin‘, bowever, to show the incvitable **=mercial i»justice of lto"::o sugar t soale, ::m it to be sstenti l'ym;‘nd L227 OM tlroumstasces, besides, admitied of its We are now asked to adopt, in the matter of the m?.' a batbarous, nv'eivnfiflc, uncommerâ€" whes m::.*!d the two systems. ‘ Those S ont conk -z"”h. in of the ujuuo:unu, sheltori acter, ific duty, under the snue e f.".‘_....: ‘_ "r”f “nl’v 1 calorem It may well astonish us, indeed, that the British «sonomusts of the dominant school should ylainly hefore our eyes be iaboring with ons hand t> des. troy what mwt as $o building up with the <ther. They to make the ressiving #s10p for the raw material of the wor!d, and at the same time the emporiam where all the world is to supply keelf w.th manafactured goods.. In the matter of the sug ar dutie«, however, they are wokâ€" in a ‘maâ€"nper directly to tte spirit of :fl poliey, aad are providieg dure‘y for the travsâ€" oi ame that T uy ooo distant d'io"{n.:d eatirelyâ€"and at no n -&â€" the sugarâ€"producing mio?':‘r::y might re€ect thaâ€"through the ion of t T’on universal law of :m' obtains in industpial and Annn-‘?"m as in other afair:â€"the dirorâ€" siduation of employment and division of labor will proseed rapidly enough /o them, in the sugarâ€" producing countries, without artiiicial stimutâ€"tion , and of the process, by a roale of dutics 'M.m’ crushing out the British refining futerest. It is marvellous how, in these days of improved communication and oum-ufu. the latest discoveries.in London and is find their vx’u remote &Ill‘.fl of the globe. How esay it is for the man of both eapital and ability to transâ€" fer himself, his workmen, his machinery, and his eapita‘, to Caba, Domarara, the Mauritins, or M «dâ€" ras. Nay, is it not a fact that such a procbss of tramsfer is â€"now mn:l.y g:a‘ on, and at a rate that bids fair to open John Ball‘s eyes shortly, and with uo very geatle touch, to the folly of which he has been gullty. _ _ â€" L C Ancther way in which the advocates of spegific duties seek to disguise the unreasonableness and injustice of this system is by --hh'.dllln partly «pecific and partly ad ralorem, ‘This combination o the two systems bas, unfortunately, provailed in Csnads, to & ond::;-bh dox::ln"; Tea and sagarâ€"two important uctive sources of revenueâ€"have, in pudnhr'.“ been subjected to wiis barbarous, snomalous, and most indefensible of systems. If speciGc dutiesare right, let us havo thars pure sad simple, because then ad ralorem tries: but the fact is to be borne in mind that Â¥ »ance, Holland, Belgium, Gor-‘uy ;‘n‘t Russia, are all sugarâ€"producing countrics. Fify years a;» the making of sugar from the bo-.td,rm{ was worely an interesting experime@®, carried on in the iaboratories of scientific men." Now, we are inâ€" tormed, on good authority, that fully oreâ€"third of the sugar mfi: ot the elvilized worllâ€" largely as that has increasing duriag the last ruiu‘ntnâ€"-hho- this source; and. that ”‘p::'-do.‘d half must be reached and exâ€" r ere long. So abundantis the sugat proâ€" duetion of Holiaad that the raw article, as cheap as Cubs sugar, is ofered to refiners abroad.| _ ° Roriy®tp.â€"*The market for English manufacâ€" tured goods has in oaly a slight degreo responded to the improved (all: existing for raw descripâ€" wons, ‘as, notwithstanding that somewhat larger quentities have been disposed of, prices havs scareely mosed in an upward direction, the full foree Jmm being blunted, as it were, by the aitention that continues to be given ty foreignâ€" made goods, and our refiners have still grounds for asserting that their prouliar branch d trade is /ar ux Neutn Andhyâ€" se ues w P 1 1..:":““. Holiand wad l!o:glumml which wok effect on May 1st, bas, on the ary, opeâ€" ated still more injuriously : and, as, the act is to semain in force fi: a period â€"of ten yurfi,il is lumâ€" possible: tu?y what the ultimate edectiwill be on & branck of lndustry that owes its bitth to this Jpantry. Tha decadenes of the ret trade at this port, which we have thus dwelt u has been the « lxnli-‘ubjoet of the year in connexion with the courseof the article, it having outweighed and asatralized ail other considerations and ovents, and jmwves nothing further to be recorded among the va. i «d we :ide.ts, Cavorable or dhonlng lhazflnvo wrought amy change in the complexion of the market," from cccupying a flourishing position among the \éading departments of British indust ry”rnd akill, As emgenoimg the extent to which business has been done in descriptions other than thoge of Aome preduce. it may be added that fully 700 tons Saye‘s (Rreach,) loaves, Bave been placed this week at 3is to 31s. 34. free on board, besides about 500 ton« Dutch erushed of the best qualiâ€"y, in barrels, at 280. 94. to 208. 34.,. same terthe." This :astimony, from a thorough‘y ¢ompetent yet most unwilling witae«s, demolishes at once the wiry faerieef the supporsed prosperity of the British sagar refningisterest, under the existing seale of daties. | It has beow intimated that the unfeir comâ€" petition grom which British refiners have to #aMer, somes especially from the sugarâ€"producing ceunâ€" ~â€" Tae following, again, is from the Fagto the sugar trade, in the m plotely, n«urped the demand that previdusly exist« id there for home made roda Cirgumstances bding thus against the Bricish refiner, it would apâ€" ypoar that, insfead of redre«=ng his grievances, the modifoations of duties and d awbacks ar speciably »rvanged by a courention of the four powors, Engâ€" ladd, France, Holiand aid ”“:{"""' nd which wok effect on May 1st, bas, on the ...05‘ ary, opeâ€" itwn‘ referâ€" (.February ru.n 1t may be added that specifio duties, y .“h. importations srom the far distant production, tead to keep ouzr whole bedy in the position of purehasers at tant les, other than sugar, in their trade. W hy, then, llqnoifonpufiuhflqouusu? It is simply impossible to reconcile the deman lom eific daties on sugar with the largest interosts Dominion, and the prosperity of its shipping trade. KFory if spscifc daties on sugar, why mt on toa, coffee, spices, fruits, ‘J all other grosery # * # ~«The refining trade is still suferâ€" ing: over production, and also from insbility of the) refiners of this country to compete as exâ€" P igge n h jnofé sarthe somtinent nid aweer malr nru:‘r& the freight and charges paid on the whste matter, which, as already .;...5, is no nsiderable item. ly : For the greater u}nnn, labour .n‘ loas, ing the extraction of the larger quanâ€" tity of unorystallizaole syrup aod refuse mutter out of thelower grades of sugur, as oon‘pund with the T up‘u. labour and loss, in refining trom higher grades. s & Fot a proof of the real impertance of the disâ€" turbifg elements above mentioned, and which do not sdem to have been taken into mecount by the re atives of.British interests in the framing of the» pure sugar‘ scale, we take the following highly ‘suggestive quotation from the cireu> * turther: The prices of sugar above given are the quotations duty paid. To make the compari strietly accurate, we should deduct 122 from the 43s and 88 from the 24s, which would ive the Custoin House value, p‘us somothing for f We should then have. to compare, not 43s with 248, but 313 with 1(#, giving the range of trom 100 down to about 52, which snows still mere remdtkably the injustice of the existing pure sugan scale. suga bighly suggestive quotation from the cireu> l-g M‘.;rmuth:i & Co., dated Liverpool, March H4th, 1863 : * Fipst, for the fact that, beginning at the top ot the gcale, say at 99 or 100 rr cont pure, and going down to grades of 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 per cent pureiorystallizable sugar, commercial value deâ€" much‘ more rapidiy,than do the figures repi ting the amount ot ,‘n sugar contained. Bat the « pure sugar " scale of duties, boh:: framâ€" od with reference to the latter solely, rapidly and morg rapidly with escha additional percentage of detstioration of quality, loses is parallolism with the mercial scale of value, and theretore does injustice to Kunhmu of lower grades, But this is all. Besides iguring dowonwards, as we may say, ko much more rapidiy than the chemical or «* sugar " scaleâ€"the scale of commercial ralue has go much wider a‘range, that the unsuitability of the former to the circuinstancesâ€"the injustice which it mast do, is rendered strikingly apparent. In FÂ¥bruary of the present year the priges of sugar in Ligerpool un‘Jhou 13s to 24s, a range in the of from 100 down to 55. But while the :lgl figure in the sceale of duties is 12s, the lowest goes down only to 3«, the twoextremes being to ea¢ch other say as 100 to 67, Starting from 104 in eagh case, we find market prices reaching down to th¢ low proportion ot 5», whils the descending scale of duties reaches only to 6%, Not only coes the «@pure sugar" come down too slowly, but it dues got come downtar enough, And therefore it canngt possibly be a just scale, (j-uieo which the British seale does to the purshasâ€" ers of low gradesâ€"for refining purposes, would nut [ lis in the d:farence between results in the in boratâ€" ; ory and the results in the refinery, popided this di/â€" Jerena¢ wore ratehly alike on all grades, It lies most ®f all. in the further fact tha: this: differeace, which is very little atthe top of the seale increases rapidly, more and more rapidly, with each additional per centage downwards through the lower grades. ‘. A T _ The very fact that the European graduated scale professes to class the different varieties of the sugar of commerce according to the percentage of " puresugar" contained in each, involves the admission that the infention is to classify and charge duty upon them according to vaiue, Wheâ€" ther commercial value, and the per centage of pure suger cottained, run parallel with each other vlh\%‘h all the grades, from the highest to the lowest, is unother question. This is, in fact, the question ; and in it liea the kernel of the whole controversy, . The European scale of duties cerâ€" tainly appéars to be founded on the assumption that the two do actually run parallel with cach other. It assumes, for instance, that if a sample of all pure sugar be worth #$10, then a sample of 90 per cent |pure sugar must be worth $9, one of ?J"entrre $8, one of 70 per cent r:n #1, so on. |But this, as is known to all in the trado, and probably also to most wellâ€"informed people not in the trade, is Â¥ery far from being the ease,. . To apply the chemical " pure sugar" soale with faim£ to the existing circumitance of the busi world, the following milowances would. bn: to be made : , \ Every pound.of dirt extracted carrtos with, it more or le:s pure sugur, which is thus lost. . And the loss in this way is cariainly much more on a low grade of raw sugar of which say 120 lbs are required to produse 100 los pure inthe refinery than it would be on a higher grade, requiring only 110 lbs to proâ€" duce 1001bs pure. This of course does not happon with the chemist in his Iaboratory, with all but the perfection of scientific appliances at command, and the cost of the experiment potat all considered, Admitting the scieutide correctness of the,European graduated scaie, and that the duty is phald according ly, it still remains true th refiner who should proâ€" dues 1000 tons refined, out of raw sugar of say only 85 per cont pére; would in the prosess have lostfar more pure sugar, besides the greater trouble and expense involved in extracting the greater quantity of syrup and refuse matter, than another who should have produced his 1000 tous refined, from raw sugar of a grade of 95 per cent pure, Now thismargin of greaterloss per 100 lbs of refined sugar proquced, and the facttnat the ifltofl.l of low refining grades of raw lllglrfil’l freight and charges on the wasté matter as well as on the pure sugar intermixed with i‘, embrase two ‘eonsiderable items, which in the sciontific soale are t .kon no note of. It is to be recollected, too, that the refiner either here or in England, who© imports crude augar, pays freight and charges not only on the pure sugar and saleabls syrap which he takes out of it, but also on al the dirt and refuse besides. And this is no trll!in1 consideration after ail, In the case of an article so gonerally ased, and the consumption of which is so rapidiy increasing amongst us this item of freight and ehl.r'm paid on waste matteris really something considerable. . A case might be imagined, in which the 109 lbs pure sugar would be combined with enough unâ€" orystailised syrup to make the mass worth more than 100 lbs. pure by itself would be. But nothing like this cccurs in practice. Fifty lbs pureâ€"sugar by itself is worth more than 100 lbs of a‘sa®ple of molassesâ€"from which 100 The fifty lbs pure sugar can be made. & wasic, and thereiore L only .charge z:l for the quantity of I-uu augar im are furnisned with. bot the dirt I charge nothing; only. give me the $10,80 for the A0 lbf pure sugar. 1 do business on swlentific principles, and the chomist mesures me that in that 100 the, bef®e.you there nre really wid truly 90. Ib«. of pare white sugur." . Now, would any wan of commucn sense accept o ridiculous a prozo-ilicn'.' For the 90â€" lb«; of pure sugar, 75us the $10 lbs. ot dirt mixed with it, who woula gveas â€"much as for 80 Ibe pure of itselt? Or, would any one give as mugh for: 100 lbe. pare mixed u‘r with 20 Ibs of dirt as ho would for anâ€" other 100 Ibs pure, which had only 10 los of Jirt enoumberin‘g it? The idea . is absurd enough truly. _ Yot on this absurd. prlnel‘rlo the European soale of dutios, is tructed, and what its results are let the pnnnfifislly ruined condition of the British m‘nt-nflmni interest show, And a jourhal published in the metropolis of Ontario, unâ€" mindful of the importent fact that the chemical seale does not run parallel with the scale of real eommercial value which i=the veryessence of the inâ€" Justice perpetrated, says in the course of an claboâ€" rate review of the question, that © the true rfiuiph and that which should always be at at is to levy the dnty un the actual ameuat of o?dolli:ab(- saccharine mar«r the sugar contains,.". The imporâ€" tant margin!ying between the results of scientilie analysis by the grain and sugarâ€"refining by the ton is hore lost sight of 7 us is aleo the tact that there must be greatly more trouble and expense in exâ€" traqting 100 lbs pure sugar from a mass of say 120 lbe«.â€"waste and unerystallisable #yrup, amâ€" ounting together to 20 lbs â€"than in extracting the same quantity of pure from another mass of «ay 110 lbs. having in it only 10; Ibe ot unerystalâ€" isable syrup and waste tobe extracted. The inâ€" Yorxs & Raprosn, both being practical work men, and having devoted their attention particularly to the working business, will guarantod all watches and clocks repaired by them. Wa*thes, clocks,jewellery, and meer. schaym pipes repaired, and eatisfaction given or no charge. Carrets aso House F caxmmurses.â€"Garland Mutchmor & ©o. make this departntent a speciality. ‘They have just received a large stock and invite the attention ot parties furâ€" nishing to it. Purchasers will find their stock. in this department second to none in Ottawa. 882â€"7 Youxs & Rapromo, ot 30, Sparksâ€"st., always employ the best workmen, and are therefore able to make all kinds of. jewellery, Masonic Jowels, medale, &o. valorem duties must on the oootru;y tend to the inâ€" creafed employment of the Dominion lhi:r:u“ and Dominion of travel and traffic, oug iteolf t-’: d?eu:#m against the former and in fo“nr of the lattef. * A val to New York. The exrefioneo of atime lot&ot many years gone by, should be conclusive on this point. And if the sugar trade of the Provinces ru to New York or other American ports, why not the tea trade, and more of the grocery trade generally? The single consideration that. the operation ot specific dutics must be to defeat or hinder the formation of that commercial union of the Provinces which is the surest guarantes of the political union, while ad Naw York, March 31.â€"Stocks active and improving. s % Sterling Exchange 1094 (Gold 138. tendency of specific duties here to cause purchases of the products of distant countries to be made in Now #Ol‘k and Boston, instead of our l-rmlng direct from such countries, is almost as ce in its operation as the law of gravitatin. Make the sugar duties specific, or nearly alike on all grados, «nd the inevitable consequence will be to send the buik of the trade of the Province of Ontario in sugar, The consolidation of the Dominion as a new naâ€" tionality, with a national life and existence of its ewn, independent of the (Great Republic on cur borders, is the avowed object which our stateswen, using Confederation as the principal means to this end, are seeking to accomplish, To say that the Intercoiomal Railway, the development of our Maâ€" ritime resources, both in the home and foreign trads, and the enceuragoment of commerce and traffic both on cur own railway s lndqdn.s.ut natural highâ€" way of the St. Lawrenceâ€"are important means, nay indispensable, I‘ the muhhzm of the same end, is but to affirm what y donies. The k ven could we put the scientific scale i'norndol hor-.ft would still have to be correéted for comâ€" mereial values, to avoid that injuastice of operation which bas brought about the ruin ofâ€"the British sugar rolnin‘l interest. â€" But as the scientific scale, with chemical analysis of nnrlu of evory lot entered, is out of the question for us, that point would not have had to %. touched upon, but tor the necessity of correcting the grees misapprehensiona which seom ‘t:;null here, as tothe working of the British and Continental system. It may be added that the general tendency in sugarproducing éountries, is to separate more and more the business of &mdnaing from that of refining. ‘Concerning Brazil, Mr. Morgan, the British Conâ€" sul, in his report for 1866, writes to the effect that « planters find it not worth their while to make the better qualities, the difference in price not yclyin‘ for the trouble and delsy, and now but seildom take thoc}osinn ofâ€" ela{in‘ their sugar. In conse~ quence of this, less thamwoneâ€"feurth of the crop at prosent (time of writing the ropo:? consists of whites, and about one fonrg'of clayed browns, and above one halfis raw sugar®" ‘The same process of separation of the producing interest from the reâ€" fining interast is going on in all the West India islands, and oluwh{:o in the southern countries. This fact farnishes t oxglluflon of the important pieco of information quie:ly conveyed in the wholeâ€" sale grocery trade report of a Montreal journal the other day, that " the manufacture of sugars more or less refined, and of good uniform }hulity, apâ€" rnn to be making progross in some of the islands." V bat is uow going on there is dovolog:lomr-ms- ration of function and division of laborâ€"in other words, progress. But have we not as much right to give our own development and progress fair play, as have the p«.glo of the West Indies to do the same for themselres ? This is a groat mistake. « Broker," in the Montreal Gozctte, hitthe nail on the hoad when he sard that a certain opposition in question came, not from the \sugarâ€"grocing interest in the West Lodies, but from the sugar refining and _ sugarâ€"speculating interest . there, It is of the utmort conâ€" sequence to distinguish between the two. The planter, raising a crop which requires nine monthsâ€"of the year for its growth, bas frequently to work his hands nii‘ht and d;y during the other three months, to get the crop off to market in the cruilest condition, and be ready for next year‘s beâ€" ginping. He has neither tim‘s nor inciination, nor does it suit his interest, to carry the refining proâ€" cess very far on the plantation. It is his interost, instead, to get the sugar off to market at the earliont or lpwest stage of the m-nul‘wun‘.u which it will bear transportation. But there is a Wese India nmng interest, it seems, as well as a angarâ€"pro. ducing interest. Eo there is, indeed; and this reâ€" fining ioterestin tho sugarâ€"producing countries is spehding ard flourishing immensely, on the ruins of the British refiring interest, brought about by the insano r»licy of making an actual discriminaâ€" tionia the British market, against the British reâ€" refiner and in fnvur of the fureigner. We, however, had better not imitate this suicidal policy, which has already J)rodueod such dirastrous results in Britain, And, as atready remarked, the West Inâ€" dians have no tiore rL‘{t to grumble at us fer wanting to refine the nanr that we buy from.them and pay them for, than the Americans would have o*mmblo.suohu Ball, because the latter buys ouly raw cotton from them, and not the products of the American mills, Asa mntterof fact, the West Andians do not grumbleâ€"that is, the large produâ€" cing interest does not â€"it i8 only the refining and speculating interestth ere that will grumble at all. But if this latter interest . should grumble, what cf it ?. We shallhave on our side the go:&t body of the produâ€" cers, who know that we buy all our sugar from them, any way we may fix it, and pay them for it. other Neverthole®s, the attempt has been made to load the public mind astray on this important point. It has been pretended that the sugar plantors, the producers, are o'rpond to our purcassing crudo sugar mostly, an 1 doin‘ th: r:hi'!:; 3‘3: :a‘:-o!ves: An argument has been used which means, subâ€" stantially, that we cannot have that "trade with the trolpie- "" which some of our statesmen promised us, unless we let the West Indians do onr sugarâ€" refining for us, as well as furpishing the crude arâ€" ticle. ‘The Trade Review wont sotar as to say that it was our duty to give to them the profics of sugatâ€" refining, instead of refining for ourselves,. To which it was replied by " Panman" in the Montreal Hera!dethat if!gcn wus any profit to be made on refining the‘ sugar that we ourselves used and paid for, then certainly we, and anot the West Indians, had the best right to it. The argument of the Irade Review is utterly unsound, and opposed to all propâ€" or ideas of commercial economy. . It is just as much in place for us to buy crude sugar in the West 1.-!‘:.., and do the nfl’nln‘of it hore at home, As it is for Great Britainto buy raw cotton in the Southern States, instead of purcltgsing yarn and cloth at the mills in New Englux &‘Io Ameriâ€" cans do not complain in the one ca#e, and as little cause ‘luro the &nt Indians for complaint in the second hand, in London and New York, whereas we ought to have the more ambitious aim of doing our qwn foreign trade forourselves. For the sake of a potty up‘-oud advantage, in one article, our imrunou would opzou a just and equitable system of levying duties, the temdency and operation of which is to make themselves merchants .of the world instead. of a Province only. For a small present object, they would sacrificoâ€"the mowll- tan standing and large future prospects of their «oâ€"der," (it the expression be allowable.) Here is just where they stand in their own light ; but they surcly must and wil! see differently, if they but try to look sround, imstead of in one direction only. We harp been told of =" sugar waporters " whu-o‘ooeurn.tlon weuld be gone, unless specific duties were imposed on sugar. But who are they that infport sugar only ? ‘Fo write and talk as if they were amongstus a distinet sugar importing mercantile intereat is absurd. R New York Money Markets YHB PCO TA WYA TTMES. C XPRIL® 1: Tl-ll UNDERSIGNED, a Practical GARDENER of long experisuce, and with the :n 6( references, hobulud nu: :: Scoélnd alnd e United States, to take orders to lay %‘:&.M OP"AE‘INB. in %:o Ig‘lahl(nd neatnoss. at the minion House. co?x'{« MoL&AURIN, "mm moderate rod nm{m" ;: guarâ€" leaf from the Guperior to anything of the kind ever iniported into the country, and pledge their long established character that the article now offered is the puro James Buchanan, Tllll Company having established at Montreal their General: Agoncy for the Doâ€" minion of Canads, is now prepared to offer to ke public an article in Virgin Hill Tops of Virginia.| Tobacco Company, SMOKING TOBAcco! St. George‘s Society. Ottams, April 1. Onâ€"Tuesday evening, 7th April, Ar BIGHT O‘Ctrock,. The aitendance of all those interested in the welfare of the Society is respectfully requerted. Ior THE MEMBERS of the above Corporation for the ELECTION OF OWÂ¥Iâ€" CERS and the transaction of general business, will be held at it S ot seven rooms and kitchen, on Motcalfe square, opposite the residence of G. B. L. Fellowes, TWO COMFORTABLE DWELLINGS of seven rooms and kitchen, on Motcalfe Ottawa, April 1. $B" Powsession on 1st May Ottawa, April1. . BIRTH. At Balyâ€"st., Oitewa, on the 318t March, the wife of Fennings Taylor, Esq., Deputy Clerk and Clerk Assistant of the Senate, of a son. Tul HOVSE AT PRESENT Occt»â€" pied by Jauzs Barse, Esq., Upper Tows. Apply to NEW ADVERTISEMEAN TS Pirresvre, March 30.â€"Intelligenee reacked here that a bloody riot had occurred at O‘Nerl‘s coal‘mine, near McKusport. Some of O‘Neil‘s men who had been out someâ€"time wout to work when 200 men arrived from a ncighborâ€" ing work and called upon them to come out. They were armed with clubs and other weapons, _ O‘Neil and his men repulsed them, shooting and killing one man and woundiog fivre, O‘Nefil was severely wounded by clubs. The mob have gone back and Mr. ONeil is guarded by about a hundred armed men Wasuixcros, March 31,â€"Gen. Hancock has issued an order taking command otf the now Department of tbhe Atlantic, embracing the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, lllinois, Wisconsin, the New England States, New York,New Jersey and Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware and the District of Columbia, with Washington as his headquarters. THIS MORNING‘s DESPATCHES. Maroh 31, 1868. Havyaxa, March 30.â€"The deposed bishop ot Havana departed for Cadiz toâ€"day. Fatal Shooting Affray. Tosowmia, Ata., March 30,â€"Rob«it Cunâ€" ningham, late of the‘ rebel arimmy, was shot and instantly killed by Rollings, of the Beduâ€" ral army. . . ‘ ‘Paris, March 31.â€"The Marquis of Bassano of the French Legation at Washingtou, will be succeeded by Count Turennc, AMERICAN NEWS, Mr. Cranborne, the member for Stamford moved a resoluation that the principle of dis establishing the Irish Church be settled now and: the details be left to next Parliament The debate was then adjourned. Lord Stanley replied, opposing too husty action in the inattr, saying the House should wait until the commission on the Lrish Church should make their report, and coneluded by moving his resolution, of which he gave noâ€" tice last Friday, that the subject be left over for the consideration of the next Parlia« ment, C A Bill abolishing flogging in the wriny passed the House of Commons. THIS MORNINu@‘3 DESPATCNAE® Mr. Gladstone, after calling for the reading of the Acts of Parliament in relation to the | Irish Churcb, psoved that the House proceed | to consider them. He declured the time bad | come when the Irish Church shouldâ€"cesse to. exist as @‘state establishment. lie would give | no details ot the means by which this was to | be brought about, because it was not the duty | of the Opposition toarrange them., All propric« tary rights should be respected, There should no longer be & salamed clergy. <A fund for the benefit of Ireland ghould be created from the balances of the incomes of the Chufch, | Mr. Gladstone proceeded to explaln that the | Liberal party had not dealt with the question, | because it hadâ€"never before been presonted | to them in m concise state, &# rt the preâ€"| sent time, â€" Both parties, he said, were exousâ€" | able for neglecting tho subject, because the | fllblic sense had not before been fully aroused | regard to it, le repelied the charge of | apostacy, which had been made against him, i Speaking of the measures which should be j adopted, he recommended that the churches | and parsonagés should be Jeft to the clergy. | Those who chose to. maintain them avould | iudemnify the country, After further ar;:u-' ments Mr. Gladstone closed with an appeal to | the House to take some definito action, | Loxbo#, March 31.â€"in thir House last evening Lord Malmesbury disclabwyed any t« tention on the part of the lnglish Government to intertere in the affairs of Famagnuy. * In the House of Commiouns pct favor of and against tho Irisk Clut lishment wero read. > CA BLMR NE WS. YESTERDAY‘S DEsSPATCHES ossession given let of May, Apply to ul R. BLACKBURN sALMON‘S HOTEL, YSSTERDAY‘3s DBSPAT Cb ES The Annual Meceting * DANVILLE, VIRGINIA The Riots in Pennsylvania. GARDENING. . By order, For Sale or to Let, F,. W, HENSEAW, then, Agent Dominion of Canada, 10 &t. Sacrament st., The Bishop of Havana. Agent for Ottawa. YORK â€"8STREET, , ROANOKE ‘To Let N. 8. BLASDELL, EiQ.. is Ottawa Military, THO}. PAINTER, Seerotary TO0id Montreal, 607â€"4m 708b T0b 18 23 ALL WOoOL, pU ToR Including CA R] Pa\n.\SOLS, 3 an Ottawa, March 26, 1$ TAPEETRY, t€"]1()â€"|) A Y | Sparksâ€"street. ELE & IEDHLL, MAGEFE & RUSSELL‘S BRAUSSELS, FELVETS 1U0LOURED CLACIR®, IBBON® LAOK GLACIE, OVELTIES DaAMAESRS3, & IOM PANCY PILKI, ew Spring Goods. VELYET PII (Now and Ex 10 Bales WE WILL SHOW MAGE SUPER CoOouLuUMNs. and NB amd haxgs tyn + ~ah ALSQ, MB 38, MPERIAL TARREE PLY, | > ETS ] asive Pattorns,) 001. RTH RUG3, TELVELTEAN@, ROS GnAIN SILICS, MBRELLAS, ACE GOOD®, & RUSSELL AUDEZDASHERY. ROS DE sUBZ, oKE aAXTIQUE®, [ALL COLORs,1 DoOR MAT3 T0ly â€"‘ YOUNG AND RADFORD‘$, WATCHE ANJ CLOCK RADFORD‘S Old Gold and Silver 6O1D AND SNLTE HOME MANUFACTURE! RADFORDS JEWELLERY YOUNG & RADFORD‘S ©oLrUMnN. Made and Repaired 30 Bparkseâ€"st., Ottawa. JEWELLERY REPAIRED Who are propared to Manufasture YOUNG Bovent on Faxes ix Exomixer YOUNG GET YOUR ALL KINDS OF ENXNCOURAGE 1} PC YOUAR pelegan ue Lorl mre qh tA nt cooien > w4 J given of the lot, and terms of payment will easy. Any information can be had on o"flud: nl}mmmfiufioh;“. good ie and Sheds attached. The Balldings muv.dxi;pdn’dr,nd vu.l".o?g:: mnu oymnuouxu s C ieditpottble. . The terms of parment will be made . Possession can be given on the 1st of May, .zlobub'hnuuo’dfl.s.-. AnLgr- ther information can be had by nm"th pflu.lr.mu,whfio + at the same time and place, lot No. 10, on mmw«omum'adom- wa, a vacent lot. This property is well adupted March 13, 1868. T-I subscriber has been favored with wpstructions from the proprietor, G. ARMâ€" 8TRONG, ba ., to sell by Public Auction at his Sale Rooms, Ri â€"st., on THURSDAY, APRIL EBRECOND, 1868, LOT No.27, situsted on the South side of Churchâ€"st., in the City of Ottawa. ‘There is umui‘-.n&. Etudents will thus become ao â€" Jiier uy havicg fope inoigh fenaneitrtaree cou + go ransacâ€" mfi and not depending altogether on his theory for a knowledge of those indispensable aoâ€" Auction Sale of Real Estate. u.‘.luhuu:i:‘.mmuu:.-unn the studont to business hotwm!ill.lqo-uryn.:a..m‘.h‘dm and also with the ndnbahmuu Each student is required to carry on imess as if be were a wholesale merchant in New York, when his qurrency will be that of the United States, after which he will profess to open an establishment in London, Engiand, when he will carry on business | _ The utility of this subject will be conseded by alt who have given it a moment‘s consideration, and were it not for the fancied difficulty of learning Phonography .“I who are now afraid to take npmh?dy'-l u.ho-;'dhromn-- mene roficient reporters. Perkaps there is no bnnho(zndy'lhtyhu-.qnhurm for the money invested, or slm more satisfaction to the one who has it, than Phonography, for having once learned the art empl ....L sure. mumw.-o”zmu MUSGROVE & VACHON, f Ottawa Business College, Ottawa. BOOKKEEPING. 3 A good firstâ€"class bookkeeper is always sure of a situation, where he can commund a large salaâ€" .Mwhflowomvlfli:&unflflubm Klmm.-nhpm-‘ ations, we shall be / eareful to recommend those only in whom we have o.unuuloo“trbflny.hudynd " Booun:qh its branches, such as :mh‘.Jn:-fm‘.OQ-hh;Pufi x‘.l.- ange, Jobbing, fln,h D-bs try, wm enmanship, Comâ€" mercial Law, Spell .hflm‘bg,uu-’fi:uuq and Banking, is in such a manner that the student becomes an ACTUAL MERKC T, carâ€" rying on business under his own name, m his ny-uu. discounting the notes of others, and ving his own discounted, snd keeping his own t o mtafomecy bepimae Thhks cE afiroaies memntine by few. This is un sccomplishment essential to every position of life, but above all in the counting of bringing many of our merchant princes to m&h.’mmunfiw will please call at the College Office, over the Meâ€" WRLTING CLASSES Will commence on ‘the 1st of:"rll next, under the superintendence of the Champion Penman of Canaâ€" da, when all those wishing to become proficient in the art of penmanship would do well to call. The advantages arising from being able to write a good hand, ard at the sameâ€"time to write rapidly and :llhly, will be conceded by all, nlthough possessed y few. This is un accomplishment essential to ove tion of life, but above all in the co roo:’.r?:do-lun'bem n&&u of one who following a mercantile or busiâ€" ness I!fo,‘:a to this art may be traced the means chanios‘ Institute, or addressâ€" ___ MUGRUYVE & VACHOXN, Ottaws Business College, Ottaw a. PHONOGRAPHY. Those desirous of learning the art of writing futulunullpukvil’l.:n have an opportu. nity of doing so, us classes will be formed en the 1st of April next. Mrs. BROWN, SBussexâ€"st., Ottawa, March 20, 1868. Assording to the above nolise the public are hereby informed that the Commercial ah‘o in this city, formerly known as the British American Oo-muhlcd’o.vfll in future be carried on under the name of the " Ottawa Business Commerâ€" cial College." Business College. iressents absclately necessary to the business mhgoppedn’dymm in Pepmanâ€" SHEFFEFIELD HOUSE ! MILLINERY BONXNETS, BTRAW BONKETsS, ~TRIMMED AXxD CXTRL ATRAW BATA TBIMMED ANXD UNTRIMMED, â€" FLOWERS « FPATBrR®RS BTRAW TRIMMNINGS AND ORNAMENTsS, Jet. Crystal and Steel Ornament= Comprising some of the richest goods we have ever shown. : ‘ 2sÂ¥ 2 GARLAND, MUTCHMOR & CO., On Tuesday Next, the 31st Instan. turing of They therefore feel confident in being able to fiivo entiré satisfaction to those favoring them with their orders. §#F" All work watranted. OTTAWA, March 31, 1868. 5 Latest Novelties in Mantles and Costumes sSBT E& W â€" HKEATS, BONNE‘TPS GaArLAND. Murcritor & Co E.K Grant and Henderson, Ottawe, klarch 28, 1868; 18 accommedation Bor a Gontliomen and wife, or two gentiomen, Permanont wa, March 27, 1868. AVE imported a large and beautiful steck of Ottawa, March 28, 1868. Watches, Clocks, Jewellery, &¢. ‘Will be Shown To Day. 4 MACGILLIYRAY & CO,. have bad"12 years‘ practical +‘A experience in Great Britain and Canada in thie manufecâ€" Grand Display NEW STRAW GOODS AND TRIMMINXG®S GFEGAND SEHOW DAY. AND TRIMMINGS3 in all the newest styles and fashion, which 24, Sparks st., Ottawa. H. MUSGROVE, H. C. WRIGHT. Importers, 20 Spark=~®â€", . OPEN THEIR SHOW ROOX No. 20, Rideauâ€"streot, A. ROWE. title can be â€"â€" 0 §¥ T H K â€"â€" WITE A. BONKETS, "TRIMMED AXD UNTRLE»®FD ; Onewa, March 31, 1868 Cases, Centre, Dining and Dressing Tables, > ideâ€" Beards, Carpets, Ruge, Table Covers and Cloths, Sofes and Couches, Arm, Rocking, Ea»y and wther Chairs, Clocks, Mirrors, W ashstands, P1anvâ€" Feste, Stoves and Stove Pipes, Towel Screens, Chaember Wate, Lamps, Pictares, Part of Library, FireScreons and Fenders, Papiler Mache Tray:, Dining Room and Kitchen Orockery Ware asd Furniture, and a variety of other articles too nuâ€" merons io particularize. â€" Teawsâ€"Cash in Bankable fupds. 4 H. MeLEAX, W be soid at PUBLIC AUCTION, the Manse of St. Andrew‘s Obarch, 8 On Wednesday, the 8th April Of the Revd. Doctor Erzxcr, comprising Iroo Bedsteads, Feather Bedsand DBedding, Hair and Prox., ut 11 o‘slock, a.m., ALL THE HOUSEHOLD FURKXITURE ‘;‘l:}?'fluliicf" o /o yet = Also, a second hand BUOGTY and HARNESS for sale cheap for cask. a° H. ADOLPHE PINARD, C _| _ Corner of Boiton and Daihousieâ€"street Household Furniture. _ FrOR SALE. 50,00‘!“1 SHIEGLEs, Ottawa, March 20, 1868. Fo- the 18th instant, is POSTPONED ue renit. uence a dn ow &ufim!‘mkt&-u;fi!w&,dm from China. The sale is postponsd to allowample time to hare the Teas hn?t forward. Bale at halfâ€"past ONE d& + pone i JOHN 1. KG & ©o., SAVINGS DEPARTMAKENT. < Flo. the First ‘.L“ April, proximo, until further notice, rate ol interest in the above:Department will be FIVE PER CENT p«: Advertised for Ascount of Messrs, Converse, Colson & Lamb. Bonds ot this Corporation, i Boaring Interest at Seveni Per â€"Cent ‘TBADE SA LBH] Parties desirous of investing will pMease apply to the undersigned. On Thursday, the 2nd day of April, 1868, SCHOOL TRUSTEES, ONTARIO BANK, OTTAWA. For #6,000, in sums of $100 to $1,000, Ottawa, Murch 3i, 1868. T BE NDE L 5 €,000 feet Codar Posts, frem $ to 15 fest long, #00 feet Codar Posts from 20 to 38 feet long, 340 feet Cedar Posts from 20 to 27 feet loug, “.l;;cusmh-.kh‘ Ladders from 20 to 300 cords Firewood, HARD, DRY HEMLOCK, PAYABLE EACKH YEAR wa, March 23, 1668. EXTENBIVE SALE BY THE BOARD "â€" Wholesale and Kotail. NOTICKH. To be secured by Will be received 2000 JAMES D ELATER, 5 Chairman B.8. T W. WADE Auctioncers Tostd €2%y \