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‘_ A wartime butter "shortage‘"‘ brought atkout rationing. Houseâ€" wiyes trekked from store to store in search of the minute quantiâ€" tles of butter that were said to be available. The day rationing was introduced the shelves were piled high with butter. It is no onder the consumer is suspicious of reported shortages. »â€"»«The, Canadian Federation of Agriculture is going to find itself ,with a fight on its hands when it argues theé appeal before the '-Prlvy Council. ~Senate service to Canada, but would strengthen public confidencs "in the sincereity of the Prime Minister‘s avowed desire to promote xgreater unity, an dadd to the strength and dignity of our parliaâ€" ‘mentary organization. + Pearce is the most important business in the civilized world toâ€" ‘day. It is also the most urgent. For today time is the most preâ€" commodity the world has ever known in all its history. Our quest for peace leads along a very narrow road. On one side is "‘the precipice of a possible Third World War, and we have been unâ€" .,,g:omfortably close to the edge on several recent occasions. The ’*preclpice is still there. â€" On the other side lurks the no less danâ€" »uerous swamp of economic chaos â€" and its insidious spread already threatens to narrow still further the road ahead. In brief, our problem is not only to achieve, peace â€" but also to ‘flvold barkruptcy. The only way to "win" a war nowadays is to ]omvent. it from getting started. Otherwise, the wilderness may vell be the only "victor." 8; ‘rhe ultimate cost of our participation in the Second World War, 4pcludlng expenditures already made and cocmmitments already asâ€" ‘sumed will take us many years to pay for it.. We cannot afford. an ‘encore. : In our past efforts to secure peace, we have tried limita jon of amount, "peace treaties", imlgflonism armed neim'amy ous resolutions, moral suasion, ippeasement ‘The Privy Council has granted the Canadian Federation of Agriâ€" cwlture leave to appeal the ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada ghich lifted the ban on the manufacture and sale of margarine in anada. is of utmost importance therefore that those who travel the Rorest for business or pleasure should be exteremely careful with camp fires and smoking materials.. Carelessness at any time is inexcusable; it becomes a serious matter when valuable property is ennecessarily destroyed and human lives placed in jeopardy. . "The Department of Lands and Forests reports that the period ‘from July 14th to July 20th a total of 107 forest fires were handled by the division of Forest Protection. Of this number only two atâ€" lained major proportions. The two fires covered aver 1200 acres enach and the remainder of the fires were extinguished before. reachin gan average of five acres. date this year 895 fires haye been extinguished, while anâ€" nther 25 are receiving attention. . The approximate area involved An‘the total number of fires is 22,839 acres. s YR ments for and against margarine will be heard by the Privy ‘Cbi‘xncmors next fall. ‘‘H. H. Hannam, president of the C.F.A., is reported as saying the ,gtantlng of the appeal is "gratfying", and will allow his organizaâ€" tion to pursue its original objective, restoration of the ban to "proâ€" gect‘"‘ the farmer and his product. : "Mr Hannam is very naive if he expects to sell the Canadian pubâ€" ic a bill of goods on the need for protection in the sale of butter. ; y September 1t is estimated there will be 60,000,000 pounds of butâ€" rage. ‘ ttawa government has afforded the best kind of "protecâ€" tion” by establishing a floor price of 58 cents a pound for the dairy prod;fiet and has, in fact, already spent more than $24,000,000 in mambaining the “floor ¢ - .I t W i en Bs _ _ s e m is oo o h+ ie io To n w Te i Lo o 2e a o h . s hn m / in m i | : > o4 hn > O sour ts S . + --'-â€"_..__ EoNE PR EPCs Thefdairy industry has enjoyed a monoply through the ban on the manufacture and sale of margarine. _ As is the case in all monâ€" opoltes, "protection" of the consumer is a secondary consideration. ; Thqre is a deeplyâ€"rooted suspicion that butterâ€"stocks have been jugglgd in the past to bring about higher prices. It is cause for aâ€" in ent that the butter "shortage‘" rapidly disappeared after the argarine ban was lifted, and large quantities of imported butâ€" ter, (ostensibly brought in to ease the shortage), remained unsold. Appointment of the three stalwart Canadians, Macdonnell, Niâ€" chol and Hackett would still leave the Government with gn ample majority, and would contribute, not alone, to the effectiveness of a/.. * â€" Published every Thursday by Merion W. Lake hy * Subscription Rates: *# M $2.00 Per Year United States: $3.00 Per Year Autharized as second class matter by the Post Office Department, Ottaws i6 Ontario Department of Lands and Forests again issues warnâ€" that the fire hazard conditions will remain until the snow Timmins, Ontario, Thursday, August 4th, 1949 dent Truman said on January 20th intly clear in advance that an ‘*s security would be met with overy might never occur." â€" Obvious over may well deter gangster nations TIn The Days T TT Bush Fire Hazards Remain Canada Needs These Men Butter Well "Protected" The Price of Peace ry 20th 1949 “If we cammake it ations from ' career of wor}i Peace is the high goal of all activities of the Canadian Indusâ€" trial Preparedness Assciation. The members of this Association and their twenty industrial defence preparedness committees have attacked this problem in a uhiquely Canadian way â€" voluntary acâ€" ticn without compensation whenever requested by our Governâ€" ment‘s authorized representatives. We can have peace for many years to come, but only at a price. The cost to every citizen will be in putting forward as much effort to win the peace as they would in winning a war. Of course the Câ€"balt delegates still thought ‘Cobalt the "best old town," while Porcupine was equally enthusâ€" iastic about gold. The Cobalt men thought that silver would come back, while the lads from Porcupine were serious in pointing cut that while this® area hadk rick mines, still "the surâ€" face hasn‘t even been scratched yet." Many were surprised at the extent and value of the lumber industry, as shown by the facts and figures quoted, but the chief interest in the discussion seemed to be in the variety of reâ€" sources in which so many delegates held desp faith. Arthur Stevens and cthers from the Cochrane area‘tgave a long list of minerals they firmly believed to lie north of Cochrane. Among other items mentioned were China clay, peat, and gas and oil. As a matter of fact, some years later, Conductor Shephard and other members of the T. N. O. staff patented claims for oil and gas north of Cochrane and, perhaps, would bave made a venture of it undsr a friendly government. As for the peat beds, many are still unsatisfied that the Government dropped work on them. It was pointed out in the discusâ€" sion that there appeared to be a notâ€" able find of asbestos in Deloro townâ€" ship, near Timmins, and also that the Porcupine township of â€"Langmuir might easily produce a barite mine. In regard to the latter mention may well be made of the fac tthat under unusual difficulties and handicaps, C. B. Morgan produced considerable baâ€" rite from his property in Langmuir. "And what about the resources in water power?" another delegate fairâ€" 1y exploded. "Why, this North has enough rescources of water power to be able to supply enough electricity power for all sorts of industries." . Wisely, the representatives from Englehart, New Liskeard and the places left it to Smith Ballantyne to put the case for agriculture. He did it effectively, and the years have provâ€" ed his foresight. 1y exploded. "Why, this North has enough rescources of water power to be abls to supply enough electricity power for all sorts of industries." . That started a discussion that gave an illuminating insight into what the pioneers thought of the resources of this North. Of course the Câ€"balt delegates still thought ‘TCobalt the "best old town," while Porcupine was equally enthusâ€" iastic about gold. The Cobalt men thought that silver would come back, while the lads from Porcupine were serious in pointing cut that while this There was, however, another genâ€" eral discussion of the resources of the North, and in this latter case some reâ€" cord was kept. This discussion took place at the banquet following the formal institutis1 of. Abitibi Lodge, A.F. AM., at Iroquois Falls, on Friâ€" day evening, January 18th, 1918. Liâ€" terally hundreds gathered from all over thie North for this event, over twenty being present from the Porcâ€" upine ‘Camp alonc. Cochrane, Kapâ€" uskasing, Cobalt, Haileybury, New Lisâ€" keard and oth2r Northern centres were represented. Dan O‘Connor of Connaught, menâ€" tioned a basic metal in quantity in the North. "There‘s a mountain of Atâ€"aâ€"meseting of the Temiskaming and Northérn Ontario Associated Boards of Trade at Cobalt perhaps thirty years ago, a speaker called attention to the fact that the North bad the basic industriés on which a great country might ‘be built. In later years, Alex Dewar made effecâ€" tive use of this idea in his earnest battle for the progress of hte North. At the Cobalt meeting,; mining, the forest industries and agriculture ware named in that order. At once, someâ€" one insisted on adding manufacturâ€" ing to the list as papermaking proâ€" mised to assume very important proâ€" portions. 4W6 a@LAOMS *J 16 GIYVE A - : Bsce oA ¢ â€" Sn * OME To ~> - fik Blnp Anp OME To CARRY us TAil= i BAD WEATAER k WRLAPPED IN TIi%$UE PAPER AND°COILED UP LIKE A RoPE . ._un‘ se _ _ x0 WILD GRASS Out of our door where the roses bloom To the cpen fields where the sky is wide, From the green and gold of the yellow kroom To the silvery space where the grasses rideâ€" Wild oats, pale and drowsy of head, Tall plumed grass with purple tip, Crested dancers in tawny and red, And blueâ€"eyed Erodiuimâ€"beauties that slip QOut on the winds in a restless wave, While I look on and know I gave My heart to the prairie ages ago In the shadowless land of thunder and snow. Allen E. Woodall °C â€" ce 2i " Snssc hn it Mutnâ€".-ha bâ€"W*-â€"u "'f" y wl awame â€" #°% No. 109. â€" The Resources of the North ho iron in the 'l’;hnuu‘nl RJW just waiting development," he said. To add to the intersst adâ€" ded the item that John J‘o “- time: prospector,, had . m samples of hard‘doal frm the Icher Islands. Had anycne t’hn down veibatim all the items in that Associeted Boards of Trade discussion there would be a notâ€" able list of the resources of the North. Urifortunately, â€"as most of the ‘disâ€" cussion was considered‘ "off the reâ€" cord,"~and not : pertinent totheâ€" probâ€" lems under dmmssian, much it went unrecorded.â€" _ A detailed reâ€" port of that more or less random disâ€" cussicon would be of great interest, and one of the richest gold fields in all the world." No Cobalt man could let that go unchalienged. â€" A Cobalt brother adâ€" ‘nllm that Porcupine was great but, of course, Cobalt was greater. Coâ€" balit was a live camp, he said, beforc Porcupine was even dreamed about. "ITâ€"day, Cobalt is going stronger than ever, so silver must be the greatest of allâ€" good things in this North." he said. The whole attitude of that ‘Tobalt gentleman gave ample reason to beâ€" lieve that the saying current during the last war, "There‘ll Always be an England," was originally phrased in the first world war, "There‘ll Always be a , While the solemn rites of the inâ€" stitution of the new lodge at Iroquois Falls were of ‘very great importance to the members of the Masonic Lodges, the general public found particular interest in the report of the big banâ€" quet held after the institution‘ cereâ€" monies. . At this banquet one speakâ€" er touched on what he considered tht greatest resource of this North Land, and the following speakers genially accépted the cHallenge. It remainecd however, for ‘"Robt.:~LeHeup, then disâ€" trict superintendent of Temiskaming Children‘s Aid Socicty, to show that al! the previous speakers had overâ€" looked the most important of all the many. resourres of the North The ~ceremony of institutionâ€" was conducted by D, D. G.: M. Wor. Bra. Sutcliffe, assisted by W. Bros. W. Mc Leod, R. LeHeup, D. Johns and D. A. Hoggarth. Among those from Porcuâ€" pine Lodgs (Golden City) were W. M. R. E. Sullivan and Bros. George Banâ€" nerman, R. Sims, W. E. Baillod, Geo. Lake, John Costain, Thos. Hogg. The representatives from Timmins Lodg»o included: W. M. Geo. Vary, and Bros. Dr Ctton, B. E. Martin, V. Woodbury, H. Peters, W. McFarlans, Hugh B. Lee, an dAÂ¥A. Skelly. â€" Of the latter list, Mr. Skelly is the only one ‘still reâ€" siding in Timmins. It may be of interest to add that W. Bro. Frank K. Ebbitt was the first W. M. of the Iroquois Falls Lodga. cussion would value, today. It was a Porcupine brother who took ‘up some time showing that the Porcupine held the greatest resource of the North; "‘ ‘"Toâ€"day," he said. ‘"there is nothing more important than gold. _ And the Porcupine possesses ded.â€" A detailed reâ€" ore or less random disâ€" be of great interest, and By R. J. SCOTN ent," he said. the world." ntersst adâ€" No Cobalt John J‘onel un oldâ€"© unchalienged. nad . mitted that I al from the leher of course, Co € balt was a l No Cobalt man could let that go ‘unchalienged. â€" A Cobalt brother adâ€" mitted that Porcupine was great but, of course, Cobalt was greater. Coâ€" balt was a live camp, he said, beforc Porcupine was even dreamed about. "Tâ€"day, Cobalt is going stronger than ever, so silver must be the greatest of . all good things in this North." he said. The whole attltude. of that ‘Tobalt gentileman gave ample reason to beâ€" lieve that the saying current duringâ€" the last war, "There‘ll Always be an England," was originally phrased in the first world war, "There‘ll Always be a Cobalt." * . ‘"Twentyâ€"five minutes.!" exclaimed the manager. "Why, my dear sirs, ours is a long bill, I cannot give you twentyâ€"five minutes I suggest that you go on for eight minutes." "Well," said fatraer. I can see naught else for it Jad. Tha‘ll ha‘ to shoot it." The pair hadn‘t had an act for a month of Sundays and didn‘t know just waat to say; but, being resourceâ€" ful. replied. "Twentyâ€"five minutes." The performers stared at him agâ€" hast. The father was trying to cheer up his daughter‘s rejected suitor. "Have a drink," he suggested. "I hato the radio. I th:ink I‘d betâ€" ter ‘be going. My sister is having a party, and I promised to get back earâ€" ly to amuse the guests." "On the right . . . form platoon!" roared the sergeant. The recruits carried out some kind of manocevre. which left him speechâ€" less Ho looked at trem for a moment â€"two momen‘s. â€" Then his voice reâ€" Mother. who was anxious to make a good show, exclaimed: "Tom, don‘t forget when the cake is cut you must help the bride to cut it s with your sword." The manager inquired the lengh of their act. "Eight minutes!" they screamed. ‘"Why, we bow for seven minutes!" "I don‘t drink," the young man answered goomily. ‘Have a cigar then?" "I don‘t smoke." . ‘"Well. would you like to turn on the radio?" the father said desperately. All the speakers of the evening had been applauded, but R. LeHeup madeo the hitof the evening. For once, he admitted that he struck the right chord, with the right "touch.‘""‘ When reâ€" minded, years afterwards, of the inâ€" cident, he said: ‘"Sure, I made the best speech of the evening. I can prove it. _ All the other speeches were good, but mine was the only one they willâ€" ingly paid over $50.00 for. As soon as I had finished they cheered me, and started to pass the hat. In a few minutes I was handed over $50.00 for the Children‘s Aid, because I had settled the argument to everybody‘s satisfaction."‘ A young naval officer nome on leave was di:cussing arrangements for his wedding. "But," said Tom, "I haen‘t a sword â€"only a revolver." . "All right," he said, in tones which no mere words could possibly describe, "now take your parteners for the ; Speaking of Signs the world. . Sign in a Culver City, California, insurance office â€"As usual, brot Next came a Monteith brother with skilful and thoughtful praise of agriâ€" cviture as the greatest.resource of all this North. â€" "There will be handâ€" scme farm stock and a smiling counâ€" â€"of grain and fruit and vegeâ€" tables," he said, "when all your mines mill have petered out." He add~d, hestily, that he hoped it would not be long before agriculture did deâ€" velop fully in the North land. "I wish your mines the longest of lives," he ‘added, "because the mining româ€" munities should be the farmers‘ best customers." 4 Althcugh Alex Dewar was not preâ€" sent at .that banquet, Iroquois Falls could not remain altogether silent in view of all this talk. The superâ€"imâ€" portance of the pulp and paper inâ€" dusty was very courteously and kindâ€" ly, but very firmly, put forward as the Sruly important and vital feature of development of the North. But it was Bro. R. LeHeup‘s address that closed the friendly discussion and settled the genial rifalries. ‘"‘The greatest resource of this, or any other ccountry," he said, "lies in its manhood and womanhood, and the greatest industry in this or any other land is the work of gifing every child a fair chance to grow into happy and ugseful citizenship. â€" Without good men and good women growing from childâ€" ren cared for and protected and lovrd, all your gold and silver and grain and whatâ€"not will profit you nothing." After thirtyâ€"odd years, Brcther Le Heup is still right. Before even gold, or silver, or asbestos, or agriculture, or the forest industries, place the children. The Bright Side YOUR WELCOME Some folks should be able to get jobs as caddies ing the bag. Talks originate in the Cooperative League‘s Washington Radic are picked up and broadcast by the AFL‘s Ladies Garment Workers‘ New York studio, WFDR, then shot out to the Union‘s ohter FM stations in Chattanooga (to cover the South) and Los Angeles. There this organization now has two stations, having just purchased Burbank‘s KWIK with regular night and day broadcasting. ‘ HEARD ON THIS BEAT: Using a new and unnoticed radio hookâ€"up technique to get labor‘ 8 v1ewpoint. spread across country with flashâ€"fire swiftness, New Deal unio ow reach their people with special interpretations of breaking news only few hours alter the incidents occur in Washington. CA W ie CA ARe A 51/ A NA S 8 _ SZ S Te To t # VÂ¥ “U..l.la' Every night labor broadcasters stand by for word of what‘s halspening in Congress, or elsewhere. At 6:30 these commentators start spieling; o‘clock nationally prominent speakers are put on, such as young Franklfnahlosevelt. Jr., criticizing thei ropponents and giving labor‘s attitude. At the same time the CIO auto union‘s radio stations in Detrsit and Cleveâ€" land pick up the talks for the midwest. Coverage is good, too. _ There are 450,000 FM sets in New York thousand: more in Detroit, Cleveland and other cities. â€" Furthermore, most new televiâ€" sion sets have FM reception. Novel techniques and network activity wer» created under advice from Morris Novik, former radio aid to the late Fiorgllo LaGuardia. â€" Should play big role in coming elections. How can some perple have so much common sense when they . kup passinz all the time? If things are too high, chcerup â€"â€" in summertime fl(-rea alw: free verse. A Chicago club woman was robbed in her home. We wonder how she got there. 5* : (Oâ€"â€"â€"â€"(OQâ€"â€"â€"()â€"â€"â€"C0 J E1 Canaries have very poor hearing, â€" Gosh, how can they tell when they‘re not in tune? As usual, brother is teacmnc sigster to swim this summer â€" â€" Urbdl‘ér and sister to somebody else e o n is Too many people have done away with cooking says a wruer And, bn many people haven‘t a home of their own to cook in. o ts s 4 4) 4 A singing mouse may be featuredâ€" on a radio prbgram. This alone should make any selfâ€"respecting cat switch to television. x3 The scientist who said music keeps cows happy may make them the laughing stock of the country. dered in. That‘s the official thinking in high government circles. However, CIO auto unicn officials, most understandably bitter, say that: s ah. q4 * ‘"We believe the shootings were planned on a large scale, larger man-flihe city of Detroit and the State of Michigan.‘" es | They assert that tracing the 18 undetected shotguns of the type “which cut down Victor Reuther is impossible without F.B.I. aid. So the labor people will continue to put the heat on Hoover. Mosethan| 40 Detroit organizations have pledged to fight for assignment of Buregu, agents. He‘s President Truman.â€" He could get action. There‘d be n in any circles.. And the goons wouldn‘t have that cool comfoi that the heat‘s off. Other arguments are made here against going into the brutal attach'dnon the Reuthers. F.B.I. records disclose.77,000 "aggravated assaults" (such as the Reuther shcotings) occur each year. About 8.8 times an hour.. Which of these should the Bureau investigate, the F.B.I. friends in Congress ask," There are also 12,900 murders a year. twz3 And it‘s the F.B.I. contention that these are purely local police prob%m e« even in the ghastly instance of such crusading youg labor leaders as the Reyuâ€" But there is one man who could snap his fingers and get the FLB.IW â€"« â€" â€" 30 that sensitivities and futureâ€"criticism would be wiped out in advance. He‘s # man the Reuthers helped elect. *~ i6463 ; He‘s President Truman.â€" He could get action. There‘d be non bitterness, in any circles. _And the goons wouldn‘t have that cool comfortab e feeling It was pointed out that after the midnight ambushmg and murdei'jol: fiilroad president George P. McNear in March, 1947 â€" â€" in the midst of a bitter strike against his line â€" â€" J. Edgar Hoover resisted sending in his agents. The imâ€" plication is clear that the F.B.I. director did nct then think that the Bureau should, of its own volition move into a labor dispute. â€" Finally hewas orâ€" On the job front. . .At least , 40,000 union machinists will be off if our warplane production is cut from 3,280 to 2400 as some Congressmen wahnt. , .To maxke jobs for the thinned~down CIQ shipbuilding: union, worried.little union chief John Green is trying to push a bill through Congress for repair,of our "mothballed" reserve flest. . .Hard hit state is Connecticut, where..of,,the 402, 500 persons worklng in factories a year ago, 70,000 ar jobless, 17,000. work less than, 32 hours a week, and 2,000 less than 24 hours. . .But the government ex. perts say that jobs in engineering (the country‘s third largest profession) may increase by 100,000 in the next 10 years. . .There are 50,000 joblesg‘ih‘ Pittsâ€" burgh. j kFo 4 + . But before we get into the cloakâ€"and dagger chapters of this tenge yarn; it must be reported that the Bureau hasn‘t been disinterested. at all. . Its Deâ€" troit stoolpigeons, the misery â€" filled shifty, shadowland characters who 4re part of every criminal division, long ago were pumped of everything they knew about the attempted murders of the two union brothers apparently desâ€" tined to lead millions of labor men in the next decade. stoolies knew nothing â€" â€" but nothing. Tell this to the Commies screaming against speed up in your shops: The February 15, 1949 edition of the Bolshevik, official Soviet Communist! Party organ says that piece work and incentive pay are the "basic form: for‘ the reâ€" numeration of the work of workers in the USSR." s j Now this same official F.B.I. sensitivity to its résponsibility in distinguish- ing betwean the foreign agent and homespun radical, has been respofl#fble for an understandable fear that some F.B.I. actions may be mismterpret'ed as that of a ‘"‘national secret political police." one were mnuri as a rCSulit Ol pICKCT It is asked. A4 14 . "Â¥ 3 8 ‘"Would the F.B.I. be subject to call by i dustx'ialists" Would the Burea then "Reéecome part of the labor relations picture?"" _ Cns > . against a To keep more than 200 entertajners working in night spots which use exotic dancers (strip teasers to you), the American Guild of Variety Artists has proâ€" mised midâ€"west authorities that the union would police the shows, and keep thtm clean. tirJ Z5 ® Demands of Britain‘s Ford Workers included time off for tea in the;.garly part of the day, and tea service in the latter half. . .They won, too. . .And now it‘s cooperative herring. After an unsuccessful tear with the Herring Packers Assn. for a month, hte CIO fishermen‘s union and boat owners have leased an Alaska plant and will fish for and process herring Washington â€" â€" I‘ve learned why J. Edgar Hoover has refused to dispatch his special F. B. I. agents in purcuit of the shotgun killers who tried to blast the Reuther brothers into small pieces. So much for the undercover part. As for the F.B.I. chief‘s official reagonâ€" ing, according to sources here â€" â€" it must first be understood that Edgar Hoovar may be insulated, but is not isolated in those inside offices off the stone corâ€" ridors, high in the Capitol‘s Justice Dept building. He is, with scalpel sharpness, aware of the fear throughout the country that the investigation of Communists may spit fire hysterically against all radicals, and even labor people. ; Actually the Bureau has been scientifically careful not to confuse honest American radicals with the Communists. So much so, in fact, that the F.B.I. recently has been clearing Socialists for government jobs â€" â€"and reportlng uheir lcyalty is unimpeachable. . f Therefore, it is felt that the first line of home defense must bt the local police department â€" â€" which can at all times exploit any F.B.I. criminal reâ€" cordls, files, fingerprint index and the almost hypnoticallyâ€"fascinating . scienâ€" tific detection labs. So, the thought here is ‘"when you start moving in.on the locals, you lay grcundworkâ€"for a federal police." "If precedent were broken in the Reuther cases, what would happen. if ‘n the course of a strike, let‘s say out in Hawaii, property were damag r some- one were hurt as a result of picket action?" it is asked. 14 hÂ¥ 'l'h_e present is yours. Uu lt. ‘l‘ommow is the most uncertain énln: in It takes a girl to find cut that a gay blade often is very dull. If you must strain your eyes do it lsoking on the bright side. A Bit O‘ This and That‘" by Victor Riesel â€" they‘rie so used ‘to‘ holdâ€" ' ity at T11