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MONDAY, DECEMBER 11TH, 1939 § , B» Hugh Murphy ie s It was not until 1547 that an insane asylum was established in London at the hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem, a name soon abbreviated to "Bedlam." The conditions in it fully justified the significance which the word bedlam had acquired, A medical book written at the time Bedlam was opened sumâ€" marized the accepted treatment of the insane in these words: "I do advertyse which is madde or lunatycke or frantycke or demonyack to be kept in safegarde in some close house or chamber where there is lytell light; and that he havé a keeper the which the madde man do fear." The brutality implied in the above found fullexpression in the brutalities practiced: on the insane. They were chained and often kept in cages for the edification of visitors. Bedlam was one of the show places of London. As for treatment: one was to bind them in whirling chairs and spin them until the blood ran out of their ears; to plunge them down chimneys onto a pile of writhing snakes, Even in the beginning of the nineâ€" teenth century, while the brutalities of earlier times were ameliorated someâ€" what, the, insane were still treated harshly. The idea persisted that the insane were wilfully destructive and obstinate and consequently, attempts were made to intimidate them, bully them and beat them. Shakespeare, in his treatment of King Lear showed more knowledge of insanity than is to be found in any medical book of his time. He is the first to speak of a "mind diseased," and in doing so, he anticipated physiâ€" cians in this knowledge by nearly half a century. Today psychiatrists treat mental derangement as a disease, but strangely enough, they are applying something like medieval shock treatment to vicâ€" tims of schizophrenia (dementia pratâ€" cox), which is the most common form of insanity. Whether social or physical difficulties causes schizophrenia, no one knows. A schizophreniac may believe he is Napoleon or that his children are tryâ€" ing to kill him; or he might fall into rigid positions lasting for hours. For some there are no more human emotionsâ€"only a slow retreat from life into deathâ€"like stupor. Less than ‘six per cent return to sanity. Until 1934 medical science could do little for schizophrenia. Then Dr. Manâ€" fred Sakel, of Vienna, now of Manâ€" hattan, announced that he had been shocking schizophreniacs back to sanity with large injections of insulin. In 1935 Dr. Lazlo von Menduna, of Budapest, successfully shocked schizophreniac¢s with metzazolâ€"a camphorâ€"like. drug. Physicians the world over hailed the discovery of this treatment somewhat resembling medieval methods and set to work to test it. Metrazol is a powerful stimulant to the centres which regulate many of the vital functions of the body, such as blood pressure, heart action and respiration. Use of the drug is simple. A patient receives no food for four or five hours anrd then about five cubic centimetres of the drug are‘ injected into his veins. In atkout half a minute he coughs, casts a terrified glance about the room, twitches, wails and freezes into rigidity with his mouth wide open and arms and legs frozen stiff. He goes into convulsions for two minutes and passes into a coma in which he remains for about an hour. After a series of such shotks his mind may be swept clear of delusions. The patient is usually subjected to such treatment about three times week forâ€" five or six weeks. If no imâ€" provement ‘is noted after ten treat»â€" ments he is usually given up as hopeâ€" less. The tréatment in itself is horrible enough so that no patient submits to it willingsly after the first. One patient described it as "death by the electric chair." Other dangers are that during the treatment patients will arch their backs with such violence that crushed vertebrae result, that they will disâ€" locate their jaws or cause other more minute fractures. Sso, although the metrazol treatment is widely used and has been successful in many cases, it it condemned by some psychiatrists as "dangerous." The insulin treatment is also a subâ€" ject for controversy. A patient is given increasingly large doses up to about 70 to 100 units of insulin (normal dose for diabetics is 20 units). He sinks into a coma: his skin turns paperâ€"white or cherryâ€"red: he snores loudly and soaks his bed with perspiration. After threeâ€" quarters of an hour glucose is given to revive him. As he awakens he shouts and bellows. : Danger from insulin is that "irreverâ€" sible shock" may be caused by too little sugar in the blood during the time the patient is in a coma and that glucose may not be able to pull him out of it For Sale: Hand Embroidered Goods suitable for Christmas Gifts, also Cotton Dresses, Aprons, Ete,. UNDER AUSPICES OF adies‘ Aid of Timmins Finnish United Church ALSO FINXNISH COFFEE BREAD FOR SALE AND COFFEE "IX FINXNISH STYLE* WILL BE SERVED Will be held in the Church Building WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 13th, 1939 RO‘“ 2 P.M. to 10 P.M. SALE OF WORK Corner Eim Strect and Sixth Ave, Timmins, Naybob Production for November W as $44,824 Naybob Gold Mines, Porcupine disâ€" trict, reports producm{n for November at 44,824 from milling of 8,824 tons of ore for an average recovery of $11.72 a ton, compared with $33.883 from 4,235 and an average of $8 in October. Th@ company announced recently that the $50,000 mortgage has been reâ€" duced by $25,000 in fcur months. In the three months of September October and November, production was $11,771 from treatment of 12,192 tons of ore for an average recovery of $9.16, GAS MASKS FROM ENGLAND TO BE SENT TO FINLAND Reports from London, England, say that British firms have arranged to supply 60,000 gas masks to Finland. With fear of Soviet planes dropping gas bombs from the sky, this is one of Finland‘s pressing needs. The Finâ€" nish people have been using homeâ€" made masks to protect themselves from this form of Soviet warfare. Report of Children‘s Aid for Month of November The following is the report of the District Children‘s Aid for the month of November as presented by the local superintendent:â€" Applications for children for ::....::;... o Office Interviews out of office ............... Complaints received .. SR Investigations made ... esY Children . in Malil receIved? Children in shelter ;. Ee Mail sent out ... C oi Children boarding out ................... .mz s s irriav is es Court attendance ... ~CASCS ...! ty Children on probation to court Children released from guardian SMID EsY iss cesc s is ie digeass n Wards returned to Shelter ... Mileage travelled Children committed to an indus- frial .cs ie xt Chi:dren placed in foster homes .:. .i: Children given hospital and mediâ€" Cal CBTE En WXA ki Children returned to parents ... Investigations for other societies Cases under the Unmarried Parents ENEX ENAE iY e is id e and that he may die from respiratory faillure. Only time can prove the value of inâ€" sulin shock treatment. Most patients remain sane for a year after a series of such treatments; others who show no good effects immediately may ripen into sanity a year later. How this type of treatment, known medically as "convulsant therapy" works nobody knows. One theory is that certain poisons invade the brain cells to cause schizophrenia and shock treatment helps thegbody combat? these po‘sons. Another is that the terriole fear of death inspired by the shock treatment causes despairing schizoâ€" phreniacs to turn back to life. Toâ€"davy‘s Stocks ©$9.45 1485 45.50B ;# 130 77.00 . 2504 1.20B ALOL 2. 01 PAX 4,.30 2.30 2.14 2.20 1.16 3 .85 5.80 Odd Letters from Relief Applicants Out in Alberta Many in Alberta Seem to Have a Lot of Iattle Worâ€" ries. (From *‘The Gateway," U. of A. Magazine) The followinz extracts frormm relief letters received by the city department, are genuine and are not meant to be funny: "I cannot get sick pay. I have six children. Can you tell me why this is?" ‘"This is my 8th childâ€"what are you going to do about it?" "I am glad to say that my husband who was reported nnssmg is now deâ€" ceased." "Mrs. Brown has had no clothing for a year, but is regularly visited by the clergy." "Sirâ€"I am forwarding my Marriage Certificate and my two children, one of which is a mistake, as you will see." "I am writing to say that my baby was born two years old, when do I get the money?" "Unless I get my husband‘s money soon I shall be forced to lead an imâ€" mortal life." "I am sending you my Marriage Certificate and six children. I had seven, but one died, which was baptized Smith.‘ "Please find out for certain if my husband is now dead, as the man I now live with won‘t eat or do anything until he knows for certain." "My son has been in charge Oof a spittoon, now do I get the money?" "In answer to your letter I have given birth to a boy, 10 lbs. in weight, and hope this will be satisfactory." "You have changed my little girl into a little boy. Well this make any difference?" "Please send the money at once, as I have fallen in error with my landâ€" lady." "I have no children yet, My husband is a bus driver and works night and day." "In accordance with your instrucâ€" tions, I have given birth to twins in the enclosed envelope." half a sheet of paper by the Rev THE PORCUPINE ADVANCE, TIMMINS, ONTAFJO \Bakeshops and Employees _ Think Competition Unfair ‘to town of two chain bakery organizaâ€" ' tions. The mastet bakers feel the !competition unfair, because the new rivals for tracde do not pay taxes to the municipalities and do not support the ; community in the numerous other ways |\ that local industries do. _ The Union employees also see disadvantaze to them in the new competition. . feel that if the chain bakeries are sucâ€" | cessful in securing any material body of trade it will mean reduction in emâ€" ployment for local men and also reâ€" duced wages for those left employed \here. Low wages is one of the features , of chain corporation competition, the bakers claim, and the employees of the bakeshops who have built up a gcod | union see the value of their work upset in case chain corporation tactics preâ€" vail. Both employers and employees ‘in the fourteen bakeshops in the camp are agreed that the bread and other products made here will compare more than favourably with any chain corâ€" poration products, and that prices here at present are at the very minimum to ~allow decent hours and fair wages while maintaining quality in the goods proâ€" duced. Both the proprietors and the iemployees of the bakeshops think that | preference should be given local indusâ€" try and local workmen, and also that means should be available to provide _for chain corporations paying thtir ';proper share of taxes and other comâ€" munity expenses. Frfom both the master bakers of the camp and from ttg:u' Union employees come objections to the recent advent malntainIng qudilty i11 ULIC duced. Both the proprietors and the employees of the bakeshops think that preference should be given local indusâ€" try and local workmen, and also that means should be available to provide for chain corporations paying thHetir proper share of taxes and other comâ€" munity expenses. Wonderful! (From an Exchange) She had just arrived back from A tour of Europe, and her longâ€"suffering acquaintance had no opportunity to forgzet tht fact. 4 "And Paris!" she gushed. ‘"Paris i*border recently. Fourâ€" other childrenj Trustee Edward Rabley, chairman of the school board, told The Advance that while the school doors will be closâ€" ed, the section will retain its separate identity for the present, so that if the swing of the pendulum egyer brought back the possibility of reopening the building, that step can be taken withâ€" . | out delay or formality. With the epenâ€" _ing of the presgnt term in September, | the enrolment stood at eight children, ‘but this number was reduced by three ‘.when one family moved away from Giroux, Lake to Mileage 104, and two others were gone when a United States citizen who had been in the camp on mining business returned across the | I wonderful. The people are all so well of school age in the district are pupils educated. Why, even the streetâ€"cleanâ€" rs talk French!" Fish and Chips Captain Plugge, M. P., for Chatham, has been asking the Minister of Food whether, to acclimatise various town residents to country conditions, he would arrange for the better organizaâ€" tion of the supply of fish and chips in AMilatrinto of iCobalt high school. Final meeting in the school will be on Thursday evening of next week, | when the 14st Christmas entertainment will be held, and at this function it is expected that Dr. E. F. Armstrong, exâ€" mayor of Cobalt who was present at the opening ceremonies in September, 1909, will attend and give an address. Records kept at that time a generation ‘aso disclose that the late J. W. (Jud‘ge) L | | | Fish and Chips Captain Plugge, M. P., for Chatham, has been asking the Minister of Food whether, to acclimatise various town residents to country conditions, he would arrange for the better organizaâ€" tion of the supply of fish and chips in rural districts. Many Here Given Education in School Now to be Closed Cobalt,. Dec. 11â€"(Special to The Adâ€" vance)â€"Numerous men and women now living in Porcupine, together with many other former Cobalters scattered through the northern cam»s, will learn with mixed feelings that because of the vicissitudes inseparable from the minâ€" ing industry the public school at Giroux Lake, where their earlierâ€"education was received, is being closed after a history extending back thirty years.. Erected in Cobalt‘s heyday, the school section in that eastern area of the silver camp at one time had an enrolment of more than 225 pupils, but today the number has kept on declining until all that are left are Robert Moore, six years of age, Luck of Mining Fields Causes Closing of School After Thirty Years. his sister Edith, two years his senior, and Dorothy Bunclark, who is ten, and this trio is being transferred to Cobalt Central school with the new year. go disciose Mahon and the late Milton Carr, both wellâ€"known citizens of Cobalt in its prime, took a prominent part in the formal opening and one oldâ€"timer still living at Giroux Lake told The Adâ€" vance they contributed an organ to the school equipment between them. The three children still at the school are all in different grades, and last term the four girls and three boys registered there were distributed over four separâ€" ate classes. The teacher is Miss Marâ€" garet Wright, niece of Walter Little, MP., who has been at Giroux Lake since September, 1922. Notified Satâ€" urday officially the school is being closed, her immediate plans are uncerâ€" tain. The school had two rooms when orâ€" isinally built and a third room for kinâ€" dergarten scholars was added later. The first teacher in the present building apparently was the Rev. J. E. Smith, B.A., Presbyterian minister at Giroux Lake, who first taught in a tent to a few scholars. In between, and before this school was erected, Mrs. James Morton tauzht pupils in a small oneâ€" room school, and Mr. Smith had 41 children under his care when the presâ€" ent building was opened. At the height of the district‘s activity, the Giroux Lake school had in 1915 three teachers and 160 pupils registered, 92 boys and 68 girls, whils the sister school at Temiskaming mine (long since closed) had two teachers and 69 pupils, of whom 40 were girls. The respective principals then were Arthur J. T. Merkâ€" ley and Washington Winter. A former principal at Giroux Lake, Adam Beatâ€" ty, is now surgeon on the Canadian Pacific Steampships‘ liner "Empress of Japan," with his home in Vancouer, JustPhone 42 7 (From an Exchange) Descending the stairs, Wiilie‘s moâ€" ther entered the diningâ€"room where her son was still eating breakfast. Willie?" she askeqa. Willie gave a | tried to hide his tablecloth. ~"YÂ¥es. of course I did, mother," he replied. "Well; how is it you didn‘t find this?" She held out a folded slip of paper. Written outside was "For Willie for the movies"; inside wWwAas Did vou wash yourself this morning, ; a quarter. Whâ€"where was it?" gasped Willie. Under the soap in the bathroom!" Cor, Spruce St. Third Ave. PHONE 3%1 TIMMINS Clean Rooms The King Edward Hotel Day or Week Very Reasonable Rates she asked. gave a hurriec Hard to Explain Quiect Atmoszshere PAGE FIVE mother ulp as he under the he