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Thursday, March 13th, 1930 convalescent dno | . remarkably easy tfo digest invalid appetite. ue : Containing finest | Indeed, it is very comforting to Canadian wheat | _ weakened stomachs and actually en flour and | _ aids the digestion of three times Ovdlt:ne, these its own weight in Othel’ foods, dR,'fCSCj :;d“:s:g The beneficial effect of Ovaltine much more nourâ€" | is felt almost at once. It is really ishing than orâ€" | _ wonderful! dinary rusks or Obtainable at all good stores, in 50c., 75C., $1.25 and special $4.50 family size tins; also served at soda founâ€" tains. 252 OVALTINE # biscuts A. Wander Limited â€" 455 King Screet West, Toronto, Ont. have a delicacy of flavour and a crispness which appeals to the convalescent and invalid appetite. Containing finest Canadian wheatâ€" en flour an d QOvaltine, these Rusks are easily digested and very much more nourâ€" ishing than orâ€" dinary rusks or The CANADA STARCH CO., Limited TONIC FOQD BEVERAGE Builds up Brain, Nerves and Body Every particle is delicious} easily digested, superâ€"nourishment The wonderful, nourishing goodness of ripe barley malt, fresh eggs and creamy milk is concentrated by an exclusive scientific process in Ovaltine. All the necessary food elements are here to reinâ€" vigorate the weak body. There are proteins to OVALTINE RUSKS ave a delicacy of avour and 4 rispness which ppeals to the create muscle and bone, carbohyâ€" drates to give new energy, minâ€" eral salts to enrich the blood, organic phosphorus to build up the brain ancf neryes and all the essential lifeâ€"giving vitamins. Ovaltine is very delicious and HE great difficulty during convalescence after illness is to obtain food which will not tax the iiiestion, is dpalatablc, and which will rebuild austed body cells and tissues quickly. Ovaltine, the original and supreme tonic food beverage, meets all three requirements perfectly. That is why doctors all over the world recomâ€" mend it. Everybody enjoys its wonâ€" derful flavor, it is thicker and sweeter than Crown Brand and equally rich in nourishing qualities. Try it â€" all children love it! You get your strength back so much quicker on QOVALTINE CORN $YRUP The Famous Syrup that needs no introduction. Its Quality and Deliâ€" cious Taste are known throughout the Country. . You cannot find any sweet that has such combined qualities of deliciousness and nourishment as these two famous Syrups. The Hudson Bay branch of the Canadian National Railway is nearing completion to Fort Churchill on the west coast of Hudson Bay. This line is being built to handle grain from the western provinces to transâ€"Atlantic points. On the other hand, the coastal trade or the trade originating in and around the Bays will find the easiest outlet through Moose Harbour. The main reason why this traffic will likely come south is on account of the differâ€" ence in climate between Moose and Churchill. Moose has a month longer open season than Churchill, being about The existence of such a vast expanse of landâ€"locked water as Hudson Bay, extending into the heart of the contiâ€" nent, is exercising a profound influence on the development of Canada. A comparison of the northward settleâ€" ment in the West with the lack of it in the east, is most striking. Each has its own natural resources to deâ€" velop, but they are dGifferent. The wealth of the farm lands of the West is known, but the possibilitiee of the Hudson Bay region are only beginning to be known. The best way to assist this development is by making the waters of Hudson and James Bays readily accessible. The logical solution of this problem is a railway that will join the southern extremity of James Bay with the centres of population to the south. This is the present mission of the Temiskaming and Northern Onâ€" tario Railway, Ontario‘s Government Railway. Cutting dseply into the continent from the north, like a gigantic wedge, Hudson Bay, with its southern extenâ€" sion James Bay, leaves only a comâ€" paratively narrow neck of land conâ€" necting Eastern Canada with the West (It is only 325 miles from the south shore of James Bay to the north shore of Lake Superior). Hudson Bay has an area of 576,000 square miles, about 15 times the area of Lake Superior. The Hudson Bay region comprises this large inland sea surrounded on the east, south and west by a land area in the form of a horseshoe, commonly known as the Canadian Shield. This has been estimated to be nearly 2,000,000 square miles in area, of which over 1,750,000 square miles are in Canada and Labâ€" rador, the remainder being in the United States. The recent announcement by the Onâ€" tario Government that the T. N. O. Railway would immediately be extendâ€" ed to the southern extremity of James Bay naturally raises the question as to the reasons that prompted this decision. A glance at the map of Canada makes this fairly obvious, viz., the opening up of the largest unexplored area on the continent. Fur and Game, Fisheries, Forests, Minerals, Waterpowers, Agicultural Possibilities of Region North of Cochrane Touched Upon by T. and N. 0. Mining Engineer. Facts of Special Interest to Poople of Ontario at the Present Time. With the continued extension of the T. N. O. Railway north of Cochrane there is increasing interest in the genâ€" eral possibilities of the country to be served. On several recent occasions The Advance has had requests for inâ€" formation in regard to the James BRay area, and the following article by Arthur A. Cole, T. N. 0. mining enâ€" gineer seems to summarize the inforâ€" mation generally desired. It is from the special industrial number of The Northern Miner. Mr. Cole writes:â€" Description of James Bay Area and Its Many Resources THE PORCUPINE ADVANCE, TIMMINS, ONTARIO The principal big game animals of |ing can be successfully carried on and the Hudson Bay region are moose, elk, ‘the area under cultivation can be exâ€" caribou, muskâ€"ox and deer. Fisheries In 1914 the Dominion Government sent out three parties to investigate the fisheries in Hudson and James Bays and tributary waters. The reports from these parties were uniformly favourable. Mr. Melville says "The whitefish industry will prove one of the greatest in Canada and with its development the other fisheries will become of immense value." Mr. Lower says, " It is not too much to predict that soun in the future the supply of fish that comes from the salt water of the north, will be as constant and as plentiful as that which at present is yielded by our great inland lakes." The fish caught and marketed in Canada from the Great Lakes in 1927 were valued at over three million dollars. tended almost indefinitely to meet the demands of the consuming market. The small herds of cattle which have been kept for many years at Moose Factory have shown that they thrive wonderfully on the marsh grass along the lowâ€"lying coast of James Bay. This opens up possibilities for a prosperous enterprise not usually associated with the Hudson Bay region. A government experimental farm esâ€" tablished at a point such as the T. N. 0. crossing at the Moose river would soon establish the best lines of agriculâ€" ture to follow. Tourist Traffic A source of revenue for the railway that is likely to prove very fruitful is the tourist traffic. With good hotel acâ€" commodation established at Moose Harbour and with a regular coastal 1670. This company, in its own interâ€" ests, was naturally opposed to colonizaâ€" tion, and this, in conjuction with the natural inaccessibility of the country, gives the reason for the meagreness of our knowledge of so large a part of our country. The value of pelts taken in Canada for the last few years will averâ€" age over $16,000,000 annually, and of this about oneâ€"third may be credited to the Hudsonâ€"Bay region. Although the furâ€"bearing animals of the region have been hunted and killed for their peltries for a great many years, few species, if any, have been exterminated. The fur trade is at present, as it has been for over 250 years, the most imâ€" portant industry throughout the Hudâ€" son Bay country. The early history of Canada is simply a history of the fur trade. The English used Hudson Strait to reach Hudson Bay, and from there spread west and south. The French utilized the St. Lawrence River, and it was only a matter of time until these rival interests met, and bloodshed freâ€" quently resulted. The Hudson‘s Bay Company (the Honourable Company of Mercharitsâ€"Adventurers ‘Trading into Hudson Bay) received its charter in The natural resources include fur and game, fisheries, forests (lumber, pulpâ€" wooad), minerals, water powers and agâ€" ricultural lands. The climate around James Bay may be classed as cold temperate, while to the north, towards Hudson Bay, it is subâ€"Arctic or Arctic. Spring begins in earnest at the south end of James Bay about the last week in April, and by the middle of May the rivers are usually free from ice and the snow is gone. The ice of James Bay moves soon after, and navigation of the bay by coastal vessels could begin by June 15th. Spring comes about five days later for every 75 miles travelled north. Coastâ€" al service could be continued for four to five months, until the rivers froze up again at the beginning of November. are similar to those of the wellâ€"known agricultural area further south. The natural resources that will supâ€" ply freight traffc is widely varied. Those along the new line are already known to be of considerable imporâ€" tance, but around Hudson and James Bays, owing to their previous comparâ€" ative inaccessibility, the possibilities cannote be known until a vast amount of exploration has been accomplished. The sparse population is composed of Eskimos, Indians and a few whites, in all about 3,000, dispersed in small groups or settlements along a coast line of 2,600 miles. The Temiskaming and Northern Onâ€" tario Railway already extends 97 miles north of Cochrane, the junction point of the Ontario and Dominion governâ€" ment lines, but there stilll remains an additional 91 miles to build to reach the tidewater harbour to Moose. The building of this line presents no serious difficulties. Construction is to be comâ€" menced at once, and the time set to reach Moose Harbour is the end of 1931. The topographical features of the line between Cochrane and Moose Harbour may be divided into three parts. Going north from Cochrane, the first 80 miles traverses a continuation of the Clay Belt from the south. This tract of country is on the James Bay slope, and has an average drop of five feet to the mile. Its characteristics North of this again for from five to fifteen miles the country is much broken and the fall more rapid, the grade being about 36 feet per mile. This is the Transition Belt, and is proving to be the great water power belt of the district. The last 100 miles to Moose Factory traverses what is known as the Coastal Plain. The slope to the sea is both regular and very gradual, showâ€" ing a gradient of only 3.4 feet to the mile. James Bay itself is for the most part shallow, the bottom of the bay being in reality simply a continuation of the Coastal Plain under the water. Mpose Harbour is not only ideally situated strategically, but it is the best natural harbour on the Ontarto coast to James Bay.. The harbour site is known to be readily capable of imâ€" provement to meet the needs of modern navigation. It will also make a very favourablyâ€"located fiying base. 800 miles further south. Living conâ€" ditions at Moose, insofar as climate is concerned, will be similar to those at Winnipeg. A second reason for the traflic coming through Moose is that this is the shortest and most direct route to the larger trade centres such as Toronto, Montreal and New York. Aeroplanes will be a great help in the earlier prospecting stages, but when ?an important find is made the railway and coastal vessels will be required. Waterpowers Within 100 miles of Moose Harbour are to be found attractive water power sites on the Abitibi, Mattagami and Missinaibi rivers, that will furnish about 250,000 h.p. In Quebec, water powers on the Harricanaw, Nottaway, Rupert and East Main rivers within 100 miles from the coust, are estimated to be capable of developing over 750,â€" 000 h.p. An abundance of power can therefore be made available for indusâ€" trial development at Moose and other points on James Bay. Agriculture # The northern limit of agriculture is Forte George at the mout of the Rig river on the east coast, within 60 miles of the northern limit of James Bay, where coarse grains and vegetables have been grown. Good crops of the harâ€" dier vegetables have been grown at Moose Factory for over 200 years The soil is clay, and, with drainage, large areas will become productive. Farmâ€" ing can be successfully carried on and the area under cultivation can be exâ€" tended almost indefinitely to meet the demands of the consuming market. A government experimental farm esâ€" tablished at a point such as the T. N. 0. crossing at the Moose river would soon establish the best lines of agriculâ€" ture to follow. The small herds of cattle which have been kept for many years at Moose Factory have shown that they thrive wonderfully on the marsh grass along the lowâ€"lying coast of James Bay. This opens up possibilities for a prosperous enterprise not usually associated with the Hudson Bay region. Iron, lead and copper deposits are already known, but the location of concentrations of these and other minerals await the influx of prospectors that will undoubtedly quickly follow the early opening up of the district by the completion of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway to tideâ€" water. The value attached to the country comprised in the Precambrian shield around Hudson Bay, lies already in the fact that it contains large unprospectâ€" ed areas of similar formation to those that contain the nickel and copper of Sudbury, silver of Cobalt, the gold of Porcupine and Kirkland Lake and the copper of Rouyn. Lignite. A good grade of lignite has already been located at Blacksmith Rapids on the Abitibi river. The bed averages 20 feet thick and already 60 million tons have been proven by drillâ€" ing and this amount is being added to by the further boring of two drills. This coal is of a grade similar to the Souris coal of Southern Saskatchewan and is capable of supplying most fuel needs with the possible exception of locomotive use. Fire Clay. Fire clays occur on the Abitibi, Mattagami and Missinaibi rivers, in beds varying in thickness up to 30 feet. They are of very high quality, but their extent is unknown. They are found at points 25â€"30 miles apart in an old Cretaceous lake bottom. The clays are of a refrectory bond type similar to those of Southern Saskatcheâ€" wan, New Jersey and Kentucky, and will prove useful for a wide variety of purposes including fireâ€"brick, stoneâ€" ware, pottery, sanitary porcelain, etc. Associated with the fire clay is some kaclin, silica sand, fine grained mica, and other minerals that may prove valuable byâ€"products. Other minerals that are found in the coast plain are peat, which might be used as a local fuel and Devonian limestones, some of which would be very useful for the manufacture of lime. Oil and gas are also possibilities. Gypsum. The gypsum deposits of the Moose river valley are of large exâ€" tent and of excellent quality. A conâ€" tinuous outcrop is known along the bank of the Moose river four miles in length ‘and from ten to twenty feet in depth above the water line, with the depth below the water line unknown. On the Cheepash river, which runs into the Mocoose from the north, there are Ssix miles of similar outcrop. The extenâ€" sion of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway will run over much of this material. The timber found in the district conâ€" sists mostly of spruce, pine, jack pine, poplar, balsam and birch, but of these, spruce is by far the most important, both for lumber and pulp. The banks of the rivers that flow into James Bay are fairly well wooded with merchantâ€" able timber and in the aggregate there is probably a very considerable amount of timber and pulp wood that could be floated to the Bay. The strategic points at which to collect this timber and pulp wood, are near the mouths of the rivers where they would have triâ€" butary to them the entire watersheds of the respective rivers. | Minerals The mineral deposits of the Hudson Bay region may be divided into those of the coastal plain adjacent to the proposed extension and those ‘accessible from the shores of Hudson and James Bays. The coastal plain minerals include the following: Lignite, gypsum, fire clay china clay, silica sand, peat, limestone and iron, with a possibility of oil and Forests The timber line runs northwest from Churchill on the west coast of Hudson Bay to the mouth of the Mackenzie river, and on the east coast of Hudson Bay from Richmond Gulf northeast to the Atlantic Ocean. North of this line even scrub timber does not grow, except in some of the river valleys. "To our way of looking at this quesâ€" tion, the appointment of a separate department to guard the settlers‘ inâ€" interests in a matter which the Norâ€" thern members should be asked to deal with. The local member is the interâ€" mediary between the people and the Department, and he has always reâ€" garded the discharge of this duty as his perogative. If the Northern memâ€" bers decide that the work of more fully guarding the settlers‘ interests can best be done under a new department let them make a recommendation to The New Liskeard Speaker makes some comments last week on the recent meeting of the settlers at Cochrane. In reply to one part of The Speaker‘s comment it may be noted that the members of the legislature for this secâ€" tion have already been consulted in the matter. It will be found that in this end of the North they will give full support of the proposals made. As The Speaker‘s own article suggests the proâ€" blems in Temiskaming are different to those in North and South Cochrane. In Temiskaming there is no longer the difficulty of clearing the land. It may make the difference clear to say that Temiskaming now has farmers, rather than settlers. Up at this end the settâ€" lers are still pioneering. Temiskamâ€" ing has roads; Cochrane needs roads. The people of Temiskaming may well remember their own earlier difficulties and give support to any proposals that may minimize the handicaps of the settlers in the area farther north. The following are The Speaketr‘s comments:â€" "The conclusions arrived at by the Farmers at the meeting held in Cochâ€" rane, as referred to under a separate heading in this issue, were (1) The formation of a separate department by the Government to "guard the interâ€" ests of the settlers"; and (2) the adopâ€" tion of a bonusing system for clearing land. passenger service on the Bays, this country will likely appeal to a large number of tourists as well as to prosâ€" pectors, fishermen, engineers and huntâ€" COMMENTS ON MEETING OF sSETTLERS AT COCHRANE "We suggest that the Northern Memâ€" bers of the Legislature should meet and fully discuss every phase of all matters affecting the Northland, and forward to the Minister of Lands and Forests the conclusions they may arrive at. EB AL An All Rich in body and delicate as blossoms in its Havour <4 JAPAK TEA > ‘Fresh from the gardens‘ THE ROWNTREE CO,. LIMITTED, TORONTO EGGIE is frignttully bucked up. Not a moment ago, what with a flat tire and all, he had murder in his heart for Cadmus, or the Phoenicians, or whoever it was that invented automobiles. One taste of Rowntree‘s York Milk and he‘ll probably burst into song. York Milk is like that. Try it yourself, next time you have a blowâ€" out. Notice how delicious is its perfectly blended flavourâ€"how smoothly it melts away in your mouth. But be sure you ask for Rowntree‘s York Milk Chocolate, the bar that sets a new standard of milk chocoâ€" late goodness,. No other has jus#that perfect favour. ("After all, dear, the tire‘s only flat on the bottorm," says Angele.) "AMiso in the matter of giving bonuses for landâ€"clearing the Quebec pian should be investigated by a committee of competent men, and report thereon should be made to the Minister. "If it be decided to experiment with the landâ€"clearing scheme, then it is fitting that Cochrane, the youngest of the Northern districts, should be selected for the purpose. "However, Temiskaming‘s problem is not that of landâ€"clearing but of gettâ€" ing a market for our farmers‘ products. The Department of _ Agriculture, through the local representative, Mr. Nixon, is working hard in the hope of solving this difficult problem in this district." Collingwood Saturday Newsâ€"The town of Blenhem has hit upon nove! method of gaining some return for the relief work "which nearly every town finds necessary during the winter months. The mayor has issued form of 1.O.U. to be signed by all applicants for relief before the town coffers are opened to them. The agreement reâ€" quires that the values of the goods be returned to the municipality by August next. This is sort of mortgaging the future and as such does not appeal to our idea of dealing with those requiring assistance. The procedure in Collingâ€" wood evolved largely from the idea of Councillor Patterson and given effecâ€" tive effect through assistance rendered by Chief of Police Portland strikes us as preferable. It is to provide work for a portion of each week and pay thereâ€" for in cash. This leaves the men their dignity and treats them as employees. The men give labor in the ordinary way, and the town receives a return, in our case, much needed crushed stone for road construction. the Minister to this effect assuming ful!l responsibility for so doing. T41