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But even. yet. the churches are not safe. The beautiful old building, de- Nowadays. the British know how to fight the incendiary bomb. Volunteer fire watchers are always on the look- out for bombs. They have the simple equipment to render bombs hmmless before they can develop heat. In London and other badly bombed cities. it is obvious that most of the damage was done by incendiary bombs. They are small and light. I brought parts of one home with me. It is cylindrical. not over two inches in diameter and about a foot longâ€"some- thing; like a fat Roman candle. The head is flat. not pointed like the tip of a high explosive bomb. That is the heavy end. The tail has fins on it to keep the bomb upright as it falls. Dropped from a height of 10.000 feet or so. an incendiary bomb will penetrate through a slate roof or the fender of a car. leaving a small hole. It will not go through a brick wall. The bomb ig- nites two minutes after it strikes and develops a flame aid to have a tem- perature of about 5.000 degrees. A large bomber might carry thousands of in- cendiaries and drop them out literal- ly by the ton. It is true it is so obvious to a Cana- dian in England that it seems uncanny until one knows the reasons. I have been asked hundreds of ques- tiorx; about bomb damage. Perhaps other readers woul like to know a few of the answers. It is true. for instance, that churches are almost invariably destroyed and ,mportant factories escape? I think London looked much as I had expected to find it. I did not expect to see such a large area east of St. Paul’s Cathedral so thoroughly laid waste. In two other areas. both south of the river, the damage struck me as ter- ribte. It both cases it was little hous- es by thes core that had suffered, which seemed to me worse than old of- fice buildings or ancient landmarks. That was szmply because there must have been so much loss of life: as for the houses themselves. some of them are. better gone and the buildings that replace them will improve these dis- triets. “my Churches are Burned on the people oi England is too large to dismiss in a few sentences. It is, or has been. the most important feature of the war since Dunkirk. London has been seriously bombed. The raids on the city began more than a year ago and continued until April or May. 1941. When daytime bombing be- came too costly for the Germans, the enemy turned to night bombing, which cannot be so effective in hitting spec- tacular targets. Since early summer. the night raids on London have stop- ped. Hitler no longer has the planes to spare; the RAF. has command of the air over Britain and around the coast; inland defences are more numerous and better organized. Air raids con- tinue, but they are mostlv along the eastern and southern coart. In a previous story, I told something about the bomb damage in London. The subject of bombing and its results This is the lifth of a series of ar- tieles aholt conditions in Gmt Brit~ an and other countries vbited by a group of Canadian newspaper editors. It was written {or the weekly news- papers at Canada by their special re- presentative on the delegation, Hugh Templin, o! the Perm News-Record. PAGE 6 Here and there. I saw the damage done by bombs. In the great Wectmln- ster Hall, where the bodies of the kings lie in state. workmen were repairing a On one of our first day in London, the editors were conducted through the Houses of Parliament by two interest- ing and humorous guides, Lord Snell, representing the House of Lords, and Sir Patrick Hamon from the House of Commons. They took us even into the basement rooms where Guy Fawkes stored the gunpowder to blow up Parl- iament centuries ago. and into the underground chapels where Cromwell stabled his horses to show his con- tempt for the institution of parliament. The chapels are lovely. There is no longer any horsey smell. It sounds mystifying. Actually, it is simple. The cartoonists love to show a man or building so camouflaged that .it looks ludicrous. That is actually what happens. At night, these facto- ries hterally cannot be found. Some of the Bomb Damage It is impossible to mention many of the buildings that have been damaged, but I might list a few, By this time. the streets have all been repaired, rail- ways are in full operaion, and there is little or no sign of bomb damage in the railway stations. The docks, which must have suffered, are in operation again. Barges, drawn by tugs, are con-i tinually going up and down the‘ Thames at Westminster. I saw a con- voy going out of the mouth of the 'Ihames one day that I visited the East Coast. As I said before, all the bridges over the Thames escaped damage. still makes the famous fighting planes which the R. C. A F uses It was pointed out to me by a ferry pilot, who was go- ing to the factory to take a new plane to a fighter station. Above the factory floated a group of barrage balloons, an unusual Slght away from the large me that the Germans had never found it. {signed by Christopher Wren and other v. great architects, have slate roofs. In- side the building is another false roof, often or lead. The incendiary goes through the slate but hasn’t force enough to penetrateuhe second roof. Before it can be reached, it has ex- ploded and started a fire. Sometimes, there was an oak ceiling as well. No matter how faithful the watchers at {churches might be, it was impossible to lrip off the slates and the lead in time ito reach the bombs. . gine, of 1,5000 h ..p or so. It is several shes lrcm the nearestc ity. Every pre- :cauticn has been taken to see that 8. Lamb dropping nearby won’t affect the people inside. If one makes a direct hit, a series of blast walls will minimize the damage. But there has never been a direct hit. The story of the factories and the production of war material is some- thing else again. It is literally true that many of the important ones have never been bombed. I saw a great aero engine factory in the Midlands, built since the war started. It was undoubt- cly the finest factory I ever saw. It was built by a large automobile com- pmy solely for the production of radial Factories Have. Really Escaped It wacn’t that churches were delib- erately attacked. Everything was at- tacked. It was simply a matter of the way the churches were built. the editors had bro'ught from London. My eyes were moist and I thought the Chief wiped away a tear. Two days later, Prime mnister Churchill visited Coventry and asked about the wreath. Hethmhtitssplendidideanndthe nextday, twommarrivedtophoebul Major Christie, of St. John, N. 3., moved through the rubble with the Provost of the Cathedral and laid on A few minutes later, I stood amid the rubble in the ruins of Coventry Cathedral. On one side stood Mrs. Hyde and on the other, Captain 8, A. Hetor, Chief of Police. Both, I learned later, are members of the Order of the British Empire because of heroic ser- vices performed. . Later. I understood. Mayor Mosley welcomed us in a room which had a model tank, symbols of greater pro- uction. Mrs. Pearl Hyde, head of the Women’s Voluntary Services told me that many people of Coventry were c10thed in Canadian garmentS, and they had been fed for days from fleets of mobile 'canteens, donated to cities around by various Canadian war funds. Canada ranks high in the estimation of Coventry. Coventry’s city hall remains almost untouched on the border of acres or ruins. The car in which I was riding was the last to drive up to the door. A curious crowd mostly women with market baskets, had gathered. As I stepped out, I heard someone ask: “Who are they?” I answered: “Can- adians.” The nearest woman with a basket over her arm responded, to my surprise, with, “God bless Canaa!” We drove from London to Coventry one fine September morning. The Brit- ish Council supplied us with cars that had Canadian ensigns on the radiators. I admired the beautiful English coun- tryside and wondered at the patience of the British farmers, cutting their second crop of hay in fields dotted with plane traps. It wasn‘t until I visited Coventry that I realized how bad a concentratt- ed bombing can be. Coventry was (and is) an industrial city about the size of Hamilton, Ontario. Twice the Germans concentrated the full might of thier air force on Coventry in an attempt to demonstrate just what they could do. To some extent. they succeeded: but they did not stop production to such an extent as they had hoped and they did not terrify the people. They did not even kill as many as one would expect. Coventry Has Suffered Most It surprised me. to find many Lon- doners still sleeping in air raid shel- ters after four months of immunity from bombing. I visited the great “Underground" station at Piccadilly Circus twice during my stay, Some 300 people were still sleeping there, but they seemed to hem ostly men and wo- men who had been bombed out of their own home and preferred the semi independence of this life rather than being billeted with strangers. ' It seems impossible that St. Paul’s. ’Cathedral should have survived when all the area behind 'lt is bare and ’dreary. I visited the cathedral and‘ 5found only one large hole in the roof,‘ imade by a high explosive bomb that sshattered the altar beneath. Again it fwas explained that the roof structure! {supplied the answer, The incendiarles' bounced off the great dome and the [arched roof. Flreengines and the fight- g [ers are massed all the time in the [square in front of the cathedral. l At Buckingham Palace, only one small building has been hit, but the iron fence is being removed to be used to make munitions. Many stores on Ox- for and Regent streets have suffered. Tenants in rich apartments in the West End have lost everything they owned just as thoroughly as the poor in the dock areas. though not such a large proportion. perhaps. per ever missed a single edition. The editor of one of Lord Beaverbrook’s pa- pers told me that £75,000 had been spent to protect the two buildings he owns in that area. I saw the results. The record of the newspapers is re- markable, but no more amazing than the attitude of the people at large. It is said that it was great help to morale when a householder came to his front door after a night of terror, and found both the daily paper and the bottle of milk on the doorstep. F'leet street. with most of the daily newspaper offices grouped together, suffered much, yet not one daily pa- If Westminster Abbey was hit, the damage must have been repaired, 1- though one portion was closed on the Sunday afternoon I visited it. and one face were damaged but the clock still goes. The worst damage is in the House of Commons chamber itself. It simply; does not, exist any longer. There is no! roof, and only a pile of rubble andI twisted girders marks» the spot where many a great debate has taken place. Yet, strangely enough, the rooms a- round it are almost untouched. St. Paul’s and Westminster Abbey broad hole in the roof where a bomb' came through. Big Ben has almost es-* caped. One corner of the clock tower! THE DURHAM CHRONICLE That afternoon, before we left to vis- it a bomber station, a dainty young lady served tea to a dozen editors. I asked if she lived in Coventry during the raids. She did. She wasn't in a shelter either. It was her turn that night to be on Air Raid Patrol, She travelled through those streets with flames and death all around and the sky full of enemies. She was terrified. she admitted, but she never thought of taking shelter. Anyway, she had no home to go to that night; one of the first bombs got it. The buildings which made up the business section are gone, and so are many of the houses. The hospital and the Cathedral and the Roman Catholic church are but shells. But amazingly enough, only 1246 persons were killed in both raids, and I saw with my own eyes the war factories going again at full speed. But they did’nt. even though they sent over 600 planes to bomb 1115; hours in the moonlight and even though they had immense luck, for the large water main was broken by high explosives and three lucky shots hit the canal bank and drained away the secondary water supply. A visit to Coventry now is depressing. Here, it would seem, the German Luft- waffe really succeeded. The buildings in the heart. of Cov- entry are literally wiped out, in two great raids, one in November, 1940, and the other in April. 74,000 houses out of a total of 91,000 in Coventry were da- maged, “It was a beautiful moonlight night,” said Mayor Mosley,“ the mosr beautiful I think I ever saw in my life." side our own, one from Winston Chur- chill, the other from Mrs. Churchill. Mr, and Mrs. Davxd Lamb and sun, Roy, of Aberdem visited Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. Fred Torry. Pte. George Porter and Veteran Guardman Philip McDonald were home for the week-end. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Kaufmann and suns. Alvin and Kenneth, Hanover, vis- ited Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. Doug. Hastie. Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Adlam of Callander spent the holiday with Mr. William Adlam and family; they also entertained to Christmas dinner, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Adlam, Miss Ada Reay. Mr. Alfred Redford and daugh- ter, Miss Eva Redford of town. Messrs. Kenneth and Lloyd McCuaig of Toronto spent Christmas at their home here. Mr. Robert McDuffy and Mrs. Cath- erine McDuffy, Collingwood, Mr, and Mrs. John Wilkson and daughters, Jean and Irene and Mr. Clarence Mc- Causland of Heathcote, Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Hvastie, Elmwood, were Christ- You can’t defeat people like that Miss Margaret Lunney of Toronto; was a Christmas guest of Rev and! Mrs. Saunders and family. Mr. and Mrs. Howard McCallum, and daughters, Jean and Mary of Aberdeen spent Sunday at the home of Mrs. Ful- ton, Miss Jean remaining over for the holiday. numbers and carols by the pupils. The closing number, which is most worthy of mention was a sacred sketch, en- titled, “The Tired Little Shepherd" presented by a. number of senior boys. At the close of the pogmmme the superintendent distributed gifts to the various classes. There was candy for ment was held in the Baptist church on Monday evening, Dec. 22, and was greeted by a full house. Rev. C. Saun- ders was chairman. The beginners and tiny tots were very pleasing in their various numbers. The programme con- the children present. Guard’ ', and' aémofithzfons 3f the latest The most modern of eqyjpment and arms .AJ,’ Au! 1 BRITAIN’S “HOME GUARD” STUDIES TANKS It will pay you to advertise in , The Chronicle. Mr. Elgin Petty and Mr. Wilfred Marshall returned to Toronto Sunday. Visitors with Mr. and Mrs. D. Mar- shall and Mr, and Mrs. Howard Mar- shall were: Mr. and Mrs. A. Aberdeln and family of Flesherton, Mr. and Mrs. I. Ferguson and family of Egremont and Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Dyer, Christ- mas Day. Visitors with Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Marshall Christmas Day were: Mr. and Mrs. Lelth and daughter of Priceville. Mr. and Mrs. C. Bates and baby of Shelburne, Mr, and Mrs. Hillis of Han- over and Mr. and Mrs. Wilfred Mar- shall of Toronto. The Young Women’s Auxiliary of Knox church, Normanby. meet this Friday, January 2, at the home of Mrs. J. M-archall. A euchre party was held at the home of Mr. J_ Petty Friday evening. Mr. and Mrs. James Picken spent Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. D. Lawrence and Ileen. Christmas visitors with Mr. James Petty and Miss Florence were° Piper D. Robertson and Mrs. Robertson, of Owen Sound, Mr. and Mrs. H. Brigham and daughter, Mr, and Mrs. Wilbert Petty of Dundalk, Mr. and Mrs. Car- man Wilson and Mr. Elgin Petty of To- ronto. Visitors with Mr. and Mrs. W, Picken were Miss Maud Cuff f Toronto, Mrs. Dewar and Mr. Ashley of Southampton. Mr. and Mrs. Charles McAlister and daughter, Mary Elizabeth, spent Christmas with Mr. and Mrs. B. Mor- lock and family in Holstein. Mr, and Mrs. Arthur Lawrence spent Christmas day with the Smallman family. Those who ate Christmas dinner with Mr, and Mrs. Andrew Stewart and Arthur were Mr. and Mrs. C. Erskine and daughter, Markdale, and Mr. and Mrs. D. Lawrence and daughter. Eileen and Mr. and Mrs. George Stewart. Mr. William Smith spent Christmas with his daughter, Mrs. C. H. Browne of Chesley. Mr, and Mrs. W. H. Smith and Mary Elizabeth were Christmas visitors with Mr. and Mrs. L. Man Rocky Saugeen. Miss M. B. Morrison, Owen Sound. Messrs. Clark Morrison, Kirkland Lake and John Morrison, Oshawa, were Christmas visitors with their mother, brother and sister. Mr. and Mrs. M. A. Vasey and chil- dren were Christmas visitors with Mrs. Vasey's parents at Kemlworth. Mr, and Mrs. A. Livingstone and Shirley spent Christmas with Mrs, Al- Mr. and Mrs. W. Schildroth, Toronto, visited over the, week-end with rela- tives. Mr. and Mrs. A. D. MacIntyre and Bobby spent Christmas with Mr. and Mrs. R, L. Aitchison, Williamsford. Mlss Mary MacIntyre, Toronto, spent the Christmas week-end wtih her par- l’on lar 11 ill Dornoch are beng isgqed _to the British “Home RIBUTOR! ADD us: on. men ounces 15. The meeting opened with 17mm 165 Joy to the World followed : the Lord's Prayer in unison. The 5(‘Lz3t112‘e lesson was read by Mrs. Rus ~11 101' A Quiz on Job was com. m m- Florence Patterson. Hymn 168 \‘:\ ile Shepherds Watched their FM by Night was sung and topic on Jr :) was taken by MR. Young. The offers» was taken and the meeting clowi \xlih hymn 179, followed by the U :u-(im- Road maps tell a motorist mpw-zhmg he wants to know except 110v. '.~ 301d them upmm The meeting of the Dromon- Yum-9' People’s Society was held at ”11‘ Anne of Mr. and Mrs. Findlay Clark or: 1*)«10. Mr. Randall Lamont. Oshaxxxz. and Miss Esther Lamont, Mount 1- no. spent the holiday and Week-(3n: at their home here. Mr. Cliff Rogers, Orangeu’lh. gun‘. the week-s-nd at Mr. Bert Hmm: ,~ Mr. and Mrs. Burt. Fexgwm; and family attended the reception I» Lci m honour of Mr. and Mrs. Art 11.. a: the home of the bride‘s parents u; lia‘l- stein on Christmas night. Miss Bessie McDugall vimzm on Monday at. Mr. Alf Amott's. k) «awn. 1 Misses Gertie, Vivian and 1311:1111; QKIem. Guelph. Mr. and Mr» 1111;11:- Padfield, Hamilton; Mr. and Mr . A. 1 :tin Tott, Fort Erie; Mr. and .13». 'George Robb and Alvin, Fairi)...:':1 :11 lMr. James Klein’s. Mr. and Mrs. William McDou;_.y.:Il .m family at Mr. Hazel ROSS’S. Mom; Fwy est. Mr. and Mrs. William Org-114:4; mo spending a few days this week 1:: ;«.:~- Mr. Lloyd Orchard, Trenton. .11” Ella Orchard, Toronto, and a n a :.(i from Guelph. Mrs. John 02:}; ..~‘:. Mount Forest. at Mr. William (J:- chard’s. Those attending Chrismas gal‘n \ out of the neighborhood were 31: .mi Mrs. William [amour and 132114;: at Mr, Sam Peckover's. Mount Pom Mr. and Mrs.WalLer Fcrgusrrx family of North Egremont (111:: Marguerite McEachem, T011417 Mrs. Edith McEachem's. Mr. and Mrs, J. Mather, L‘un; ma Harry, Holstein, Mr. Bert Malina, 'r‘ .. A ‘11 - at Mr. James Mather‘s. Mr. and Mrs. John McBridv. tsp... Road and Mrs. Ethel McDougall .- in}: Joseph McEachern’s. Mr. Ross McDougall went to Guelpn on Monday to attend a Short mum‘ at the GAO. Visitors attending family gazhrriugs in the neighbourhood on Christmas Day were no. and Mrs. Lorne 011mm and Grant and Mrs. Rice, Moum Fm- est. Mr. and Mrs. William A;u<'()1‘11, Riverside. Mr. and Mrs. We», Hm and Hunter’s. family, Woodland, Mr. and Mrs. Um- “e WOOds, Hamilton, ”1'. MO”! 3‘ Hm]- ter, Misses Berniece McMaHiu ma Lorene Rae, Toronto at My 1;« ,1 Airway: a. thé as”? “mgr: daeot that modern ucicnce has «stated - i; cut: down over 4A- ‘ DROMORE Y. P. S. AIRWAYS ro] on Monday. January 5. Shower let for Camp Borden. THE JANUARY MEETING 0 ham Women’s Institute will at the hane of Miss Margaret ATTENTION. Slums! ALL INTERESTED IN TH Club please be at thv dub 1‘. Bundly next. Jan. 4. Junior II are also welcome. BOLID BRICK Horsrt Town, with good minim Cnd soft water: good 10‘ ‘cell cheap to quir'or mm: JOHN AMEN Auctioneer. Crew and Brm promptly attnndod tn. Sal nurunteed. TN‘mS «m am Phone Allan Park Central 9 r 5' over. R. R. 2. P. O. 5 FRANK G. l-‘OSTIZ‘, Barrister. Etc. Successor to W I). m Durham Oflicv. L'aidlnw I Owen Sound Office. 823 221.3 tars applv Chron. 19 O; 1. ll. Mach'ARRIIZ. l Initiator. Solicitar. Notary Lunbton Sheet Dmhan HOLSTEIN -â€" I’ll! In Durham Wed. and Ha: Ollce in Kinnee Bldg. - W. PIERCE Ill.” VMnnry Medicine. Sm'gor; Prompt. courteous and eflw: In. Street. South FOR SALE ()R R DB. 0. M. YOUNG. M Physician and Sure Special attention {.0 diaunc ml surgery, diseases 01 children. Oflice and Residvncr it} Q: Parsonage. Phone 59. Durm v r vw-V' v 7' v Guuddys) . 1.1.. sulfa-".3..- nil Chloe and resndeuce at u came.» and Lumnwn SUI yours: 0 go 11 3.111., 1.30 to Olflce and residence a s can of The Ram House. 8cm, Lower Town, Dur‘ hours. 2m 5 p.m.. 7 to 9 A l DR. F. I). CONN] Physician and Sun Omtuxa Street. Durham DI. W. C. PICKERING. I O_fllce oven Royal Bank DURHAM CLEN A. R0“’l§. I “an‘istnr and Solioito Office: Garahaxa Sn'a DURHAM â€"-â€" ONTA pm. (Sundays (excepted. l with ULTRA VIOLET and ULTRA SHORT C. G. I: BESSIE Mai-IL Chiropractors DB. IRWIN (‘AMl’Bl-Jl Physician um Sum Office Over Royal Hours: 2 to 4.30 PM. 7 fit or convenience of I or number of persons~1 N. and it will be treat; I! no instructions accq notice advising us whom it to. it will be charged 1 non phoning or sending Advertisements orderq lertlon "until forbidden" lent without “’11th 11 Will appear until written received {or their discont FRANK IRWIN. Editor DRS. JAMIESON J Illnllnmn charge 25¢, order: 36c. If charged. nation extm 11 Chronic vice k med. Every advance now kind. where the object A; DR. ’ F.6RANT.ID1 Telephone 1‘2 ¢ DENT/1 L DIREC 7" LEGAL I )l RIJC'TU Adverti: ‘IE'l)ICA [J 1),}; CLASSIF AUCTIONEERS NOTIC ES “(‘HIROPRACTI‘ And by Appoint VETERIA'AII) DURHAM. Om IN