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men: the eall that brought thousands into California; that took thousands up into the Yukon; to the deserts of Nevada, and to the other ends of the earth. The Jesuits its First Explorers. Hitherto l'ngava. or. as it should now he called, “New Quebec." has been noted for nothing but ffurs. and own this was a very quiet sort of fame. In 1700 the farthest rivers in Unqava were known to the fearless Jesuit missionaries and the wander- ine coureurs des hois. A century lat- er the Hudson's Bay Company and the Northwest Trading Company had pushed their rival posts far into the north. and l'ngava was traversed from end to end with the trails of the fur traders. But the Knowwlge wliieh these traders held .I'U'lfit‘lblng this eountry died with them -~r \«ith their ehildren. When the great. rival fur eompanies amalgamated in 1920 they agreed to forego l'ngava. They abandoned their posts in the ’zver~ ‘ior. and for the past ~~inety years only an oeeasional white man has ventured where the old trails :‘zin. ()ueliee before she Obtained the (ul- ditiou to her territory measured 351,873 square miles; l'ng'ava adds to this another Il:'y;'),000 square miles. Included with this are six thousand ludians and Eskimos and lzetwwn twenty and thirty white men. 't‘his is not a great acquisition, on the sum face. but the new territory has ros- sibilities. It may one day pmre n. be a great source of wealth to the Province of Quebec. And in the meantime it is a Challenge to the yenturesome; it is a mysterious af- fair from which Quebee may draw great thingsâ€"or nothing. Every one knows that l'ngava is not prepossessing in appearance. From the shores of Hudson Bay the country climbs upward in a series of gradual steps~ancient sea beaches which mark the slow retreat of a desolate sea from a country still more desolate. On the east the land .falls away almost sheer into the At- lantic down the forbidding clifls and m-ans "'l'he lMstant Place." the. “Far Away." or. in the language of the Norseman, “llelluland”~the “Land oi-Flat Stones." But Ifngava has been redeemed from orphanage. It has found a fos- ter parentâ€"the motherly Province of Quebec. More than this, it has achieVed puhlieity. Its name has suddenly come to have a significance in the ears of hard-lu-mled Canadian business men. Men speak of gold and diamonds in connection with this melancholy land. Venturesome spir- its are going the rounds of Montreal and Toronto business oilices raising' funds for expeditions into the inter- ior of this grim fastness. Shares are heim: sold in exploration concerns and “zrruh stakes" are being arrang- ed hy former Cohalt speculators. The hard horizon of llngava is calling with that old call which has so oft- en found response in the hearts of men; the call that. brought thousands into California; that took thousands up into the Yukon; to the deserts of Since the world began there have been neglected places. and there alo ways will be. In Canada we have thousands at square miles of terri- tory which haVe not yet been open- ed up. which await the coming of the railway and the implement agent and the general store. Most ol‘ these places are in the path of progress, and as civilization rolls slowly weat- ward and northward the day of their redempzjon cvmm nearer. l’ngava alone has seemed hopeless. lfngava lies, like a damaged tri- angle. along the north boundary of Quebec. Its west side lies in Hudson Bay; its cast shore sits Solemnly watchim: the icehergs moVimr in stately procession down from Green- land into the path of the North At- lantic steamers. Its northerly cor- ner. hisrh and hleak. is thrust to- ward the North Pole. Across the her. high and bleak. is thrust to- ward the North Pole. Across the Hudson Straits. llaflin Island lies, similarly bleak and inhospitable. Centuriefi ago the explorers from Europe sailed in past Father Point and up as far m Mmm'val. Civiliza- tion was planted in North America. and up as far :14 .\lnnt:'z-al. CiViliza- tinn was planted in North America. Wars were cmnnn-nvml and ended. 'l‘rihes fled farthen West and north {rum-the white man. Natiunn sprang up and railways \‘inlated the wilder- ness. Canada grew from a starveling eoluny to a great nationâ€"Jinn al- 'ay.~z to (me side lay l'ng-ava. which, in the tongue of the l'mrava Indians, m-yans ”The Distant. Place." the “Far Away," or. in the language of the Norseman. “Hellnland”~- the rBief Account of a Portion of Canada Hitherto Unknown and Uninhabited UNGAVA-GREAT UNKNOWN [8 NOW IN HANDS OF TIRELESS PROSPECTOR Vast rivers of caribou there are-â€" ten or fifteen miles from “shore to shore." and taking days to pass a given point; herds beyond countingâ€" a hundred thousand, two hundred thousand. perhaps half a million. hrowsing,r animals. There is no lack of water trans- port. in 'lfngava during the short summer time. Fully one-quarter of the country's total area is made up of lakes and streams. A man may follow the Manikuagan through Que- lmu to its rise near the l'ngava lmumlary, and continue by the Kan- iapiskau and the Koksoak right to Fort, Chimo and l'ngava Bayâ€"might hundred or a thousand miles. It is quite easy to do thisâ€"on the map; in actual practice there are difficul- ties For the best equipped expediâ€" tions. blessed with the best of luck, trawl in l'ngava must always he a slow and hazardous husiness. The lig Government expedition under Dr. \. l’. I.ow--â€"admirably equipped and .-.dmirably conductedâ€"in four years of travel, by canoe, dog team, and ‘. foot. cover-ml only some 4,500 files. A man may explore Ungava .r season after season and see no more of the country than a mileâ€" wide strip along a lew' hundred miles of waterway. (iold may be glitterâ€" int.r in the safe seclusion of one val- lev while he is vainly chipping the rocks of the next. Four expeditions at leastâ€"and ru- mor adds another half dozenâ€"are preparing to start for Ungava. There are; in fact. all the signs of an in- eipient “rush." “Old Klondikers" and “Porcupine veterans" are confid- inz to sundry reporters their know- ledge of deep secrets in a loud tone of voice; Various unidentified parties [ .\rcti_r temperature as Well. .\'ut that there are no trees; lamava presents l quite a formidable list of ‘indigen- ous arboreai plants." but most of lthem are hampered by some qualify- l im: condition. 'l'here are l'cdar. tam- larack, and black spruce. but in dis- ‘mal patches. l‘Ivi-n the black spruce loses all heart in the struggle at about titty-sixth degree. and from the “semibarrens,” with.their clumps of starveling trees and dense under- growth of dwarf birch ‘Itud willow. the country merges into the “bar- rens.” where nevi-r a green leaf (lut- tels in the wind. 'I‘n heap misery upon misery. l.'n- gava's scant forests have suffered woefully from forest. tires. ln' the twenty or thirty years previous to MU?) quite hall theyountry's forest areas were swept out of existence. (m-r hundreds of square miles the verv soil itself was burned away, and the thick. hardy spruce has been miserably replaced by a weak sec- ond growth of birch and popular. Moss is the only thiner which can be said to flourish in Ungava. Lichen charitably covers the hills and high- er rocks; the vallevs are carpeted with thick moss. Moss, indeed, means everything to ITngava, since it is the food for Countless thousands of caribou. Every fall and every spring them make their migrations smith and north. In the lee Age a great glacier oov- ercd this land and scoured the flesh from its bones. Some of the soil it scraped into the Atlantic to form the “Banks" which parallel the coast; most.of the rest. in its irresistible prozress sunthwanl, it carried away to fertilize. Ontario and the Middle Western States. The whole country hears the scars of this tremendous glacial scouring. The rounded hills testify tn the ice which planed away their angles; everywhere are clacial "striac" â€"-~ scratches in the rock which mark the direction of the ice stream like arrows on a weather chart. In some places greatfurrows are plowed in the rock where some long demolished lioulder has acted as an engraving tuul under the un- imaeinahle ice pressure from abm'e. What mil was left. behind is “gla- mountain sides uf Labrador. The in‘ terior is one past rolling plateau. pitted with sullen lakes, slashed by the shallow valleys of innumerable streams and crossed by lumpy ridges of low, rnund-toppcd hills. irnarinahlc im- pressure from abm'e. What mil was loft. behind is “glu- t'ial till"- ‘3 mixture uf smut :nul vlay~dh+henrtenEng to the hczn‘ticst mt" plants even in a reasonably tum- pcruto climate. Few of them can rope with'the sterility of till and an (icnerally speaking. l'ngava is of the 'ame geological formation as most of noithexn (1111:.1d1. Its rocks are lluronian and lxceuatin. and in lluronian and Keewatin rocks there 1is .1lu .ns :1 possihilih of gold. (lold, iin f:°.ut is almost certain to be pre- Went. but no: necessa1ily in quantiâ€" Ities either paying: or even percept- iihle. l’lacer gold is almost certain I not to he there. for the reason that the l'ngava glacier either scraped lthe ancient valleys hare or buried ‘lllt'm heneath their own Slll'l'ulllltlllli: hilltops. l’1l1cer deposits are formed hy the slow concentration of gold from surroundim: rocks into a river bed or valley. This process extends oVer an alu‘nst uniinaginale period of time. In the Yukon, for example, .1. ll. 'l‘yrrell has shown that the narrow “pay streak” was the result of concentration extending,r over any- where from three to tire million years. In other words, to produce the 10.000.000 ounces of gold which were taken out of the Klondike plac- ers it was necessary for the ‘gratlual action of rain and weather to de- compose rock to a thickness of 900 'leet over a watershed of 8‘00 square miles-«ISM cuhic miles of rockâ€"and to: wash the gold thus liberated into one place-11 placer. This represents an :iverage amount of gold in the original rock of about .013 cents to theton, and the presence of gold is not perceptible till it runs twenty cents to the ton. if there were once placers in l'nâ€" gram the glacier has certainly re- 111mm] them. The Klondike placer ooh escaped because it occupied a Tnarrz w strip oi nnglaci ated country. lln a land so completely scoured as ll'ngaxa there is scarcely any hope of loose gold having: escaped the re- .lentless ice; and since the Ice Age ' was a mere geological tr, fle of ten or fifteen thousand years ago, there has been no time for the formation .of fresh placers. ’ The second part). numbering twem ty, is to paddle and portage up the Mistauinni and down the Rupert or East Main River. and to scatter up‘ ‘and down the shores of Hudson Ba) 23nd its tributary streams. These an {the people who hope to find dia- ! monds. Cannot magni ed the aged 1 large a few . Knuth aminh .\'m' is there any hope. say the geo- logists, of finding: the gold that the. glzu‘ier ('(‘mx'eyed away. Even a rich deposit of l0,0.‘~'0,()0() ounces is a small thingyâ€"perhaps a fair-sized room in” Hl gold duet- and when this has been churned up with all the nther material the glacier gath- ered up en route. and when it has :11. been distributed over a million or so square milesnf territory, one may pretty well give up hope of finding m mzmv “.\lnuntziym-s nf uuldc" to tlw nn-I'jnyvd :Idw-nturm‘s. [H'U‘-'l'll tn lw ('uu'ojumvtl of wm'thlvm farms of lead: and all the tuns of “black stuttv” whit'h (Jul-on Hess kept under l'uur lurks in the innermost. strong- hnld nl' Hriwtnl (‘zistlv did nut Con? min onmmh gold to save the (‘zitlmy ('nmpzmv from bankruptcy. It. is not fair to any that the-ru- murs ul' gold and diamonds which today make Unguvu the object of wall-equipped “exploration and min- im: cumpanivs" are as ldll' as thosv that caused losses centuries ago. But geologists and minvrulouists are skoptival. it. am contemplating imposaiblo "on:- land dashes" with dog: or float; even the inevitable individuals who are to sail easily into the wilderness in a dirigihle balloon have appeared on the scene. The two biggest and best authenticated parties arethoae of Messrs. Gledhill and Plum-y and Messrs. Curran and ('ulkins. The first named is said to be on the track of placer gold somewhere. on» may guess. on the coast of l’ng-ava Bay or Hudson’s Strait. Their guide is an oat-fur trader. who claims to ‘naVe washed cold running eighty cents to the pan in certain unnamed streams. (‘artwright called this land “God's: Refuse Heap." and Jacques Cartier labeled it ”The Lund of Cain,” but men. always hopeful. refuse to be- lieve that all is barren. Ungava's very reticent‘e piques their curiosity. Its stillness stirs their imaginations. Show them the dismal shore and they say: “It may contain gold lH in the history of l'nmu'a there hare always been such men. Sir Ilnmph- rey (iilhert'a men. landing from the Hudson "'W aide in 1583, were cer- tain that the land was a land of ureac wealth. and when their leader went tn his death in the Golden llind. they were sure that he carried with him the seen-t of vast wealth hidden somewhere in the frowning Hills. 30 also um' Michael LOORO re- hidden somewhere in the. frowning elifl's. So also one Michael Locke re- fused in believe that certain "hlack stone like unto sea vole.” which Martin Frohisher had brought hack with him from a' journey to northern latitudes. was not a previous metal in disguise. llis readiness t.u,helicvc in the value of the. dark pict‘c of rock led to one of the first northern gold rushes in history. The glittering cliffs of Bailin Land. whieh seemed Sn are the rumored “placers” dis- THE PORCFPIN P ADVANCE i “ "l‘he quartsite underlying the flapping of quartz and now tapped iby the .\'o. 6 shaft is finely impreg- tnated with arsenical iron carrying lgood gold values, very amenable to treatment and will constitute the imain bodies of ore in the tproperties, 'to what extent they exist in depth 0 rmay he better assumed as zones, in 1 6 dyke form, the upheaval and general iprotrusion of the mountain itself :would lead to such a theory, as the tine equal distribution of the arsen- ical iron with theother minerals on a minor scale contribute. indicate.’ Also this: “ "I‘he values of actual samples taken are in the hands of the assay- ers as this is written ,and not neces- sary to mention at all as far as this report does, my simple duty to speak of it as '[ found it and to what con- clusion to come to.’ He then con- eludes by “recommending the propo- isition as a fine paying investment.’ A .. a i l I l l 1 l i l "Sirâ€"The following is a Verbatim extract from a mine report signed by a man who writes ‘E'.M.' after his name: J. V. Richards, of Spokane, Wash, sent thp following .lctter to the Min- ing: and Scientific Press: Mining Engineer Who Is He? lmn. mild. «linlnnnds. unspecified "rm'e minerals." \\'l‘.:|l(‘\’t‘l' lingavz may possess. will the to he of no unlinru'y richness if it is to he worth winning. in :1 t-nuntry where the thermunu-ter drnps lie'ht-heurtmlly to fifty heluw zern and stays there for :1 mumh at. n time. where there is host 0' nights even in July; where the winter begins in September (and ends in June: and where six feet of ice on the lakes is part of the nat- ural order of things. the problem of (leVelupnwnt will submit to neither a cheap Hul' an easy solution. When (lchlupnwnt will submit. to neither a «heap nur an easy sulution. When ['nuavan llonanzas and 'lIe-lluland Lucky Strikes begin to appear on the stock lists it‘ will he well to ap- prOaCh them with ,caution. At pre- svne. talk of UngraVa's minerals must begin? “There may hoâ€"" and should (-nnrlmle with an emphatic: ‘°But-â€"" .‘lLIUH d5 it ”UL“ [ldfilllli HIVUELIHCIIL. “This is not supposed to be a joke. i but an attual report that some n'i)d\ paid for. Is it not about. time thati the public was protected from this! sort .of flimflam' and the dignity of! the profession also upheld 7 As it isi now. any barber, horseâ€"docmr, sewing-machine agent can sign ‘E. ri M.’ after his name and is. ipso {ac-l to, a mining engineer." .0 0X0 0) 0 Latest information on all Porcupine Issues. Most modern map on Porcupine sent for the asking. J. T. EASTWOOD 24 King West. Toronto, Can. vmmt l‘ u mmu-I' Hm 2m :1 Hml'v \\ hnpo. Rock may he. discoveredâ€"as rovcntly mm the case in British Co- iumhiaâ€"ms full of diamonds as n rake is of raising. hut Hm only knuwn way of dealing with it is to crush it. and in vrushinc it the din- (‘r N With equal mthlessnees does the geolozist deal with Unrava's duh monds. It is on one finding of cer- tain diamonds brought. by the gin. cier from the north and dropped in Illinois and parts of Ontario 'hat the hopes of the (‘urran-(‘nlkins par- ty are said to be based. The elacier certainly did carry with it a few casual stones. having obtained thun by tweaking them out of the hard rock in which they were embedded; and it is more than probable that there is more or less of this dia- mondiierous rock somewhere in In- gram. But the trouhle ie that. men cannot aflord to work on a clacially magniflrent scale. The glacier crush- ed the diamondilerous rock and vnan‘ aged to preserVe a few moderately large atone-s at the price of wasting a few hundred tons of others. In South Africa nature has been so nminhle as to decompose the eon- tnininzz rock so that the diamonds can almost be picked out by hand. llut of this in l'nrnva there is little hope. Rock may he «lismveredwas rerently wasuthe ease in British Co- "Hint Iron Ore. hut Inacmssihle. Thin the moloxiq rvduccs all these vague uncertainties to the more or has vermin possibility of the pre- sum- ni L'Oili mo in I‘mmvn. The vmml "H‘H'I posed of. mm «m- m- svwrzll D inward the headwaters iltnn and onsh'ard of Rim-r. But there tho stayâ€"at any ratv till 1 u'un nrv m- svvvl'ul ulnvvsu-nntahly Mwnrcl the headwaters of tho Ham- iltnn anvl eastward of the Koksoak Riwr. But then.- tlw irnn «We will stay-mt any ratt- till electric smelt- imr li~‘ mmlv an economic possibility. Wlwn tlmt hummus pvrlmps l'nmivan Pittsburgh will arise; the great (Brand Falls of the Hamilton-twice as: high as magmaâ€"will be harness- ml. and tho‘ ‘white- cuzil" of a hun- dred nm'tlwrn streams turned to ac- 1m: in "HUI Whvn that Pittsburgh (3mm! Val as high as m ”Marin n M 20ch mo in l'mrzn‘ may be rich. ur it may nwrt'inl \‘nluv-r-thol'o is same possibility of find minty. ditinll “'3 3% mrv crushod was prosprc "HHI‘I‘ st rikim: md L to the more or lility of the pro- in I'mmvn. The r it may he of no “new is prcviscly y of findimr it as m: unld in north- '0 tho I’orvupinc ctcd. 0! am: com- thcrv is absolute U cot] 80 msits Mir-year ilhlx' of '?.(”M\ v 3. s I. A {90.039390099009000 90009300993969.0900.» Wt‘e‘W‘N'OMWOMMW “GOOMOOOMMOOOMOOOOOO OOOOOMOOOOO‘ :5 J. T. Eastwood, Broker 0000000000009©©éooooooQCQ WHAT "DO YOU DO? BUY AT THE TOP AND SELL AT THE BOTTOM, OR BUY AT THE BOTTOM AND SELL AT THE TOP? W think we have the right information on Crown Chartered. Dome Extension and Vipond. It's important to you. WRITE. WIRE or phone us for the infor- mation. Stark "rukrru Membef‘s Standard Stock Exchange, ROyal Bank Bldg., Toromo. DiI'BCt CODDBCtIOfl to all leading Exchanges. phrJr‘e M 5620 A. O. TERRILL CO. Successors to Gibson. Terrill Co Notice is hereby given that we have admitted tH partnership Mr. I). I". Maguire, who has been nflicially associated with the firm for a number of yvars. Assessment Work In Any Mining District of Ontario Try The Firm With the Experience Toronto. January .an, 1912. F. C. SUTHERLAND 8: C0. Address all communicatinns to Haileybury olfloe Melindaâ€"Cor. Jordan St, Toronto Playfair, Martens Go. Members Toronto Stock Exchange DOME EXTENSEON 14 King Street East, Toronto A report on this property will be sent to your ad dress without charge. Partnership Notice A. E. OSLER CO. Haileybury and Porcupine. 99996999699331 urrrspondrncc Wanted .‘\. E. ()SIJI‘:I{, HONDUN TA‘ TAYLUR. l’inmu'inl Agents O s". é‘0 5O \N