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$1.55, nd 19- ‘rom for DSAY. You Want to sell after they have been Slightly used, it is another story. NOW here is just where the farmers are blowing in their money. Some 0! ‘hem bu." a binder when they have no building to put it in. Some of they! get a thing they don’t need, becanee their neighbor has one, and they (10113 Want to jog behind. They wgpt t°~h<>1d their heads just as high: Others buy because they don’t haze ‘° Pay the spot cpsh and can getglty °n time, but Old Hayseed is not 6.9st 0‘ them. He wasn’t raised after; that “Y- He was taught 'to only buy What he needed and what Jae, about it. f-n‘ it, saves one from a iot of might; haul work. The seeder, manure, ‘IH‘t‘a‘lt'r, cream separator, ”11‘?er :tth and it is one ma.- Chine aftcr another. They all cost “he“ Yuu come to buy them, but if mind Ionabl awry wm Should I» about t‘Ve always >1» 01 poor and tht But wh BI 01d Hayseed Thinks That City )uy 'EIKPS mm expurinzwe and his views and ~uggestimx> ul‘v worthy of considera- tiun. I ubsefl't- that all the writers arr spurtsuwn .and their sole ,aim ap- p~ars In M the devising of the best zmhm} to <1» pmtect our deer that :22» ywil 'mvv- then) in sufficient num- iwrc In Mm‘lr- them to deprive one BCYS AN; :xRLs TIRED OF LON EsoME COUNTRYâ€"CORRESPOND- ENT TE LS OF THE EVOLUTION OF FASHION ON THE FASGEâ€"«YOUNG FOLKS LEAVE THE OLD HOMESTEADS. To .mt Mm is not a hunter, the ar- guz'nwms and facts seem so convinc- ing as m be unanswerable until the other fellow puts in his oar; then the wind» fabric is knocked into smith- rr""ll.“. Each writer discusses the subject frnm the standpoint of his ”“4” t': .. Lani.“ -1 "Rod and Gun” isfrom :3... pm: ..; Mr. James Dickson, 0.L. g. t‘wznalnn Falls, a gentleman qualified to discuss the .‘gmfiwtl from a common-sense stand- “; . many years Mr. Dickson, firing the nature of his employ- :ncnz. hm come into touch, so to await: ari'h drew in many parts of the Pruvinm- and we doubt there is 3;»-'-.-.-l;t~re 1 man can speak with more authnrity H“ the, subject chosen. The “grit-Ir E< .‘l~‘ follows: ~ I. and I am sure many \of your‘ “131“,. mulers. have been very much inrun-sted in the numerous pa: p» 011 "Hur Vanishing Deer”, which haw appeared from time to time in 3h»- pnflt'S 0f “ROd and Gun”. The «jiwlh'slull of hounds- versusl still hunting. also shooting in the water, has been both interesting and in- structive, and shows the great inter-t "a some of our keenest sportsmenl 3:» now r'VlIlCing in the best methOdS ‘ :u adupted for the preservation of] 10th ‘ in t nu: game. The question of issue wms tn have been given careful con- :i«1rr:1tiun and the articles are well written. and will eventually lead to inllt‘fi(‘lil] results. But it is to be regretted that some of them show a bitter fer-ling and a lack of respect for the oppnsite party, which is quite an- called fur. Hunter Should Match His Art and Rifle Against Decr’s Fleetness. UNSPQRTSMANLIKE PLAN Interesting Article on a Timely Subject scrutc “OUR VANISHING DEER? . - SHOULD DOGS BE USED? :1a( hz‘ be )I' took the little hand ‘mys and girls-raked ,. w“ and put it ifl bun- . it my hand on the wagon, ' «‘1‘ by hand. We sweat ‘7. >~»- days, but we didn’t 3m we made we made for \‘w could build a com- big barn and put '1 i. for a rainy day. Now, ': .2 , farmer makes goes :31- !‘31 First, it was the mow- wk $100 of hard cash to When they first came out, have the binder and the ; Jon’t like to grumble 2",.- it, saves one from a. iot .- haul work. The seeder, ‘DI‘ewh-r, cream separatnr, run. and it is one ma- er another. They all cost Y 1 11: when old Hayseed W3 't up about 3 0 ’clock, .3thes. and mowed * then we took out the :hook the hay. Lat- 1 The-s» agents for mach- ~zop at home; the (log ~11 them. Thgny come t-r‘m-r day. They have Mm: new, and each has t‘: u- machine the ' other 5;.) good at all, made 4;.11‘1 give satisfaction, .mw a whole lot of time. Hurts are due you have make the grade dou- “in; article in the August That excellent sporting Styles Have lnvaded the Farm County of Victoria, June 09‘ l lxvuxv ”‘1‘..- a straw hat, he didn’t appear as if he was at home in it. But he got it and began putting on airs. Then nothing would do but the boys must have a top buggy, too. We got one, .and 'now every farmer has one. 'And what next ? . ‘ Then there was the organ. : Noth- ling would do the girls but an organ, and I got one, because I was tired of having the agent call at the door. Then look at the bill every spring and; fall for the women’s hats. Years ago one hat ‘did Mary Ann for a few. years. Those .were happy’ days. Nothing‘ would do the boys b81311; bicycle, then their trousers must?!”i “pressed and they must have patent. ’leather shoes. I repeat~that Olll‘Hfl!‘ ‘seed is-of the opinion much style has been introducedorlfl!‘e m ‘ - Junk-n dark number about. I ”J ‘V iii-U V'vfi 7 and now we have to work from ””13; secretary and the communes 51-3 30- enoug ing to more trouble to make this year’s until late to nfake -money { It has 1001'" exhibition a. success than they have to pay for their style. _ gaged many farms and made £0013 0‘ ever done beforei They” hove bone. ~ ‘ Now, Mn Edi‘ fited from the exporipnee‘they noel, 'v- tor, I am not through yet- I have-o ed'othei’ Roi-spam} the" Went - - 4‘: 1' lubé'flf. total}:- of the Lindsay eihibifion m'certun. The present generation are getting stylish, too stylish for farm life, the girls want to go to town. it’s too lone- some on the farm for them. Their hands were never made for milk- ing and the boys say dad can be an old hayseed if he wants to, but we are going into something difierent. The top buggy was the first thing that turned their heads. Years ago a spring-board was. good enough for Mary Ann and me, and when we got a waggon with springs we thought that was comfort enough for the' king and queen. A few years later ~ an agent got our neighbor silly enough to buy a top buggy. He didn’t need it and was not able to afford it. With home-spun clothes, cowhide boots and could pay for, and what he couldn’t pay for he was to do Without. But they don’t teach these things any longer. It wouldn’t be well for the town chapS'if they did, but it would be better for the farmer. farm that I first saw the introduc- tion of dogs in deer hunting. It was all still hunting with muzzle loaders and mostly smooth bores sure to kill only at a distance of one hun- dred yards or a little‘ over. The woods were well stocked with all sorts of game. ' There was a primitive game law which no one ev- er thought of observing. A few of the boys could make wooden snow shoes, and‘ taking a dog for a fore- (Continued 911 page 7.) Yours With the exception of my first 2; it years, all my life has been spent in the deer country, and from four to eight months of each of the last thir~ ty years have been spent under can- vas at all seasons of the year‘ in a game country, so that no matter what views I may entertain respecting deer, my opportunities for studying them have been exceptionally good. [or two of life in each’year-‘with‘ a minimum of trouble. . - As I am not a sportsman. and nev- er go hunting, but from my profes-. sion and experience in the woods, have had exceptional opportunities of studying the haunts and habits of our game; and as I take a keen inter- est in its preservation, a few remarks from me are as likely to _be unbiased as any from those who go- out on their annual deer hunt. It was when a lad on a backfioods li'l MR. JAS. DICKSON, . L. 5., of Féneton Falls. Bid Ann for a 19" re happy days. , the boys but ’3 trousers must be nust have patent eat-that Old ‘Har‘ ‘ lieh agement are always alert to any im- provement that‘can be madeaeithe’r to the grounds, attractions or prizes, to attract exhibits. ' ' -. Some fall fairs have not improved in the last four or five years, while Lind- say’s‘ fair has showed a marked in- crease in attendance every year. This‘ year it is ekpected the'hrgest attend. ance on record will be registered, and deservedly so. for the. incident and secretary and the committees are go- ing to more trouble to make this year’s exhibition a success ‘thnn they have such a great. success?” The manage- ment probably deserve the largest amount of credit for that sf“? of 31. fairs, also the farmers of the sur- rounding country who are always will- ing to do whatever may lay in their power to make it a success. The man- ,‘774 A- ___. :A, couiitry. The question is often asked, “Why is Lindsay’ s exhib_i_tion always The Lindsay Central Exhibition is only three weeks away, and this thought is ogcxipying the minds of a Lindsay Fall. Fair Promises to be MANAGEMENT HAVE SPENT MUCH TIME AND MONEY TO MAKE IT SOâ€"SPLENDID ATTRACTIONS IN FRONT OF THE GRAND STAND-SPEEDING IN THE RING. § Louis, Missouri, and has been a friend of .Nettleton’s for some years. Some ‘weeks ago, when they were thinking of their vacation, it was proposed to go to Fenelon Falls, and last Satur- day the two boys arrived. They only intended to stay a week, which time was to be spent in fishing and shoot- ing. They paid their board in ad- vance, bought a shot-gun and rented a boat for the seven days. Followed All Night. Since his arrival here Nettleton has been renewing old acquaintances, and on Monday night, he and his friend, started out for, a walk about seven o’clock with two of the young ladies of the village. They had not gOne far when they discovered that they were being followed by Barry and Nicholls, who, it is said, hurled jeer- 7A'i'arger""'§1'£miérfor pmes' win ( with the young Indies. His father moved to eKarney, near Owen Sound, after leaving Detroit, and now holds ’a. position as foreman with a furniture factory there. Burton comes from St. one time foreman of the Sandiord Furniture Go. here, but left with his step-son two years ago after the fire. the boy is well known and popular throughout the village, and esbecially 1 ‘ The magistrate read the charge, but er. McDiarmid refused to eitherelect jor plead in the absence of the Crown Attorney. His Worship then adjourn ed the case for a week, and the pris- oners were brought down to Lindsay last night by Constable Jones and lodged in the county jail. Game Over For Vacation. The story of the. affair, which has made such a regretable ending for the vacation of these two visitors, has turned the sympathy of the villagers towards them, and although the resi- dents regret that the knife had to be used, yet there is a feeling that Nicholls and Barry were to blame, as it is thought they were anxiously waiting for a fight. ' Percy Nettleton is the step-son of Mr. A. J. VanOstrum. who was at ‘ ‘Fenelon Falls, Sept. 2.â€"The court room here; was crowded to the doors YESterday afternoon when Percy Net- tleton and W. Burton appeared before ‘County Magistrate Moore on a charge “oi having assaulted John Barry and Sani. Nicholls, and having inflicted 'bodily injury by means of a knife. The stabbing affray has created con- siderable excitement about the village. and every person was desirous of hearing the case. Mr. F. A. McDiar- mid, of Lindsay, appeared for the prisoners, but the Crown Attorney was absent. Drs. Graham and Wilson, who attended the injured men, were both in court and reported that their patients were unable to appear. When 1 the prisoners were brought in every head. in the room was turned toward the youths as they took their seats be- side their counsel. M3 Prisdners Lodged in Jailâ€"1 ded For a Week; (Special Despatch to The Free Press.) JEALOUSY IS THE CAUSE? Villagers Think Penelofi Youths are to Blame BEING CHOKED TO DEATH WHEN KNIFE WAS PULLED Mpvklg remarks at the visitors and imâ€" LINDSAY, ONTARIO, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3. 1908 £753 A Great Success This Year II The exhibition of live stock will also be one of the most importunt ievents this year, and from all appear- ‘ances it will be far ahead of that of last year, and twice as large. This is one part of the fair that the man- agement have improved upon â€"-e. good deal of time and money has been spent to make it a success, and if on ecan judge from appearances they will be justly rewarded for their Amusements. The attractions in from of the grand, atandaretobeofaspecialclaas, and will contain specialties that will be ap- pmciated by em; will be? justly trouble. ’ ing a class of races that have never been presented to the public before. distribiited this year than ever before. The horse racing is to be an import- and event ,and the size of the prizes should attract twice as many horse owners as have heretofore raced on the exhibition track. A large number of people attend the fair for the sake of the horse racing itselfâ€"this class oi spectators will not be dissatisfied this year, but will have the pleasure of see- Mr. F. McDiarmid _was seen this morning by a Free Press representa- tive relative to the case; he had noth- ing to say about the affair save that Nettleton pulled his knife in self-de- fence, and was boing choked to death when he resorted to this method of saving himself. The counsel also in- formed The Free Press that he was wiring the fathers of both boys, and it is likely that they will be present at the adjourned hearing of the case. ' pertinent ones at the young ladies. I The route taken by the qwtette was up and down the sidewalks of the main s'treet. Nicholle and Barry con- tinued firing jibes at the boys and walked past them three times, and on Why these two visitors should be singled out is not known, but accord- ing to the prisoners’ stories they be- lieved that their asailaiits were jeal- ous because they were out with the two girls. Both boys feel their posi- tion very keenly as it is the first trouble either of them has been in. _ Bleeding badly from the wounds that 'had been inflicted upon them, Barry and Nicholls were taken home, where medical aid was called, and it was found necessary in each case to use several stitches to close the wounds. Both men are Still confined to their rooms, and it will be a few days before they will be able to be about again. homes. arm was free and he reached for his penknife, which was in his side pocket, and after some difficulty he opened it and made several slashes at Nicholle. The first one tore a deep gash in his cheek and the others inflicted deep wounds upon his cheek and breast. Sufiering from intense pain Nicholls slackened his grip and Nettleton shook free. In the meantime Burton had fared very badly in the hands of Barry, and when Nettleton looked around in search of his companion he saw him lying on the ground with Barry on top of him. In a moment of frenzy he ran over to his friend’s as- sistance and jabbed Barry several times with the knife. The boys were then both free and made for theiri each occasion jostled the visitors. About nine o’clock the young ladies spied a girl friend on the other side of the street, and excusing themselves went across to meether, promising the boys to be back in a minute. Nettle- ton and Burton waited, and while the girls were away Barry and Nicholls passed again. The two visitors, it is learned, were standing on the inside of the sidewalk when they passed, but were pushed off with the kind saluta- tion, “More sidewalk, please.” ‘The boys, had become. indignant at the ungentlexnanly conduct of the local youths, and Nettleton replied, “You have been following us all night, and if you think you can keep us 011 the sidewalk you can come and try it." The Fight. With this Barry and Nicholls wheel- ed around and sprang at the two visit- ors, the former taking Burton and the latter Nettleton. The local boys had the advantage in size and strength I and are much older than the prison- ers, who are both under twenty. There was not much of the preliminary spar- ring and side-stepping, as all parties clinched at the outset. Nicholls soon overpowered his opponent and seized him by the throat. Nettleton began to gasp for breath and tried to free him- self but was held pinioned. His right Jealousy The Cause? GENEROUS TREATMENT; Through the eflorte of Court Lind- say, No.‘ 181, I.0.F., the supreme ofli- oers have granted Bro. John Patty's claim of tow disability. and a cheque 1h” been issued forthe $1M innu- ‘enoe carried-by him under the tot-.1 disability clause. Hr. Petty, who sold out his well~ known jewelry buiineu to Hr. A. 8. den game months up. in M re- “siding withfrehtim in the lumbar- I noticed the manholes at nearly all the corners; fine houses, well-kept lawns, and good roads compared with those I left in my 00th days. I may let you have my impressions of the north and west parts or the south ward before I go homeâ€"if not. excuse me. I have taken up too much space already, as an old friend of mine puts it, “with those few rambling remarks." LINDSAY OLD BOY. Continuing on my walk, I thought I would go to where I used to swim in the Scugogâ€"Hennessy’s landingâ€"but I found it not used now. I was told by an old grey-haired woman down there that the powers that be stopped it, for that’s what they drink up town now. I guess she was correct, for I noticed the pumphouse in close proxi- mity. Many a good day I put in there, andoften I thought of it, along with the Dean’s, Knowlson’s, Scanlon’s, Keenan's, Brady’s, and dozens of‘ others. Imight add that all along my walk I. noticed the great .mprovements of the townâ€"cement sidewalks every- where, and I expect sewers else, fog: Coming back to town, I miss all the old homesteads cn C(lborne-st., Cahill, Rose, Hallinan. and others whom I have fogot, all gone to make way for the C.P.R.. I crossed the river to look over Peter Forbert's old stand at the waterworks pump in the Needler Sadler mill, but found it gone also, and I am told that in the big building standing in its place they make porridge for the whole country. and also supply baseball and curling presidents. Going farther north, I find Brown’s old mill replaced with a big foundryâ€" the Williams, I think they call it; Harry Rogers' old stand at the'R. R. bridge, and also the bridge, gone; that bridge was very handy to cross to the north ward in the. old days. The roundhouse of the Midland R.R. gone, and no trace of it left ( nly a great big embankment built by the C.P.R.. Go- ing still north. I found the old Yankee mill gone, but replaced by a better one of the Baker Company. Well, I took a walk around the old playground of my youthful years, next day, and sure enough. the GT. R. left the east ward and went south; Sennett’s flour mill gone. and an old burned mill stands in its place called Brumwell’s. The Queen’s hotel is now the Baker Lumber Co. office. and where an old residence stood, now rears an elevator; Hanlan’s hotel, now a row of housesgbut the old pump which I suppose was nandy in days gone by, still stands on the street. The Queen’s hotel and Mason’s grocery store have given way to the GP. rail- road.track. After an absence at many years I arrived in town by way of the railroad by which I wentâ€"the Midland (now G.T.R.), and arriving at the station, looked across the road for Hanlan’s hotel, but it was not there, then I ask- ; ed for the Queen’s hotel and the fellow I spoke to looked at me, and said, “Pym’s?” No, I said, “the Queen’s, run by John Maunder." He said, “John Maunder runs the Central.” Just then my old friend, John Guni- gle, came up with that pleasant smile of his, and I explained to him my dif- ficulty. “Why,” he said, “you are. turned aroundâ€"this is the south ward. and you left here when the R.R. ‘ station was in the °ast ward.” So I really could not see either Hanlan’s, or Queen’s, or Maunder’s either, as far as the east ward was concerned, but my old friend John is still doing busi- ness at a more central point, and standing his age well. Aug. 28th, OLD TIMES AND OTHER TIMES. (To the Editor of Free Press.) Dear Sinâ€"As your name implies, you are a “free" Pressâ€"not bound to anybody or anything save the best interests of the town, I thought I would give you a few impressions of the good old town of my youth. and it is only three weeks away. This means that farmers who intend to ex- hibit, and people who intend to at- tend, should be making preparations. The house that stands on the pur- chased property will probably be used for a dining hall. and it will now be possible to ban another main gate for horses and rigs-for admittance to the grounds". No one will know what ”‘an improvement this purchase is to the Agricultural Society until they attend the [all fair and see for themselves. The indications are for the largest. grandest and best exhibition ever her in Lindsay under the auspices of the South Victoria Agricultural Society, mun thtt the ground: will have a homage on Adelaide-st. of nearly 300 teat. be fenced in and put in proper shape {or the coming exhibition This will COMMUNICATIONS beneoth the level otthe ground and under fire brick arches, the fuel con- aistins of mill refuse and wood gas. Whenolltheovensurefllled with the steel com and their burden of wood, thedoouue hermetically seal odoudboflnchegim. Inor- der to m insure the retention being kept conth at 750 deg. tab. The intense heat necessary to bring about this temperature is generated eight oven 48 cords of wood. Inside these ovens ,the heat. as may be im- puny, whose business it is to keep the great piles of wood in the yard replete with the very best of hard- wood, for it must be remembered that about fifty cords of wood are used ev- ery day in the year. This wood is brought from the limits in the dis. trict. which are cautioned by the Wood Products 00.. and piled up in the yards. From there pieces are tak- en ‘to one of the large buildings known as the oven house, and it is here that the process begins. The eordwood is loaded in twer'ity-four an. each holding two cords of wood, sndthreeofthese‘eersurerolledinto wood. In the woodé. for miles around the factory at. Donald are scores of wood choppers employed by the oom- and steel. To the back of the build- ing flows the picturesque Burnt River, whose natural course has been block- ed by the erection of a 250 ft. concrete dam, making a very pretty lake, and afiording means of boating and bath- ing for the residents of the town. THE FACTORY. But turning to the description of the factory, which is really the object of this article. The primary purpose of the factory is the production of charcoal. an article so useful in hun- an abundant reason why you should know the outline of the manufacture. First of all. the raw material must be secured. which consists of hard- dreds of Lndsay homes. In fact, it is more than likely that the charcoal you will use in the near future will come from this place. and thereip li_e§ in the past few months. The first thing that impresses one, is the hustle and bustle that can only be seen ar- ound a new town where everybody is imbued with a spirit of progress. To ‘ the left of the station stands a large ‘ building designed to accommodate the company's store and also to serve the purpose of a hotel. Extending beyond this building there are num- ber' of cottages, all prettily painted and standing out in clear relief against the dark woods behind, and tothe westward along Oliver Haenne The building operations are being ra- pidly extended. Turning to the right of the station the factory confronts the view. and the sightseer cannot fail to be impressed when he sees the raw‘ materials at hand, being transferred into magnificent buildings of concrete? On leaving Lindsay,- the journey to Donald takes the traveller through beautiful country, the sun shining on the rocky edges turning them into V‘- sions of fairyand.. The trajn winds its way into -innnmerable bays, through miniature gorges and up steep grades, making the engine’s lungs gasp so badly that the passengers gaze out the window in sympathy to éaze out the window in sympathy to help it on. But Donald comes at last and the train is left for more pleasant. surroundings. The village owes its existence to the Wood Products Co. of Toronto. and has come to be with- Donald, a small town on the Hali- burton‘ branch of the G.T.R., is the site of the Wood Products Co’s mam- moth factory, in course of construc- tion, in which a log of wood will be transferred into clear black charcoal, wood alcohol, acetate of lime and tar, for, strange as it may seem, these product sare all contained in any good log of hardwood. The se- parating of them is a matter involv- ing great expense, intricate mechani- cal equipment and a wealth of skilled labor. In the following article, it is not the writer's intention to go into de- tails of the manufacture’of charcoal, alcohol and acetate of ime, but to weave the main,,atures into a story of general interest to the readers of The Free Press. In Manufacture of Charccal Alcohol and Acetate of Lime ~ It is one of the most natural turns of the human mind, when confronted by some ingenious product of human skill to ask the simple question, “How is it made ?" USING HARDWOOD F ORFST Established by The Wood Products Co.. Toronto NEW TOWN OF DONALD ,~.. IN HALIBURTON COUNTY THE NEW TOWN. my "v-â€" â€"â€" __-fi Ltheir poets. ‘ The car is then gradu- ‘ualy moved out over the tracks, but THE CHARCOAL We will now return and see what become of the charcoal which was left roasting in the great ovens. Suppos- ing that it has been in for the requir- ed 24 hours, and the man in charge of the works. Mr. James Montgomery. a thoroughly experienced and capable oficial, deems that the process of charting has been completed, the men in charge of the department gather about the iron doors, and, after the levers are turned, both doors swing ppen: A great. wave or nan Bums out, but the men, who have been at the work all their lives, are: {to}, for lime lee, still with a brownish earth- en color is, through the action of heat, transformed into a granular substance of a. distinct greyish ‘hue. Every day of the year produces about 10,000 lbs. of this acetate, .which is placed in bags ready for shipment. placed on the second floor of the building containing the ovens, and directly above them, so that all the heat is utilized. An hour in this room would probably send the aver- age man home in a faint. The heat coming from every square inch of the floor is penetrating to an ex- treme. The acetate, which leaves the PRICE THREE CENTS tank and taken to the drying room, which, for the sake of economy, com- bined with the highest eficiency, iis Returning to where the acetate of lime was kept, which at its last stage did not look like a valuable product, it is found removed from the lime md évérywhere the immaculate neat- ness and cleanliness of the apparatus is a striking feature. In following the liquor to the last stage of its refinement, we find our- selves at a considerable height abova we ground, in the still house, and looll'ng back, the eye meets a great series of copper tanks with innumer- able pipes leading to and from them, is placed in large barrels lined with glue,‘ to preserve the contents from waste through leakage or damage from possible contact with impuri- ties. ed. At the first distillation the py- roligneous acid is freed from the tar, which passes' into a great tank, to be stored and used as fuel. The pyrolign- eous acid is now carried through an arrangement 0 f intricate but eflec- , tive machinery to the “lime lee still", where in contact with lime, the acid of the liquid is neutralized, and to- gether with the lime forms a distinct chemical compound known as acetate 0 flime, which, it is interesting to know, forms the basis of smokeless powder and has a wide market in any country. When the remaining liquid leaves the lime lee, it is still a combination of alcohol, oil, water and a few impurities, the alcohol being about 15 per cent. strong. The ob- ject is to strengthen this and make it ready for the market, so it is run into what is known at the 80 per cent. still, where its strength is brought up to almost absolute purity by the el- imination of foreign materials. Be- fore it is' placed on the market it is even further refined so as to prepare it for use ,in the manufacture of fine shellaCs and high grade gums. The alcohol, when taken from' the tanks. This liquid is now taken to another building known as the still house. This structure is a commodious and well arranged building, where the process of refining is begun and end- gas. is conveyed to the oven fire through long pipes, where it is used as fuel. We have now a liquid which combines alcohol, tar acid and some impurities. ports are condensed by a stream of cold water which runs around them. The hot vapors from the wood, strik- ing the cool surfaces in the condens- ers, changes the vapor into a liquid consisting of pyroligueous acid and tar, whitish in color, with streaks of brown, intimating the presence of the tar. This liquid is run out of the condensers into tanks and the non- condensible vapor, known as wood of gases, which are evolved from the wood, and as even s_heat as possible. the ovens are constructed with two sets of doors, both of which may be rigidly locked to make an air tight compartment for the destruction of the wood. After being subjected to this heat for about eight hours, the gases begin to form and the wood un- degrees a distinct chemical change, which ‘turns the light colored tough fibres, with the clinging brown bark, into je black lumps of charcoal. It. is so arranged that the gases pass out of the oven through copper pipers into condensers, which are al- so made of copper, and here the va- , (ponti'nuéd ‘on page 7.) REFINING PURPOSES. wave of heat streams fl H