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m. râ€" r‘, a. ,\ ,. ,4 TI] "on on " ROADS. A FEW HINTS 0N A VERY IMPORT- ANT 3!) BJECT. A Special Bulletin i-suni by the Ontario Department 0' Agricultureâ€"Prepar- ed by the Ontario Good Roads Asso elation. Requisites for Permanency. In order to make and maintain a permanent roadway, two rules must befollowed : 1. Take the water out. 2. Keep the water out. Underdraining. Where a road is to be constructed on a wet and retentive soil, a perfect system of underdraining must be This is best done by cutting ditches diagonally across the roadbed with discharge into side ditches. These diagonal ditches should haVe a good fall and good outlet and should be from eighteen inches to two feet deep and about one foot wide provided. at the bottom, with a sligh'sslope outward. In these should be laid coarse,broken stone, broken bricks or other material suitable toforma drain, filling them up to the level of the sub-grade. _ Surface Draining. Open ditches should be cut on each side of the roadbed at a distance of about twelve feet from the out- sides of the metalling. They should be deep enough to drain the foundation ; at least eighteen inches below the sub-grade. Tile Preferable. 'Where tile is cheap and a good outlet obtainable, tile side drains are preferable to open ditches. Shallow gutters should be made over the tiles to catch the surface water and con- duct it to catch-basins placed at convenient distances apart. The catch-basins should be made of durable materials of sufficient size to be freely cleaned and should be covered with iron gratings. The basins should extend at least two feet below the bottom of the tile to provide space for the deposit and they should be cleaned at least twice a year. The Roadsides. The strips of ground between the metaled road and the open ditch should be properly graded to con- form with the crown and grade of the metaliing and should be seeded and kept in sod. This will always be pleasing to the eye, is cheap, and very largely useful in preventing the carrying of mud on to the matching. Moreover, the uniformity of the grade facilitates the passing of meet- ing teams. Location of Sub-drains. In asoil that is gravclly and porvious to water, the open ditches on each side of the road, even of a b'li-feot wide road, are sufficient for drain- ing the road bed. If there be any springs under the road, a sub drain leading direct- ly to the side ditch will be re’iuired. Should the road be on usidehill adcepopen ditch on its upper side, to arrest the flow from the adjacent land, may be sufficient, the water being at intervals conducted across and under the road by an ordinary stone culvert. Outlets. Mistakes are often made by giving insufficient outfalls to the drains. Under the Ditches and Watercourses Act“ a municipality has the same power as an individual to enforce the natural outlet for the drainage water of the land. But muni- cipal officers are apt to shrink from forcing an outlet through private lands, and to leave their road drains with insufficient outlets rather than incur the ill will of possibly influential constituents. This should not be so. Municipalities should insist upon their rights, and the owners of lands interfered with should pay the same proportion of the cost of the work as if only private individuals were concerned. Bad Drainage and Frost. Imperfect drainage is the cause of the badncss of our roads in nearly all cases. The inexperienced are not apt to appreci- ate the paramount necessity for the main- tenance of a perfectly dry foundation of earth for their surface of broken stone, gravel, etc., to lie upon. A protracted rain will soften an undrnincd road and on the passing of a heavy load injurious ruts are the consequence. In these latitudes the soil water freezes and the consequent ex- pansions and contractions quickly ruin a roadbed. Dcstriictiveuess of Rule. It matters not whether a road be earth or macadam if attention is not given to the preservation of the finished crown. If rum are allowed to form water is admin-d. Every depres- sion is a Centre of destruction. The power of resistance to the wafer becomes less and less until the roadway becomes actually impassable. Road Machines. In constructing earth roads a plow should not be used except where actually necessary, because a plowed surface is only with great difficulty made hard and smooth, and the plow is'likely to out too deeply into the earth. A good .. road machine should be procured if possible, for by the use of a machine the natural foundation of the ground is not disturbed in ioundiug up the road as is done with common plows and scrapers. Every municipality should own a road machine and should have a man especially instructed and constantly in charge of it. “'ith a road machine in skilled hands, there will be no question raised as to the economy of construction and repairs and the efficiency of the work done. Width of Roadway. The roadway should be twenty-six 'feet between the ditches and the metallic-g for ordinary roads eight feet wide. : where more than a single line of travel is required the metalling should be sixteen foe; wide. ‘ Height of Crown. A roadway of this width should have a crown of at least ten trachea and should always be maintained in this shape. Rolling. Afur the road machine has completed its work.the whole grade should be rolled with a roller weighing about [iv-3 tons. Rolling is essential in making the foundation and surfacing to form perma- nent or gravel roads. The roller should follow closely upon the grader or scraper so that the loose earthmay be consolidated while it is still moist. The roller should pass many times over the softer portion.- of the road, and where the road is very dry and not inclined to pack, it may be slight- ly moistened to facilitate the consolidation of the earth. The rolling should begin at the sides of the roads and proceedgradually towards the centre ; that is, the roller should be passed from and to end along the ~ . - gh side of the road and then in the second man“ the Other awning ‘ My flag a passage the roller should slightly lap the b°u ‘nd delivered a psck‘P' Mr" Bow' first passage until the centre of the road is ser ansu ered the bell in person, and as she "lehfid- re-entered the sitting room with it in her Metalling. After the formation of the h‘nd she “id _ road and the draining are completed, the . mass of broken stone or gravel which is to " Th" “em! to be for you, and I guess form its wearing surface should be laid, it’s a bottle.” packed and so consolidated that it will be It was a quart bottle_ Mn Bows" glow. practically water-tight. Such a road will ,y removed the paper l“1d men held the be durable and easily maintained. It will . . shed water readily. Its hardness will bOtlle “P to the “Km “1d 5h°°k 1“ and observed : prevent the formation of rats, which is the “Yes, he said he’d send it over this first stage of destruction. “idlh of Tires. If all wagons used in evening. I think I,“ take a do" right away." country roads could he provided with tires four inches wide, they would roll the sur face more smoothly and more quickly, and H 15 it a patent medicine i” asked Mrs. Bowser with a tinge of sarcasm in her tones. the road Would be in fairly good condition “ Suppose it is a patent medicine 1" be all the year round. Noxious Weeds- Chapter 202. R. S. 0., demanded as he bristled up and glared at her over the bottle. “ For your personal 1887. benefit, however, I will .say that there is (See. 9.) “It shall be the duty of the overseers of highways in any municipality nothing patent about it. It is a compound prepared in the laboratory of the most to see that the provisions of this Act relating to Noxious Weeds are carried out noted chemist in the country. I suppose the formula has been copyrighted, but within their respective highway divisions by cutting down or destroying or causing they don’t patent such things the same as they do washing-machines.” to be cut down or destroyed at the proper times, to prevent the ripening of their seed, " What use are you going to make of it 2" all the noxious weeds growing on the high- ways or road allowances within their respective divisions, such works to be per- “ What use ! Itis just like me to pay $3 for a bottle of invigorator and then chuck it into a rat hole or feed it to the formed as part of the ordinary statute labor, or to be paid for at a reasonable rate cats, isn't it? I’ve felt the need of it for the last two months.” by the treasurer of the municipality, as the council of the municipality may direct.” “ I didn’t know that you were run down in health,” persisted Mrs. Buwser. (Sec. 10, sub-sec. 4.) “Every overseer “Oh l you didn’t l” he hotly exclaimed of highways who refuses or neglects to discharge the duties imposed upon him by as he ceased shaking the bottle. “That shows what sort of a wifely wife you are? this Act shall, upon conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than $10 or more than Some wives are not blind when a husband loses five‘pounds of flesh a week and has a $20.” Noxious weeds include Canada Thistlss, dozen undertakers itching to measure him for a coffin, but you haven’t discovered Oxe-eye Daisy, Wild Oats, Ragweed and that anything was wrong ! If the doctor Burdock. was to drop in and say that I couldn’t live till morning it would be quite a surprise to you, wouldn’t it i” “ You were dancing around the other day and telling how coltish you felt, and so I naturally supposed your health was all right.” "I danced around. did I ‘2 I said I felt coltish. did I? Never, Mrs. Bowserâ€" never ! Why on earth you want to sit there and talk such stuff and nonsense is more than I can make out! That’s your policy, howeverâ€"opposition. If I was dying you’d oppose my taking anything to restore the to health. Are you anxious for me to die? Do you want my life insurance on which to cut a swell? Have you tried mourning and found that it improved your looks? Woman, I demand to know why you use me thus 1” ' In' his excitement Mr. Bowser got up and dropped the bottle and picked it up and walked about, with his face very red and his toes inclined to crack. “ If you didn’t buy so much stuff I shouldn’t say a word," explained Mrs. Bowser, as he finally came to a halt.- “You are always getting tonics and sarsaparillas and blood-purifiers and invigorators and ME AND MRS. BOWSEB. Just as the Bowser family had finished .â€".â€"â€".â€"._....__ AN ODD FOSTER FATHER. Kansas City Spaniel Adopts n. Brood of Mother-less Chicks. “Bob” lives in a very comfortable way out in Kansas City. He is a water spaniel and one of the fattest dogs in town â€"-and he is not such a heavy eater. He is simply so good natured that he gets fat on nothing but a good conscience and an even temper At “Bob’s” home are many chickens,and they all look up to “Bob” as their foster father. A queer friend for a chicken is a big,fat water spaniel,but the chickens don’t care what or whohe is, he is just “Bob” to them. There is abrood of motherless chicks who are seldom away from him if they can help it. \Vhen he lies down they climb upon cures for this or that, and after a. dose or two you set the bottle away and never touch it again. I was looking through the cupboard yesterday, and I found--” “ That will do, Mrs. Bowserâ€"that will do l.” he interrupted as he waved the bottle around his head. “You talk about my boy ing stuff. In the last year I have bought just one bottle of cough medicine. Two doses of it affected a cure and I put the bottle away. If you found ten thousand bottles in the cupboard you put them there yourself. lVe will drop all that and speak of this bottle. I am all run down. I have chills, fever, cold sweats, insomnia, iassi- tude and general debility. If I go on I am a dead, man inside of two months. If I take this preparation I am restored to health inside of two weeks. Shall I take it or not ‘2” “ Why, yes, of course, if you think it will do you any good.” “ Any good ! What’s it for except to do me good i I’m not taking it to blow my lead off, am I? A noted physician doesn’t send an invigorator out into the world to kill off h s fellow-men, does he ? The Oh ject is to invigorateâ€"tone upâ€"cureâ€"make a man of a man.” Mrs. Bowser had no more to say. She was sorry she had said as much as she had. Mr. Bowser was bound to take that invig- orutor whether or no, and the best way Was to hope it would do him good, though there wasn’t a healthier and more robust man in town. it I!” mke a dose now and another at bed-time,” he slid as he headed for the basem -nt, “ and if you don’t see a change in me even by :o-vnorrow. morning then I’ll be disappointed." Ile went downstairs, pulled the cork out of the bottle and took his dose, and when he returned upstairs he sat. down to hisi newspaper with a self-satisfied look on his face. Ten minutes later he patted himself on the lower button of his vest and ex. claimed : u By George, but that stuff went to the rightspot ! I feel better'n l have felt in a whole month. You’ll see me a new man in about a week i" That was ten minutes later. Twenty minutes later Mr. Bowser cave a sudden start and laid his hand on his stomach. “ Is it still gomg to the right spot '9" askei Mrs. ll0wser. “Say ! I have a pain and I feel queer 2” he answered as he stood up. “Couldn’t be anything wrong about that invigorator, could there 2" “Of course not. A noted physician doe-n't send an invigorator out into the worid to give his fellow-men pains and queer feelings, does he 3" "Ooch ! Ry gum, but the room is whirl. ing around and I can't keep my feet on the floor l I believe I've been poisoned !” “ Hereâ€"lie down on the lounge," said Mrs. lloa‘ser as she helped him over. “You are sure that was invigorator, are you 3" “It must have been. Great S20! ! but. see how I sweat !" ; "Let me go down and get a look at the ' bottle." .l i OLD “non” axn ms FRIENDS. his back, which is so broad as to resemble the big, flat pad on the back of a circus horse. They crawl upon his head and peck at his ears. He does not shake them off, and they hang on tight when he walks slowly around the yard in his lazy way. When he lies down they nestle in near his paws, and he will remain motionless there for 9. half hour at a time. The motherless brood are getting to be big fellows now,but they have not deserted him, although a brood of younger chickens have come up to climb his back and peck at his tongue and the end of his nose. It is astonishing to see the care and gentleness of the old fellow when the chickens are near him. .____â€"â€"..â€"â€"â€"-â€"â€" Tack Pullers. One of the simplest and best of tack pullers is made of an old tile three-quarters of an inch wide, the and slightly flattened, and turned up, and a V~shaped opening made in it as shown herewith. Where the $6 C’ W locks are driven down firmly the plan in b is best, as then a hammer can be used to drive the claws under the head of the tack. For common use the one provided with a handle as in u will prove very convenient and easier on the hands, the long leverage allowing shingle nails to be readily loosened. â€"_..â€"â€"â€"-â€"â€".â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€" Division of the Sexes. One of the most remarkable churches is to be found at Freudenthal, in the Black Forest. It is built on such a plan that the men are unable to see the women, and vice versa, for it is composed of two wings. which meet at an angle where the pulpit stands. The right Wing is allotted to men. and the left one to the women of the con- gregaiion. She was back in thirty reoonds with the bottle in her hand, and as she held it out toward him she asked : " Did you order a bottle of Dandruff Eradicator this afternoon l" HX’_vu l" . “Vi: ell, here it is, and you've taken a big dose of it in place ofthe invigorator !" You never vs t el 0 see wh a n . opp ‘ t n we StufflGathei-od from Various was !" "And I’mâ€"I’m poisoned l” he gaspedl as he drew up his legs and threw up his hands. “Perhaps not. As you haven’t over forty hairs and not a scale of dandruff on your head perhaps this is to remove the dandruff from your stomach l" “And will I die 2” “I hope not. You lie still while I get the sweet oil and mustard.” For the next hour Mrs. Bowser doped kicked about and groaned and took on like a sick child. By and by the eradica- tor seemed to have finished eradicating and he began to feel easier. Mrs. Bowser could have said lots of things to make he and dosed and plastered, and Mr. BOWSGX‘I Bay. [situation more painful for him, but she gaVe him words of sympathy and condol- ence instead. It was not until he was so far relieved that he was slowly creeping upstairs to bed that she said: “Of course your lawyer will see my law- yer in the morning and arrange about the alimony and the custody of the child 1” Mr. Bowaer sat down on the stair step and looked down at her for a minute. Then he sighed and groaned and went creeping along up with tears in his eyes. Mrs. Bowser had floored him for the first time in a year. PERSONAL POINTERS. A Few ltclus About Some of the (heat Folks or the ‘World. Dr. Felix Vulpius, who died in \Veiniar years old. China’s Emperor gets up at4 o’clock to study English and Manchu before breakfast which is at five. He makes up for it by goxng to bed at sundown. The Earl of Jersey owns a margarine factory near London which turns out 175,- 000 pounds of butter substitute per day. Think of the Earl of Jersey making oleo- margarine. Every Jersey cow in Christen- dom should repudiate him. Old Jules Simon is quoted as saying that the young German Emperor speaks French like a Parisian, whereas the first Napoleon spoke it all his days with an Italian accent, and the third Napoleon with a strong German accent. The last census showed that 1,834,000 Austrian men have the name Franz, the names next in popularity being Johann, 1,384,000; Josef, 1,085,000; Leopold, 584,000, and Wenzel, 448,000. There are 1,780,000 Annas, 1,652,000 Marius, and 1,260,000 Elizabeths. Although the Baroness Burdeit-Coutts is eighty-one she is one of the liveliest women in London. So youthful is her dress that it is criticised as being more in keeping with a young woman just “out” in society than one whose years of life are numbered. One dress that she wore at a recent enter- tainment, a costume of red velvet, cost her $0,000. To the credulity of the Russian peasant there is apparently no limit. A swindler named Overko Skoda has just been senten- ced to along term of penal servitude at Sui-atoll for inducing a large number of them to sell what little they possessed and join him in emigrating to Jupiter, Need- less to say that he fled with the large sum of money be secured on the pretext of buying the tickets. Most of his victims had eveiything packed, and were ready for immediate departure. Speaking of Sir Henry Irving, it is interesting to recall that under Queen Elizabeth a statute was enacted, reading that all common players, all jugglcrs, tinkers, noddlers, and petty chapmen should be taken, adjudged, and deemed rogues, vugabonds, and sturdy beg- gars should be stripped naked, and be whipped until his or her body he bloudye, and sent streghte way to the parish where he was borne. Nor was an actor freed from the danger of being publicly whipped until the reign of George, IV. A Paris Police Court the other day was filled to overflowing by the admirers who crowded there to hear barah Bernhardt take an oath. An action for recovery of adebt alleged to bedue was brought against her by a horse-dealer, who had petitioned that she might be put upon ouih. The judge asked her whether she could swear that she. bud paid the bill. The great trugedieune, raising her hand according to the French custom, replied, “ I swuar it,” Admirers say that she was never more natural. Judgment was accordingly given in her favor. 1)r. Faib, the astrologer, who is really a very able man apart from his hobby for predicting future evonls, announces that the end of the world, prophesied by him to lake piece in 1806, has been indefinitely postponed in consequence of unforeseen events, which he does not specify. Dr. Sigl, the rabid Bavarian Secessionist,wants to know if the proposed German Gag laws (Umsturz chctz) have anything to do with the matter. He also ment’ons in his Vaterland. Munich, that the prediction is nothing new. in 1544 Pete l’iiilippc Olivaricus of (film): says in his Writings that Paris Would be destroyed in 1590 and the world in 1509. ‘ -â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"-â€"â€"â€".â€"_â€"â€" Tlme Thrown Away. Claraâ€"What’s the matter, dear 2 Doraâ€"It's too much to hea'r. M r. Faint- heart hasn’t proposed yet. Claraâ€"lint you told me you wouldn’t marry him. Doraâ€"Uf course I wouldn’t. But after all the time I've wasted on him, I think he might at least give me a chance to refuse him. No Need of Alarm. Man of Family~My dear, a rice trust has been formed, and there is no telling how soon rice may go up. Better lay in enough to last a year at least. Average Housewafcâ€"Very Fell, I'll send out and buy two or three pounds. the other day, was the nephew of the wife of Goethe, the poet. He was seventy-three PURELY CANADIAN NEWS. INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT OUR . COUNTRY. Points from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Fevers prevail at Levering. Midland has a boom in building. Melbourne has a new brass band. London is overrun with tagless dogs. Watertown is to have a military band. Kingston has about 60 female bicylists. Petroléa has a “Young Sports " Club. A $20,000 dock is to be built at North Glencoe is to have an Oddfellows new ball. Bears are plentiful in the country dis- tricts. The Berlin-Waterloo Hospital is com- plated. Belleville needs more school accommo- dation. Kingston has organized a Philharmonic Society. Ailsa Craig is troubled with pigeon thieves. A Baptist Church is being erected at Casboro’. David Vader committed suicide near Calgary. ' The Foothill Baptists are buying a parsonage. Bush fires prevail in several sections of Ontario. , The Berlin Saeugerbund has been incor- porated. St. Paul’s Church, Caledonia, has a new pipe organ. _ A Napanee girl rides her bicycle clad in bloomers. A band of white caps is said to exist in Petrolea. The Colonial Conference last summer cost $9,436. The Nanaimo, B. C., Council is in finan- cial trouble. Parry Sound is reaching out after a public park. Last year 21,000 tons of shipping was built in Canada. In April 370 settlers went into the Alberta district. A hear at Lovering recently carried off an SOâ€"pound pig. Walkerton’s population is 237 more than that of last year. Rev. John Reynolds, of Maidstone, is to be superannuated. The village of Harrow has a new fire engine and outfit. London will issue $36,500 debentures for school purposes. The Buctouche and Monoton railway is re-opened for traffic. It is proposed to re-organize the Amherst- burg brass band. The. Hubbard House, Clayton, has been enlarged at a cost of $12,()00. The Dunkards have just held their an- nual feast at Victoria Square. Valers’ post-office is closed because no one will serve as postmaster. The Catholic Church at Walkorton is being enlarged and renovated. A man at Ingersoll was fined $20 and costs for gambling on Sunday. A Government life saving stationis to be established at Fort Gratiot. lllansliard township, .Perth county, is without a single liquor license. The Newaboys’ Home, London, had to be abandoned for want of money. An attempt was made to wreck a G. T. R. train at Chatham last week. A carload of Chinamen recently passed through Ottawa on their way home. At Florence, West Middlesex, M. V. Morrill’s store was damaged by fire. A freight ferry is to be established be- tween Port Hope and Oak Orchard, N. Y. Montreal hoteimen are about doing away with “ runners ” on boats and trains. The first girl in bloomers who rides a bicycle in Petrolca will get a prize of 5.30. A Woodstock policeman had a girl ar- rested for calling him " a snoopy beggar,” Much valuable timber in north-western Manitoba was destroyed by fire last year. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Carpenter, former- ly of St. Thomas, have been divorced in Montana. The population of Graveiihurst _is 64 greater than that of last year. When it was 1837. 'l he Montreal monument to its founder' lie Maisoneuve, will be unveiled on‘ Dominion Day. {obert I’ringle. of Chicago, formerly of Scaforth, made $40,000 in two weeks in wheat speculation. {cv. Dr. Burns, for many years princi- pal of the Hamilton Ladics' College, in now proprietor of it. . Lealer I‘Iuycock, M. P. P., will address a number of meetings in llruce and Grey counties tnis summer. The lllh't: chief ofllvtt-rs of the Royal Society of Canada are natives of the .‘lnri- time l'rovinces. The president, llr. Bouri- not, is a native of Cape llroton ; the vice- mesidcnt, ArvhbiehopO‘Brien, belongs to Prince l‘i'daari Island ; and the secretary, 1);; George S.enart,is a New Brunswickcr. _.___..__.__._...._.__.. ,_. Solemn Truth» One hiisinczss man met another on the street. The second man seemvd downcast, and had a look as if he were ashamed of himself. What is the matter Ill-.kell the first man \Veil to put it briefly. soul the other, I have hut-n speculating in stocks. indeed? Were you a bull or a bear '! Nc:therâ€"-l was an ass. Sunburnt. of Course. I wonder why when husband goes, (loo-l Mrs. Noggles saul, Agfi'sl’nng «wry day or two, It makes his mos so rmii 4...--a... . «any»... imaab¢l~a‘.m“‘>â€"~4bâ€"â€" Wâ€"m- ~.-...;31L‘4‘ . , _.._~___V_«~ v»