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.\'0 TBS AXD 6'01! 1 RN TS’. AGREL‘ULTURAL - I fix“ 71‘ fig" * 1. svr‘w'a‘ w .my . nan-{x235 if _ , '5. E. t-é The long and interesting discussion in the French Chamber on the subject of old-age pensions was ended by an agreeâ€" ment on a vote of 9,000,000 francs for workingman's superannuation pensions. This amount is small, and the conditions which limit are not in accordance with the idea underlying the measure as it was pro- posed. But the event is of importance as the first forward step, the first practical enactment on a subject which is undoubted ly destined to modify the course of legisla- tion in all European countries and per- haps eventually in this country. The So- cialist idea in France is that every work man shall be entitled to a pension in his old age. The present bill provides for pensions only for those who have contri- buted to the benefit societies. The limit of the benefits to be derived from both the societies and the state pension is fixed at 365 francs per annum. The details are interesting but too numerous to be given here. The main point is the acceptance of the idea. The interest in this question is far from being confined to republican France. In Germany the difference of opinion about it is merely a difierence on details. The principle has been accepted almost univers- ally. But the most remarkable illustration of the strength of this movement is given by conservative England. The report of the royal commission on the question of old-age pensions almost justifies the predic« tion that provision for these pensions will snon be a recognized function of the British Government. At first sight this looks like a reversal of the laissez-faire idea which has traditionally controlled English politics] economy. But it is only fair to remark that the old-age pension in England is largely a substitute for the poorhouse. It would certainly be an improvement on it. The experiments now going on in Europe are of interest to all who pay any attention to the development of modern legisla- tion. _‘ Since the time of Hobbes the economic questions connected with rapid increase of population have 'been widely debated. The results of a great augment in the world 3 population have occasioned philosophic fear. But the question sometimes turns another face to us. Warmaking power means ability to waste human life freely without serious loss to national resources, in a word, plenty of food for gunpowder. This has lately been a theme of active dis- cussion in the French journals. Of all the nations of Europe France has shown the slightest gain in population. Its census of 1801 showed thirty-eight odd millions, a gain of scarcely 700,000 in ten years. An,- Jther striking fact often discussed by M. Quatrefoges, the leading French anthro- pologist, is the general lack of men of powerful and virile physique. This the scientist has attributed to the wholesale slaughter-house of the Napoleonic wars. Germany and England. on the other hand, the two powers most feared by France,have shown a steady and notable increase in population. With the great revolution in death-deal- ing weapons, wars to-day will be quickly decided. The terrific drain of long cani- paigns must cease. But while nations are kept to such an extent under arms each one must present as formidable a front as pos- sib‘e from the outset. This terrible demand diverts national energy greatly from the normal uses of peace. The larger the popu- lation the less this diversion is felt. Jules Simon, in the Figaro, quotes these words of a German statesman: ” Why bother ourselves about France : she loses a battle every year.” This scoinful inol has touched the quick not only of Gallic vanity but of the question itself. The whole tendency of France for many years has run to small families if not to-purposely childless mar- riages. The French have wakoncd to the fact with not a little alarm, for it is a pregnant question,both in the issues of war and peace. ______..._..._.___. Corpse Had Turned to Stone. The other afternoon the relatives of Mrs. Hannah Sebrell, who died nine years ago and was buried in Lexington, Ohio, ceme- tery-,re-opened the grave for the purpose of removing the remains to the Alliance cemetery. On attempting to raise the casket it was found to be so heavy that the two men who were doing the work could not move it. The colliu was opened and a remarkable sight met- their gaze. The entire body was in a perfect state of petri- ficatiun,being as hard as granite and looked as if it had been chilled out of marble. It required the entire strength of four men to lift the body to the top of the grave. A new coffin was procured and the remains taken to Alliance, Ohio, and re~interred. Unutterahle. Do you not sometimes have soulful yearn- ings which you long to convey in words, but can not! asked the sentimental girl. Yes, indeed, replied the young man. 1 was once dreadfully anxious to send home for money and i didn't have the price of a telegram. A Law Lvrle. Delay me not, I'm off to court, l'ee hust'inc lawyer and: Tr. n all" be u w: t to court the girl 'l "a: "w wu going to Wed. Cooling Milk in the Well. The sketch herewith shows a simple an with a little expense construct, writes a large herds rare. Many of the old roads ofg'he would escape the other dog and get panic“ farmer" The fin, [hing required our breeding are full of deep places, andlaway quietly by going out at the other is a well of good size in diameter and of cool water. I made the experiment early last spring by hanging the cans in the Well and was so well satisfied with the results 1 HOW MuCh Butter can be Made made the needed arrangement for hoisting From Milk' and lowering the cans by use of a crank Time do“ “05 Permit "‘3 t0 8° into d°‘ which can be attached to each roller. Three “"3 to Show the P8550". but much investi- cans are all that are needed in my creamery, gallon 11“ demonstrated the f8“! “‘3? {0" “ch one holding a milking, which allows each pound of fat- in milk one should-make about one and one-eighths pounds or one pound two ounces of butter. To find out how much butler should be made from 100 pounds of milk,multiply the per cent.of fat in milk by one and one-eighth. For example From 100 pounds of milk‘containing 3 per cent. of fat, we should make about three pounds six ounces of butter; from 100 pounds of milk containing4 per cent. of fat, lour and one-half pounds of butter; from 00 pounds 5 per cent. milk,five pounds ten uncss of butter, etc. Suppose, in making butter, we get more or less than the calcu- lated yield. How shall we explain this? If less than the calculated amount of butter is made, the decrease must be due to one or bot-h of two causes. First,excessive loss of fat in skim milk and buttermilk; and, second, the working or pressing out of too much water. If more butter is made than the rule calls for, then it is due to the fact that more than a fair amount of moisture has been left in the butter, caused by un- favorable conditions of churning, or by insufficient working. These facts enable the buttenmaker to find out whether he is making mistakes in his work, and whether he is getting the best results in butter yield. macadam plan of good, solid foundation. FIG. 1. 36 hours for each setting. The cans should have covers to keep out dirt and insects, bub not, be air-Light, and can be made to hold a larger quantity where more rows are kept” but should be about three times the height of the diameter, with the space be- tween the curb floor and the case roller to allow the can to pass freely through. The sketch is so simple it seems unnecessaryl to explain its construction. One point to be kept in mind is to see that the cans are not set we deep in rainy weather as the Water may rise and overturn the milk. Snaps are used on the ends of the rope to attach the can, as seen in Fig l. The cover of the case is so nude that when closed it slants back to shed rain. The front piece (see Fig. 2) is detachable and sets in so that when closed it can be locked witha pallock. All who have seen it think highly ofit as it is a creamery without the‘ use of ice, which isexpen- sive to have and a great deal of work to use. On one oc- casion in market I FIG. 2. meta man who has used a creamery for many years and who thought it would pav him to dig a well purposely instead of using ice. Setting of milk in wells is so common that this device ought to be gener- ally used by farmers. Fashionable Dresses for Children. This trio of children are tastefully dress- ed in spring costumes of light-weight wool in fashionable tints. The child‘s dress in Figure 1 shows the back of the same The Guernseysa So far as breeding livestock is concerned, eve‘ry farmer is a law to himself; but it is not'so in any' other line of his work, writes Silas BettsL For grain or vegetables or fruits, he studies to produce that which Will be best suited for the purpose, realiz- ing that in this lies his success or failure in the race for profit. The law of develop- ment may be slower in the animal than in other lines, but it is no less certain. Each breed inherits the essential qualities which distinguish it from other breeds, and each animal from every other. The breeding problem is to recognize the desirable of these qualities and intensify them, and to eliminate those that are undesirable. I have worked at this for twenty-four years, and not one-half of my hopes have been realiZed. We should each form an ideal, and, since it is difficult, if not impossible, to realize our hopes, drop the non-essentials. The essentials are a good constitution. A cow with this will be found a good feeder, and it should be inherited from a long line of ancestors. In size. 901 pounds should be the lowest limit. Economical production should he, say. 6,000 to 8,000 pounds of milk per annum, with a percentage of not less than 5 per cent of butter fat. Such a cow, whether it have a short or a long tail; have horns incurred or turned out; a black nose or a white one, or has hair of red or orange, should be honored as a foundation cow, and no inducement should part her from her home as long as the breeding herd remained there. A bull, sun of model cow of another herd, should be retained so long as the get appears to possess the essen- tial qualities of the foundation cow, and I would use such even to imbreeding rather than risk a violent cross. Success lies in , a degree of close breeding, while the coni- umnplace is the result of continual out- crossing. Occasional good may come from poor quality, but reversion is apt to follow be- cause of prepotency. The habit of displac- ing bulls every year or two is due to preju. dice. A reservoir cannot contain pure water if fed liv a thousand rivulels, half of them foul. When ancestry is normal the odsiiritig will he norniil: with an imperfect knowledge of the material the result must remain uncertain. Those who have thought out. their methods have worked out the best results. The horse breeder who narrowed his pur- poses to speed achieved most wonderful lresults: he went for speed and got it. “’1: late after milk and butter, and shall get it when we keep to rational lines. 0n the. A DOG IN CHURCH. All the Congregation Inn-rested in an Incl- dcnl of a Summer Day. "You might think," said a church usher, “that there was nothing to do in a church but seat people; but, dear me, strange things are happening all the time. One summer day, when the church doors were open, I saw a dog appear. I stood at the hack of the pews just beyond the end of the middle aisle, and the dog stood right at the end of the aisle, looking at me and wagging his tail. He was a nice-looking dog, a sort- of red dog, shaggy and gentlelooking, but of course church was no place for him. Bu he was nearer the aisle than I was, and he was bound to make the tour of the church and I was sure he would start down the middle aisle the moment I made any serious elfort to put him out. Still I advanced to- ward him with a friendly bearing and out- stretched liand, hoping that he would stand still until 1 could get between him and the aisle. He wagged his tail good-humoredly when he saw me approach, but before I could get. near enough to cut him off he started down the aisle, so softly that nobody heard him, and nobody saw him un- til he had passed. “In one of the pews, about half way down the aisle, sat a little girl with one band resting on the arm of the pew. The dog halted hers, and with his nose gently pushed the little girl’s hand ml the pew. She snatched it away and looked around wonderingly, and saw for the first time the dog wagging his tail and looking at her. She laughed outright; and then the dog wagged his tail more and started on again. By this time everybody in the church knew about the dog, and everybody was interest- ed in him. " He Kept on down the middle aislc, past the pulpit, and around the end of one of the blocks of pews toward a side aisle and started along the side aisle toward the rear of the chat ch again. Then the sexton started up the side aisle from the rear of the church, intending to drive the dog out, but when the dog saw him coming he wagged his tail and turned and started back the way he had come and around in~ fo the middle aisle again. He stopped there once and turned toward the pulpit and looked up at the minister, wagging his tail all the time, he seemed to be the best natured dog that ever livod. " Then he turned once more and started back. He came down to where he had started and then trotted along the base of the paws and out of the church by a door opposite to the one by which he had catered. The instant he stepped through when we must rebuild let it be upon the l door; but the other dog must have guessed his intentions, for he was waiting for him there. "Our dog didn't want to fight, but he didn’t run away; good-natured, shaggy, and gentle as he was, he pitched in and fought like a demon. Between them they made more noise than an earthquake. It pretty nearly broke up the gravity of the entire congregation, and the sexton had to go out and drive them away; so we never knew how the fight came out." EFFECT OF THE NEW RIFLES. â€"-â€" A Surgeon in China Says They Wound More )lcn. But Not so Severely. The evolution of the modern military small bore rifle has been of so recent date that, until the war in the East, no oppor- tunity has occurred to enable comparisons to be made of the destructiveness in actual warfare of the long, thin bullet of the new weapon with the larger and heavier ball of the older style gun. Up to the present tim e the knowledge of the surgical results of the marked reduction in caliber has been based upon the experiments made upon bodies of men and animals by numerous investigators in this country and abroad. The deductions made from these tests have naturally been largely of a theoretical nature, and as such have not been entirely satisfactory to mili- tary surgeons and others interested in the development of the small-bore rifle. During the progress of the Eastern war a portion of the Japanese army was armed . . . . . » . fl ‘.mftti‘sfl'.c“:‘l§{.‘:.?m§m2°illigéllzitil‘l‘flaf clone: '22: PURELY CANADIAN NEWS. We found the Guernseys we first receiv- ldidn‘t; he just hung around outside and ed from the island so superior we desired lwaited. The peaceful dog was diplomatic, more; then the demand was so great welyou see, too; he went out by a different d were tempted to part with many, and some- . door from the one he came inst. thinkingmo , times with our best. Moderate-sized herds doubt,thatthedog thatwanteuto fightwould successful creamery that any farmer '3‘“ of Guernseys are. therefore, numerous, but 3 wait for him where he came in, and that INTERESTING ITEMS asous can own COUNTRY. â€"â€"â€" Gathered from Vat-Ions Points hen the Atlantic to the heme Wyoming has a gun club. The Ottawa river is rising rapidly. Wild ueese are numerous this season. Maple village is troubled with burglars. Kingston’s rate of taxation is 17:} mills. l Watford is tired of its early closing by' aw. Bradford dogs must hereafter be regis~ tered. Cookstown is looking towards incorpor- ation. The Masonic Hall at Clinton has been renovated. Blenheim will have vertical writing in its schools. Brockville's Athletic ClubLhouse will cost $1,600. St. Thomas’ church, Seaforth, has a new new $35,000. The McClary buildings at London are to be enlarged. Last month 370 settlers entered the Alberta district. The G. T. R. will erect a new passenger station at Glencoe. A new Conservatory of Music has been built in St. Thomas. American buyers have exhausted the Manitoba beef market. There are two more desertions from “A” battery, Kingston. A white rat with pink eyes is the latest curiosity in Sarnia. Ingersoll is looking towards the forms- tion of a Humane Society. Berlin’s street railway system is being changed to an electric line. Miss Maggie Keefer, of Strathroy, has jgone to Japan as a missionary. - Tho Buctouclie and Monctou railway has again been opened for traffic. The united choirs of \Vestern Ontario will meet at London this summer. Hamilton livery men want the bicycles taxed, as they injure the livery trade. Chatham will do herself proud July I in honour of her incorporation as a city. Every township in Muskoka and Parry Sound will have a cheese factory this spring. The library of the late Rev. JJV. Annie, M.A., of London, has been sold at auction. The Woodstock Council protests against the reduction of tolls unless those who have invested are reimbursed. During 1894 102 prisoners were commit- ted to the Walkerton jail. The total cost of maintenance of the institution was $2,â€" 034. pipe organ. The Lady Thompson memorial fund is l Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, is the first Jewess who has received a medical degree in Canada. I Miss Landau, who passed recently at l l charming little gown given at the left in l Watford and Zion Congregational church- . Figure 3. The distinguished Characteristic l es have extended a unanimous call to Rev. l in all these little gowns is simplicity. The models are artistic and easily copied.â€" Toronto Ladies’ Journal. __ MWâ€" weapon carrying acopper and nickle-plated bullet of a diameter of. 315-inches,weiching 233 grains, and projected with a muzzle veiomty of 1850 feet per second. [his weapon approximates the Lee-Metford magazine rifle of the English army. The character of the wounds made by the Mars ta iifie, as shown by the Chinese injured in the military operations in Manchuria, is given in detail by Dr. Dugald Christie, or the Moukden Medical Mission, in a letter to the British Medical Journal. with the Murata rifle, a small bore Since part of the Japanese forces were provided with a modification of the old Martini- Henry rifle, with its comparatively moderate velocity, the effects of the two forms of bullets were the more marked and striking. The contused, lacerated wounds of the softer large-bore bullets, with their characteristic ragged point of entrance, the extensively splintered bone, and the gaping exit so well known to the older army sur- geons, contrasted forcibly with the small, l clean-cut wounds made by the small-cali- Margett, of Fergus, which has been accepted. Miss Cora Coleman, a 17-year-old orphan girl, claiming to belong to Houlton, Me., and boarding in St. John, N. 13., attempted suicide. Of the 5,322 schoolhouses in Ontario 2,448 are of brick or stone, 2,386 frame, and 488 of logs. The expenditure on Public schools in 1893 was $3,780,000. Nine thousand pounas of gold quartz from the mammoth mine in Sudbiiry dis- trict have been shipped to the mining school at Kingston for examinatiou. A man in Lindsay received damages against the Bell Telephone Company for $600 for iniuries received by coming in contact with a live wire carelessly strung on the street. The other day a son of Mr. H. Pethick of Orillia. was playing with a dog when the animal turned on him and bit the lad on the eye, bursting it and totally destroy- Iing the sight. A sample of ginger wtnc bought in a London store where only temperance ? beverages were supposed to be sold, was lfound to contain ten per cent. of proof spirits. The following new post offices were bered bullet, the absence of bruising of the established in Ontario mi” month ‘ Al’d' /lrrge soft bullets, moving at a relatively ' comminution of the bones and the rapidit surrounding tissues, the slight tendency to 193'! Omar“ County; Early“, Simmei Hardwood Lake, Renfrcw; Longbank, with which the wound healed. While the Boulwe,“ i mundeyiue' .“lmlloh' and increased explosive action which is given to: PM” Sound 3 ‘Vh’mey' N‘Pm-‘mlg- velocity would apparently point to greateri Mr. Amos Green, Oxford Centre, has a inullberry scion set last spring which men- destruction of the tissues, it was shown sures 4feet9 l-4 inches in length als'o a that the harder shell of the ball, and its plum graft which sent out two branches. lesser liability to become deformed, resulted on the whole in an explosive effect not sol marked. From an experience with a large niimbers of the Wounded. from the battles of Ping“l Yang, Chin~Chow and other cngsgemsnts' in the region of Manchuria, Ur. Christie is led to conclude that, while the new bullet of small caliber and great velocity may I the small-caliber bullet by the high muzzle! The smallest of these was removed last week and measured 4 feet 4 3-4 inches. A correspondent in the Orillia Times protests against the proposal to grant a “ club license” in that town. He says: “ The average Weekly takings over ()rillia bars is over $1,501), and the larger part of this sum is handed out by men who com- :plisill bitterly of the hard times and the wound a larger _ number of men, it is less ' acurcity 01 money." destructive in its effects on the tissues of the body, and therefore less fatal than the older missile. Chinese Courtesy. A man who hasjust returned from China Arnold Monday, a Carrick. Bruce county, farmer, has just had two fingers cut off in a straw cutter. Within twelve months his daughter has broken her arm, his son has died, he has lost $4,000 in a lawsuit, his wife met with a serious acci- dent, and Monday himself, on a previous tells a cheerful story of his entertainment Occuion. WM Mme“ by 0 Piece 0‘ U"le there. He was taking tea‘onc day with a and never fully recovered. mandarin of some sort or another, and the question of Chinese execution coming up he expressed an idle curiosity to see one. ~â€"â€"â€"-â€" â€" -‘ Stub Ends of Thought. Most people who cast their bread upon Two days afterwa'd a lackey waited on the waters expect it to return to them as him with the mandarin’s compliments, on . pie. invite him to witness the beheading of two criminals on the following day. The fol- lowing day it rained, and he was unable to attend the execution. Four days later the ; same lackey waited on him again, with the ; same compliments, and informed him that Duty is disagreeable. \Vomcn ouch; to learn that matrimony was never intended as salvation for men. Dishonesty is constant in its appeal that Justice be tempered with Mercy. \V hen a woman knows she is well dressed, mum we“. an. many ma 1C, of me,“ in the door we heard the most tremendous the execution had been postponed to await it is difficult to ruflle her temper. breeding. Some select the but, and have uproar ; he had met another dog outside. lcheapcr nlathods, and, ct-nsmwently, hive had come into the church to escape the lampiisition of good qualities; hence, tlielwppose be ‘vhonfihtlf the 01h” dog 88W his pleasure, and would talte place on the 1 most convenient to him. It would not take 3 l . , . . . l "1.6er sump. R,_,.,_n.;,,n ,3 sum. man the other dog; he didn‘t. want to fight, and I] place until his arrival. There is nothing I ll ke Chinese politeness, anyway. i Prosperity makes more fools than silver. the brat to slow forit: others have soul'ht A9 5 "ll-“91' 0‘ incl. I “FPO” 0'" dog “V'flow “ “a” hm" he Chou 1° "lea " i “W doe“ W 9 need sorrow as the flowers imed nigh i. The [mores the man, the richer his imag- ination. â€".._. ' ' .{IETI'.,.'....’.-~ :