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' kiwi. h-hl-~â€" 15.x..- x~,.,-..N..A.,n_wt,» â€" - ~ n4‘*-‘~"”*‘ ““w‘w‘ “no N énl‘hxroma» r. :54- .s epmMJ V roads. "ones for drainage purposes. wâ€"-..-... . â€"._._Nâ€".. SEEK“ DRlW‘EACKS 0 irTO RURAL LIFE ARE BAD ROADS AND LACK OF GOOD ONES. l -'More Than Any Other Clan the Farmers : Sufl‘er l'rom Those Evilsâ€"Some of the Benefits to Farmers Enumerated That Would Accruo to Them Through the Institution of Good Roads. - ‘Value of Good Roads to Farmers. â€"â€"Bad roads constitute the greatest drawback to rural life, and for, the Jack of good roads the farmers sui- ifer more than any other class. Some of the benefits that would accrue to .:farmers through the construction of good roads are: Good roads, like good streets, make habitation along them most desir- able; they economize time and force in transportation of products, reduce Wear and tear on horses, harness and ‘vehicles, and enhance the market \alue of real estate. ‘They raise the .valuc of farm lands and farm pro- ducts and tend to beautify ‘the coun- try through which they pass; they facilitate rural mail delivery and are a potent aid to education, religion and sociability. Charles Sumner once said: “The road and the school- master are the two most important. agents in advancing civilization." Characteristics of Good Roads.â€" "1‘he aim in making a good road is to establish the easiest, shortest and most economical line of travel. It is ‘ therefore desirable that roads should be hard, smooth, comparatively level, or laid out on the ground so that their grades may be such that loadâ€" ~cd vehicles may be drawn over them without great loss of energy; that they should be properly constructed. ‘the ground well drained, the roadbe'd graded, shaped and rolled, and that "they should be surfaced’with the best material procurable; that they should be properly maintained or kept con- ntantly in good repair. The road that will best suit the .needs of the farmer in the first place, must not be too costly; and, in the second place, must be of the very best kind, for farmers should be able ‘to do their heavy hauling over them 'When their fields are too wet to work and their teams would otherwise be fidle. , The best road for the farmer, all ‘things being Considered, is a solid ‘Wcll-built stone road, so narrow as to be only a single track, but having :.a firm earth road on one or both siJes. Where the traffiic is not. very ,«extensive the purposes of good roads rare~ better served by narrow tracks than by wide ones, while many of the wbiectionable features of wide tracks .are removed, the initial cost of con- strustion is cut down one-half or more, and the charges for repair re- »‘duced in proportion. Where beds of good gravel are available this is the simplest, cheapest and most efiective .method of improving country roads. With earth alone, however, a very passable road can be made, provided the principles of loaation, drainage .and shape of surface, together with that of keeping the surface as smooth and firm as possible by rolling, be strictly adhered to. In fact a good «Barth road is second to none for summer travel, and superior to many not the soâ€"called macadam or stone But the earth roads must be -covered with some artificial materi- :al, if they are to be made firm and .unyielding at all seasons and in all kinds of weather, with a surface :smooth and impervious to water. Good Roads Trainâ€"The Depart- 'ment of Public Road Inquiries and the. National Good Roads Associa- tion of the United States combined their forces a couple of years ago for the purpose of furnishing object lessons on the construction and value .of good roads to farmers in a, large number of counties. A Good Roads ’l‘rain was equipped and run between "Chicago and New Orleans, building Slam-t sample stretches of model road, and building local conventions in various counties along the route. By this means splendid educational work Was done in the direction of impres- :slnp; upon the people the desirability of better roads, and the facility with which they can be constructed. Realizing the great good that .vvould be accomplished if a. similarly e-luippcd train were operated in Ca.- nada, an effort was made early in :1901 to arrange for wOrk‘ of this :sort in the Ottawa district. Chiefly through the exertions of Mr. H. B. .Cowan of Ottawa, secretary of the Good [wads Association of Eastern Ontario. manufacturers of road-mak- inq. machinery were induced to sup- ply free of charge all the necessary 'nuurhinery for such an enterprise, and also three or four experts to take charge of and operate the machinery. A cement company aided the enter- prise by donating some 150 to 200 llmrrels of cement {or the construo~ tion of concrete culverts which are mun-h more satisfactory than wooden Further avsistance was given to the move- ment. by the railway companies which all agreed to transport the necessary machinery and experts over their lines without charge. Sample Stretches oi Roadâ€"It is .‘(lesirable that all heavy traffic roads should be macadamized or gravelled, wherever the materials are available for the purpose. In .order .to give an ohicct. lesson on the value of such roads, and the proper manner to build them, the Good Roads Train v.1... cmployed to build a. model stretch oi stone road from a third to a half mile in extent, in each of ten (-ovutics, and to roli and grade an- aslditéoual stretch. The selection of the unions stretches of road was lief-t with the County Councils, with 't‘i‘ns wmdcisamding that {the Townshin Councils should iurnlsn an the neces- sary stone, teams, laborers, etc. Owâ€" ing. to the heavy expense incurred, each County Council was asked to make a, grant- of $100 for each stretch of road built. In building these sample roads, the first thing is to provide the requisite drainage, which is the fundamental principle of road-making. The road- bed is then shaped with the grader, making the centre considerably high- er than the sides so that the water will readily run of! into the ditches. Alter rolling with the big steam roller, a trench about eight feet. wide and six inches deep is cut down the Centre of the road. Into this trench is put first a layer of coarse broken stone; then a. layer of fine stone, lastly a layer of still finer stone as a dressing. This last layer helps to bind all the stone into a solid mesa, while the sides of the trench hold it all in place. The tenâ€"ton steam roller is run ox’er each layer of stones as it is put on. The rolling is always done down the sides of the trench first so that the stones will be crowded towards the centre. When the' rolling of the sample stretch is completed, the stone should be about seven inches deep, which is sufficient to stand ordinary traffic. Such. a road may heave to a slight extent in some looalities, but the expense of keeping it in repair will be much less than for an ordinary clay road. Cost of Such Roadsâ€"Roads such as those that have been built by the Good Roads Train cost anywhere from $500 to $1,000 per mile, ac- cording to management and cost of stone. The average stone road costs from $600 to $750 per mile. Such roads needa certain amount of re- pairing, the same as other roads, but not much. . . The number of cords of stone re- quired for a. mile of road depends 0.]- together upon the depth of stone laid down Outfit of Machineryâ€"A traction onâ€" gine for hauling the grader and working the crusher, a, crusher, ele- vator bins, spreading Wagons, and a. five or six ton horse roller would cost altogether about $2,800, and this outfit would be sufficient to do all the work for any ordinary muni- cipality_.:-â€"F. .W. Hodson. W. D. PREOR, Agent for oncnus, PIAHOS, sswmc MACHINES and ’ MASSEY-HARRIS FARM IMPLEMENTS. We guarantee goodf goods at reasonable prices. Call and see our instruments and machines before buying. Shun opposite Post-office, FENELGN FALLS. ruin llllS sum is printed every Friday at the office, corner May and Francis Streets. SUBSCRIPTION 2 $1.00 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE or one cent per week will be added, as long as it remains unpaid. Advertising Rates. Professional or business cards, 50 cents per line per annum. Cnsualadverlisements, 8 cents per line for the first insertion, and 2 cents per line for every subsequent inser- tion. Contracts by the year, half year or less, upon reasonable terms. JOB PRINTING executed neatly, cor- ectly and at. moderate prices. E. D. HAND, Proprietor. J. G. McKeggie 8. 00., (ssmsmssso I879.) BANKERS, FEHELOH FALLS, - our. Agents: The Bank of British North America. A general up-to-date banking business transacted. Current accounts with merchants and business men opened on the usual terms, and careful attention given to the business of our customers. ‘ Deposits Received. Deposit Receipts anngavings Bank books issued on ncconnt of the Bank of British North America, Toronto, and usual rate or interest allowed. is. A. Bishop, Actinglianager. These are iu “ er, dearer, longer or shorter. pa bu yO ¢ 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 Co 5. . \Ve have been very careful this sea- son in buying only the newest and nobbiest coats, consequently our stock is of the best and values not to be equalled elsewhere. we have jackets as low as $2.50 and as high as SIO.’ Our Jacket No. 805 is a beauty, made of all- wool Frieze, in gray and black, 28 m. long, also lined, with velvet collar. . price for this perfect-fitting com. 18 . ...... 4.95 Jacket No. 811 (same as cut) is made of all- wool Frieze in grey and black, ‘28 in. long, and linedâ€"a very popular style. Our special price is only Jacket No. 832, 40 in. long, all-wool Frieze, double yoke, lined, bell sleeve, slash pocket and velvet collar. . . I either box back or semi-fittmg, in black or Oxford grey. , four st les. st a few 0 gm be pleased to Show them. THE BIGGEST VALUE ever ofi‘ered IN LADIES’ COATS Our special ........ 6.65 We have this one in n 8.00 We have them cheap- Regular $10. Our price WM. CAMPBELL. BILL HEADS, NOTE HEADS, LETTER HEADS, STATEMENTS, CIRCULARS, ENVELOPES, E POSTERS. DODGERS, SHIPPING TAGS, PROGRAMMES, ' BLANK NOTES, RECEIPTS, ETC., WEDDING INVITATIONS, MEMORIAL CARDS, LADIES’ VISITING CARDS. We have lately added a stock of type and. stationery for printing Wedding Invitations, Calllng Cards, etc., and can turn out first class work at reasonable pr1ces. Come and see samples. Francis Street West. “ Gazette” Office. M WES. GROCERIES DEPARTMENT. We desire to call your attention to the following line or goods, just received : Choice Cleaned Currants; Choice Seeded Raisins, one pound ckages (East Brand); V l ' Raisins- Sultana Raisins. Bagging Peel; 3 Soft-shell Almonds; Shelled Grenoble Walâ€" nuts; Shelled Almonds. CROCKERY DEPARTMENT For the next two weeks we will offer special value in these goods; also a. large stock of Fancy Goods, Lamps etc. BOOT AND SHOE DEPARTMENT. Toilet and Dinner Sets. Fine Filiated Currants; Selected A full stock of Crosse & A full line of the best goods and latest styles money can Y- a buy or not. READY-MADE CLOTHING DEPARTMENT. . Call and see our Men’s, Youths’ and Boys’ Suits, also a. nice line of Ulstersrand Overcoats. lines of new goods Just p These are only a few of the laced in stock. You are invited to take a close look through the stocks and compare pr1ces whether Our 250. Tea is immense value. JCS. McrAnLAND. ooooaoaooe NO CHARGE. Step in and have your Watch regulated. Whether bought from us or not N 0 charge. you will receiVe the same courtesy. And if it requires cleaning, or if an y repair- ing is necessary, we will do it promptly at small cost, compatible with good work. Britton Bros, Jewellers. them uncalled for is 'rz'ma fem" ‘ - LINDSAY: . of intentional fralid. P L endence Fun! of Kent Street. ' CANADIAN ORDER OF SOCIETIES.” i 1 NIGHTS OF TENTED MACCABEES Diamond Tent No. 208. Meets in the True Blue halLin McArtliur’s Block on the first and third Tuesday in each month. CHAS. Wiss, Com. 0 W. Buncovss, R. K. W . CANADIAN ORDER OF ODDFELLOWS Trent. Valley Lodge No. 7l. Meet in the Orange hall on Francis street west on the first and third Mondays in each month D. Bnonsusnms, N. G. J. T. THOMPSON JR., Sec. W L O.L.No. 996. MEET IN THE ORANGE . ball on Francis-St. West on the second Tuesday in every month. J. J. NEVISON, W. M. F. J. Arnovs, Rec-Sec. W INDEPENDENT ORDER of FORESTERS. , Court Phoenix No. 182. Meet on the last Monday of each month, in the True Blue hall in McArthur’s Block. D. GOULD, Chief Ranger. Tuos. AUSTIN, R. S. W FORESTERS Fenelon Falls Lodge No. 626. Meet; in the Orange Hall on Francis stree‘t west on the first Thursday of each month. Tuso. Jov, CliiefRanger, P. DEYMAN, Sec. M ‘1ANADIAN HOME CIRCLES. FENE (j LON Falls Circle No. 127, meets in the True Blue hall in McArthur’s Bl first Wednesday in every month. Mk the P. C. BURGESS Leader. R. B. SYLVESTER, Secretary. F. AND A. M., G. R. C. THE SP A. Lodge No. 406. Meets on the 51:31: Wednesday of each mouth,on or before the full of the moon in the l . Cunningham’s Black. Odge room in F. A. )IcDiAnmn, W. M. E. FITZGERALD, Secretary. gm“ CHURCHES. R BAPTIST CHURCHâ€"QUEEN ST REV . BenJ. Davies, Minister. Preaching servrces every Sunday at 107.30 mm. and 7 p. m. Bible Class and Sunday School at 2.30 p.m. Praise and m I _ Thursday 943 pm. P yer sewioe on METHODIST CHURCH â€" COLBORNE Strect~â€"Rcv. John Garbutt, Pastor Sunday service at 10.30 a. m.and 7 p m. Sabbath School at 2.30 p. m. Epwortll League of Christian Endeavor, Tuesday evening at. 8 o’clock. Pru er meeti Thursday evening at 7.30. y ng on ST. ANDREW’S CHURCHâ€"COLBOIINE Streetâ€"Rev. R. C. H. Sinclair, Pus- tor. PScrvrces every Sunday at 10.30 a. m and (l p in. Sunday School everv Sunday at 2 :30 p. in. Christian Endeavor: meeting every Tuesday at 8 p. m. Pm er every Thursday at 7.30 p. m. y meeung N (ALVATION ARMYâ€"BARRACKS ON Bond St. Westâ€"Capt Kivell & Lieut. Jago. Sex-Vice every Wednesday, Thurs- day and Saturday evenings at 8 p. 111., and on Sundaysat 11 a. m.,3 p. In. em” 30 p.m. ST. ALOYSIUS R. C. CHURCHâ€"LOUISA Streetâ€"Rev. Father O’Lesry, Pastor. Serv1ces every alternate Sunday at 10.30 a. in. Sunday School every Sunday at2 p. m \- ST. JAMES’S CHURCHâ€"BOND STREET Eastâ€" Rev. R. MacNamara, Pastor. Servxcc every Sunday at. 10.30 a. m. and 7 p. in. Sunday School every Sunday at 2.30 P. m. Bible class ever Th , at 7.30 o’clock, y “’Sdny evening NM . Seats free in all churches. Everybody mmted to attend. Slrangers cordially welcomed w MISCELLANEOUS. “- UBLIC LIBRARY4PATRICK KELL - I Y Librarian.' Open daily, Sunday except: ed, from 10 o’clock u. 111. [ill l0 p. m. Book exchanged on Tuesdays and Saturdays from 12 a.m. till 3 p. m. and in the cvenin f . r 7 to 9. Reading room in connection.g om \OST-OFFICEâ€"F. J. KERR, POSTMAS- ter. Open daily, Sundays excepted from 7.30 a. m. to 7 p. in. Mail going soutli closes at 7.35 8.. in. Mail going north closes at 11.25 a. 111. Letters for registration must be posted half an hour revbu time foI- closing the mails p l S to the M NEWSPAPER LAW, 1. A postmaster is required to i ' by letter (returning the pspergclgegoggi answer the law), when a. subscriber doe not take his paper out of the office a g state the reusims for its not being takeun Any neglect. to do so makes the postmaste' responsible to the publisher for payment I . 2. If any person orders his paper discon- tmued he must pay all arrearages, or the publisherunay continue to send it until payment is made, and collect the whole amount, Whether it is taken from the office or not. There can be no legal discontinu ance until the payment is made. .- 3. Any person who takes a a the post-office, whether directriadpezt'ofipll’in name or another, or whether he has subs scribed or not, is responsible for the pa - 4. If a subscriber orders his paper toybe stopped at a certain time, and the pub lisher continues to send, the subscriber 1.; bound to pay for it if he takes it out of the post-office. This proceeds upon the ground that. a man must [my for what he uses. 5. The courts have decided that refusing to take newspapers and periodicals from the post-office, or removing and leaving n IREG '1' on??ch A .hf