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. l '1 \A IN- BENE‘FITS THAT \VOULD AC- CRUE T0 FARMERS. .â€" The Best Read for This Country, and Hints on How to Build It. Bad roads constitute the grealfist irawback to rural life, and for the lack of good roads the farmers sufâ€" fer more than any other class. Some of the benefits. that would accrue to farmers through the construction of good roads are :-â€" _ “Good roads, like good streets, make habitation along them most. desirable; they economize time and force in tranSportation of products, reduce wear and tear on horses, harness and. vehicles. and enhance the market 'alue of real estate. They raise the value of farm lands and farm products and tend to beautify the country through which they pass ; thev facilitate rural mail delivery, and are a potent aid to education, religion and sociabil- ity.” Charles Sumner once 'said. “The road and the schoolmaster are the two most. important agents in advancing civilization.” CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD ROADS. _ The aim in making a good read is to establish the easiest, shortest, and most economical line of travel. it is therefore desirable that reads should be hard, smooth, comparaâ€" tively level, or laid out on the ground so that their grades may be such that loaded vehicles may be drawn over them without great loss of energy ; that they should be pro- perly constructed, the ground well drained, the roadbed graded, shaped and rolled, and they should be sur- faced with the best materials pro- :urable ; that. they should be proâ€" perly maintained or kept constantly IN G OOD REPAIR. The road that will best suit the deeds of the farmer in the first place must not be too costly ; and, in :he second place, must be of the very best kind, for farmers should be able to do their heavy hauling >ver them when their fields are too wet to work, and their teams would )therwise be idle. The best road for the farmer, all things being considered, is a solid, well built stone road, so narrow as :0 be only a single track, but hav- ing a firm earth road on one or 00th sides. Where the traffic is not very extensive the purposees of good roads are better served by narrow tracks than by wide ones, while many of the objectionable 'eatures of wide tracks are removed, the initial cost of construction is :ut down one-half or more, and the :harges for repair reduced in proâ€" portion. Wliere beds of good gravel ire available this is the simplest, cheapest and most effective method of improving country roads. With earth alone, however, a very pass- ible road can be made, provided the principles 0f location, drainage and shape of surface, together with that ' of keeping the " surface as smooth ind firm as possible by rolling, be strictly adhered to. In fact a good :ai'th road is second to none for summer travel, and superior to many of the soâ€"called macadam or stone roads. But the earth roads must be covered with some artificial material, if they are to be made firm and unyielding at all seasons ind in all kinds of weather. with a surface smooth and impervious to Water. GOOD ROADS TRAIN. The Department ' of Public Road inquiries and the National Good Reads Association of the United States combined their forces a couple of years ago for the purpose of furnishing object lessons on the :onstructi‘on and value of good roads to farmers in a, large number of countries. A good roads train Was equipped and run between Chicâ€" ago and New Orleans, building short sample stretches of model road, and holding local conventions in various counties along the route. By this means splendid educational work was done in the direction of impressing upon the people the de- sirability of better roads, and the lacility with 'which they CAN BE CONSTRUCTED. Realizing the great good that would be accomplished if a similarly squipped train were operated in Canada, an effort. was made early in 1901 to arrange for work of this sort. in the Ottawa. district. Chieva through the exertions of Mr. H. Cow-an, of Ottawa, secretary of the Good Reads Association of Eastern Ontario, the Sawyerâ€"Massey Com- pany, of Hamilton, Oiit., manufacâ€" turers of road-making machinery. Were induced to supply free of charge all the necessary machinery for such an enterprise, and also three or four experts to take charge of and operate the machinery. The Canadian Portland Cement Company of Deseronto, Ont., aided the enter- prise by donating some 150 to 200 barrels of cement for the construc- tion of concrete culverts which are much more satisfactory than Wood- en ones for drainage piii'poses. Fur- ther assistance was given to the movement by the Canadian Pacific, Grand Trunk, Canada Atlantic, and Ottawa & New York Railway comâ€" panies which all agreed to transâ€" port the necessary machinery and experts over their lines without charge. SAMPLE STRETCHES OF ROADS , It is desirable that all heavy trafâ€" ‘fic roads should be macadamiaed or igravelled, wherever the materials are available for the purposo. In order i;- give an object lesson on n4 “ Prizes” with common soaps are dearly paid for at the ex- pense of clothes and hands. REDUCEs EXPENSE Ask for the Octagon Ber. the value of such roads, and the proper manner to build them, the good roads train was employed to build a model stretch of stone road from a third to half a mile in ex- tent, in each of ten counties, and to roll. and grade an additional stretch. The selection of the va- rious stretches of road was left with the County Councils, with the understanding that the Township Councils should furnish all the ne- cessary stone, teams, laborers, etc. Owing to the heavy expense incur- red, each County Council was asked to make a grant 01' $100 for each stretch of road built. In building these sample roads, the first thing is to provide the re- quisite drainage, which is the fun- damental principle of road making. The roadbed is then shaped with the grader, making the center con-' siderably higher than the sides so that the Water Will readily run off INTO THE DI’I‘CHES. After rolling with the big steam roller, a trench about eight feet wide and six inches deep is cut down the centre 0f the road. Into this trench is put first a, layer of coarse broken stone, then a layer of fine stone, lastly a layer of still. finer stone as a. dressing. This last layer helps to bind all the stone into a, solid mass, while the sides of the trench hold it all in place. The tenâ€"ton steam roller is run over each layer of stones as it is put .on. The rolling is always done down the sides of the trench first So that the stones will be crowded toward the center. When the rolling of the sample stretch is completed, the stone should be about seven inches deep, which is sufficient to stand 01'- dinary traflic. Such a road may heave to a slight extent in some localities, but the expense of keep- ing it in repair will be much less than for an ordinary clay road. COST OF SUCH ROADS. Roads such as those that have been built by the good roads train cost anywhere from $500 to $1,000 per mile, according to management and cost of stone. The average stone road costs from $600 to $750 per mile. Such roads need a, cerâ€" tain amount of repairing, the same as other roads, but not much. The number of cords of stone re- quired for a, mile of road depends altogether upon the depth of stone laid down. If laid on eight feet wide and eight inches deep in the center, it Would take about 220 to 240 cords per mile. OUTFIT OF MACHINERY. A traction engine for hauling the grader and working the crusher, a crusher, elevator bins, spreading waggons, and a five or six ton horse roller would cost altogether about $2,800. and this outfit would be sufficient to do all the work for any ordinary municipality. F. W. HODSON. ____+_____ Everyone has heard of St. Jacobs Oil for rheumatism, strains, bruises, lame back, and all muscular aches and pains, but few know that there is nothing to equal it for relieving aching feet, troublesome corns, and for softening the harsh, callous skin which frequently forms on the soles of the feet. Anyone suffering from sensitive spots on the toes, sides of the feet, or between the toes, should rub a little St. Jacobs Oil on the sore spot every night. The imme- diate relief obtained is simply .wonâ€" derful. No household should be without St. Jacobs Oil. It will he wanted after cricket, after tennis, after a day’s boating ; in fact, it is the. athlete’s friend. All chemists sell St. Jacobs (Iil and a 50 cent bottle is sufficient to prove beyond a doubt the above statements. .‘_.-â€"_.â€"- DOVES ARE NOT GENTLE. Owls Are at Home in the Light of Day. Owls are no wiser, for all their meditative appearance, than any other birdsâ€"in fact, they are far beâ€" low niany' in the scale of intelliâ€" geiiCe. Another false idea, which many peoille entertain concerning these birds is that they are so con~ fused by sunlight as to be practic- ally blind during the day. Great horned owls and barn owls are the most nocturnal of all ; but even these can sce very distinctly by .squinting up their eyelids, while the ‘snowy owls and the burrowing owls are perfectly at home in the light of the brightest day, and many owls are to be seen flying and hunting in the sunshine as unconcei'nedly as any hawk. Eight persons out of ten will tell you how much better a crow or magpie can talk if its tongue is split ; but you can tell them that this idea is abSOIutely false, as these birds can articulate more distinctly with a perfect tongue. And how much suffering does this» useless - operation Cause, the tongue ~of a . bird being so constantly used ‘? Doves have a, worldâ€"wide reputaâ€" tion for meekness and gentleness, but, if we except their sad, soft notes, and subdued colors, there is little to admire about them, for their disposition, in love and war, is anything but a, gentle one. The male birds peck and strike one an:- other with their wings until- gen- erally one succumbs and is killed. if the females are timid or back- Ward in accepting their mate's at- tentions, bows and coos are changed to buffets and spiteful peeks. ___.___.+______._ Housekeepâ€"‘ ‘For goodness sake! What are you crying about)". Mrs. Housekeepâ€"“Bridget got mad and left this afternoon (sob) without a moment’s (sob) notice." â€"â€" Mr. Mr. Housekeepâ€"“Well, you were going _u__' _ _‘ .. to discharge her anyway." Mrs. 'â€" Housekeepâ€"“I know (sob). That’s 4 - the trouble. She (sob) got ahead ' of me." __..__+_.__.._ All AWFUL MISTAKE. PHYSICIAN PRESCRIBES NUX- VOMICA FOR A KINGSTON LADY WITH THE RESULT THAT SHE IS PARA- ~ .- LYZED. ‘ MIGHT BE SHE BUMPS. “That man is a, phrenologist, Pat.” , “A what?” asked Pat, puzzled. “A phrenologist." “An’ sure, what’s that, sorr?" “Why, a man that can tell, by feeling the bumps on your head, what kind of a man you are." “Bumps on my head, is it?" exâ€" claimed I’at. “Begora, then, I think it would give him more of an idea. what kindbf a woman me wife is!" .._â€"- . A Thrilling Experience Resulting From a Doctor’s Blunderâ€"For. tunately She Recovered and Tells the Story‘of the Whole Incident. Kingston, Ont. Oct. 13.â€"‘(Special) That‘ Mrs. E. Lake, of 112 Clarence ‘3 ' ' ' is live toâ€"da , is ‘ . :nii‘iitttel’hlfircitvghder.a Size saysy: 3“} 1301‘ 100 .Of Dondon police “My sickness was brought about daily 011 the 510k list. by overdose of Strychnine prescribed by a physician. It brought on Paraâ€" '1ysis - afl‘ecting my left side, brain, arm, and limbs. “l'was perfectly a 1‘0 that contain Mercury . as mercury will surely destroy the sense of helpless and “I smellandcompletolyderango bliewliolesystem ‘ - ' ' 'i to raise .ni when ortoringltfhrought emucous surfaces. llgggoos‘fgbgzpégrmyu fingers. I goi Such articles should never be used except on reacriptions from to utable physicians, as flie no sleep and often when I dosed my amaze they willdo aten told to the good you eyes remained open. 1 had not the can possibly derive from them. Ha. I’m Cotorrh power to close my eyelids. Onto, manufactured by FJ. Cheney 8; (‘0..To- . , lode, 0., contains no mercury. and is taken in- “I suffered almost continually With headache. tornally, acting-directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the system. In buying “My brain felt as too large for the skull. ~ Hall's Catarrh Cure be sure you get the germ though It was lne. Ibis tnkanintornal‘y,and made in Toledo failed and I became very emaciated, indeed. I was nothing but skin and My appetite Ohio, by F. J. Cheney 5: Co. Teatimoniols bones. free. Sold by Dru giats, price 750 per bottle. “I was three years under treat- ment, many physicians having me Hall’s Fain y Pills are the beat. under their care, but without avail. At last I became discouraged and gave up all treatment. "While reading a paper one day I noticed a testimony of one who was cured by Do-dxd’s Kidneyll’ills. "My sister procured me a box the pills and I started on three pills three times a day. I soon began to experience a change for the better which continued unti I regained the use of my arm, hand, and limb. My headache also =ceased and my api petite returned. “From this I soon picked up flesh and strength until I was as well as ever. Civet, ambergris, and musk are all “I thank God and Dodd's, Kidney disgusting to the sense of smell Pills for my health, for by pi-ayex their raw state. ‘ and this wonderful remedy, I 'was " cured and have remained in good health ever since, although this was over five years ago.” ___._.._+___â€".â€"- He (bitterly)â€"-â€"“You have no heart.” Sheâ€"“What nonsense!” He â€"â€"“It's' the truth. You flirt out- rageously with every man you meet." 'Slieâ€"“Then I must have a very large heart to give a little of it to so many." of . For Orrr Sixty Yam-s. Aw OLD AND WELL-TRIED Runner. â€" Mn Winslow's HootliinzSyrup has been used for over sixty years by millions of mothers for their children wlil'e teething. with perfect Ellcceifl. It soothes the child. softens the gums. alloys all pain. cures wind colic, and lathe beat remedy for Diarrhoea. Ia pleasant to the love. Sold by driiggists in every pin-t of the wor d. Twenty-five colitsebottle. Its value is incolculable. Be sure and ask for Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup. and take no other kind. 1N GOING TO NEW YORK Take the Lehigh Valley {ailroad route of the Black Diamond Express. Everything strictly first class. .“Will you trust me, Fanny?“ he Sumptuous Dining Car Service, a la cried, passionately, grasping her carte. Through Pullman. For lian-d. “With all my heart, Augusâ€" tickets, Pullmans, time of trains, tus, with all my soul, with all iiiy- and further particulars, call at self," she whispered, nestling on his Grand Trunk ,ticket ofiice or on manly bosom. “Would that you Robt. S. Lewi‘s,~Passenger Agent, 33 were my tailor,” he murmured to himself, and tenderly he took her in his arms; ing, Toronto. According to the latest estimate, there are in the World 741,600,000 horses, and 12,100,000 asses. T0 CURE .\ ("OLD [‘1' ONE DAY. _T:iko Laxative Bromo Quinino Tablets. All drli'z- Hots refund the money if it fails to cute. 15. W [loves signature is on each box. 250.. ' L'vm Irma-mm m. . . . Messrs. C. C. Richards & Co. Gentlemen,â€"My daUghter 13 years old, was thrown from a sleigh and injtu‘ed her elbow so badly it re- mained stiff and very painful for three years. Four bottles of MIN- ARD'S LINIMENT completely cured, her and she has 'not been troubled for tw0 years. Yours truly, J. B. LEVESQUE. St. Joseph, P.Q., Aug. 18, 1900. “A .fuil mail" carried by a big Atlantic liner averages 200,000 let- ters, and 300 sacks of newspapers. In washing Woollens and flannels, Lover's Dry Soap (a powder) will be found very satisfactory. If the earth were equally divided mm among its present inhabitants each the of us, man, woman and child, would get acres. EEGLESH SPAWN tlillhifiil'l’ removes all, hard, soft or calloused Lnnms and Bleiiiislies from horses. Blood Spavih, Curbs, Splints, Ring Bone, Sweeiiy. Stifles, Sprains, Sore and Swollen Throat. Coughs, etc. Save $50 by use of one bottle. War- ranted the most wonderful Blemish Cure ever known. Sold by all druggists. ..., Little Bobby was inspecting new baby for the first time, and his dictum was as follows: “I s’pose it’s nice enough, what there is of itâ€"but I'm sorry it ain't a parrot.” Minard’s linlmanl Cums flandwll. this alive Out of 100.000 children born year, there will be but three in 1997. . The oldest steam engine at ‘ is supposed to be the Newcomen THE MANY ADVANTAGES winding engine at Farme Collies-V, offered passengers bound for Buffalo Rutherglen, near Glasgow. It was and New York by the Grand Trunk's built in 1809. fast “New York Express," leaving Toronto 6.15 p.m. daily, are seen a1 a» glance when the splendid equip ment is considered. A full diniizi car service until Niagara Falls is reached, a. cafe parlor car running through to Buffalo, and one of Pull- man’s finesrt sleeping cars from To ronto to New York guarantees pa- trons comfort and luxury as well a; speed. The Cafe and dining cars are , acknowledged to be' the handsomest ‘3 the in America. being electric lighted and 10910 hem Canada to the above equipped with electric fans_ Cit). pomts._ Finest equipped {assenger office, northWest corner King and trams “1 America- Yonge streets.- Rates, timetables-and all parti- ~ ‘ ‘ ’ culars from any ticket agent, or J. lichardson, Dist. Passenger Agent. N. E. Corner King & Yoiige Sts., Toronto, and St, Thomas, (int. we I' k WABASH RAILROAD During the months and October, will 0nd class tourist reduced rates of September sell one way sec- tickets at greatly to California, Wash- ington, Oregon, Utah, Montana, British Columbia and other Pacific Coast points. Tickets will be sold via all direct routes. The Wabash shortest, best and quickest Mosquito bggs-hatch in from four A- to seven days, according to the tem- lperature. in nishing C‘o.,_ Toronto, .On . Yonge street, Board of Trade build- a- W Macs-v.4"... ' a‘ ' . “an. « .. ~~_.».-.v...~. a awn”. Tern. . 7-..... A. We can handleany quantity of properly packed Apple Also any quantity of Poultry (dead or alive.) Write us. ‘TIIE vDAWSGN COMMISSKDN 00., Limited. TGRONT . The limit of this earth's capacity is 5,294,000,000 human beings. The world could feed no more. At the present rate of increase this limit would be reached 'by A. D. 2100.4 llllllilfl’tl Llnimeni fur sala fililliillfilll BooleCanvasserâ€"“Don’t you want to buy an encyclopaedia to~day?" “No! What do I want with such a. thing? I’d break my neck the first time I rode it.” Minard's linlmenl relieves Heuralgia. Minam's Linimenl Cums Bums etc, . Artistâ€"{‘1 suppose you have no objection to my sketching in your field?” Farmerâ€""0h, no; you'll Beware of Ointments for Catari-h keep the birds off the cabbanges bob- ter’n a ordinary scarecrow."- . I stems um Cough and works; ofl‘ the Cold Laxative Bromo-Quinino Tablets cure a cold in one lay. 1‘10 Cure. No Pay. Price 25 cents. “A woman, I notice, always low- ers her voice to ask a favor." “Yes, and raises her voice if she doesn't get it.” ~-~< CALVERT'S CARBOLIC TOOTH POWOER French/ea the team. Sweetena the breath. Strengthens the gums. Earned knitting for us. We rent new knitting machines. Other inâ€" ducements to right parties.‘Send for particulars at once. Ontario Fur- ".4- - «4N [W mm“ HAVE A . G003??? EEG-Earl?" -â€"--BY USINGâ€"- Standard American snare --ANDâ€"â€" Sarina Lamp fill. Wholesale only. fl 3,9:- mEfilgt ROGERS‘PRESO'IOROI-illfiz‘); We are equipped to supply ever Music Teacher in anada. , WEALE‘I, costs $2 80.. limited :58 Yongc Street, TORONTO, ONT. 356' Main Street, WlNNlPEG. MAN. ._..,_.__...__.__._._._.._.-.._ . I -‘ , - L- Bomimon tine Steamehlpo Montreal to Liverpool. Boston to Live!- pool. Portland to Liverpool. Vin Queens- town. In: e and FustSteomahipa. Superior accommodatio- fora classes of passengers. Saleem} and States-coma are omidshipu. Special attention has been given to Ibo Second Saloon and Third-Close accommodation. For ratesof'pwago and all particulars, up»!!! to any wens of the Company. or Richards, Mills & Co, '17 state St. Boston. D. Tori-once 5: 00.. Montreal and Portland. ...-.____.___..__.â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"-____-â€"__._ woos a Photo. ENGRAVEHLL, .- .5. News not? gee-eAv-smectâ€"ioaofib’ WM}. 113‘ .. men J“ 37 .Wéfifiilfifiif .1. of our ' Savings De; artment ‘. are not confined to residents 1-I of Toronto. We have every :6: facility for taking charge of either large or small accmints _ of persons anywhere in the Dominion. Write For All Information. enamel-mm an 35‘ TH! anada Ecrmancni g “"3 WESTERH GAfiABA MORTGAGE Co'spommow. Toronto street, Toronto )5. i 3:; g g; Wis-76 i as}? mecm 0... m ... l a“ Wax-m... .3» - -' To send for our Com- 4 plate Sheet Music Cataloigues and ‘ Specie Rates. . v27. “AA.- .v.::mcn»,v-‘- . “an ..;.A I 0.,