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.. ._.~.-/VWWWWW¢$¢¥W-VMWWWV. â€" -V xNW.’ INâ€"x‘xâ€"‘wmmnpfx orM‘v-uMâ€"v“..-Ws- wva ' THE WESTERN mun PURE-BRED' s'rocx raonuc- non IN THE NORTHWEST. Annual Spring Show and Auction ,Sale Will be Held at Calâ€" gary May 14 and 15. It is a wellâ€"knowri fact that thous- ands of dollars are annually sent out of the Territories for pure-bred bulls, for use on Western Ranches, and that this demand could at least be partly supplied from local sources, if a. larger number of skilled breeders would acquire pureâ€"bred herds.$ Suâ€" perior individuals of nearly all re- cognized breeds of cattle and other live stock are being produced in the province of Manitoba in increasmg numbers, and it has been amply de- monstrated by actual experience that many portions of the Territories present a most favorable field, from every point of view, for the successâ€" ful breeding and raising of purebred live stock. ' What the Territories now lack is more herds and more breeders. ’ It has been estimated that to proâ€" vide for the breeding of th‘? natural increase of the cattle stock now in the Territories no less than 2000 to 2500 bulls per annum are required. It is safe to say that scarcely five per cent of that number are toâ€"day produced in that country. There is, therefore,' no practical danger of glutting the home market with pure- bred bulls. But strange as it may appear, in spite of excellent Terriâ€" torial market conditions, the most favorable presented anywhere on this continent, breeders have not always been able to readily dispose of their bulls at rcmunerative prices. This apparently paradoxical state of alâ€" fairs, is due to a variety of influencâ€" es. The tendency on the part of Territorial cattlemen in the past has been to rather under-rate the quality and merits of pure-bred animals raised at home, particularly if the breeder happened to be a near neigh- bor. They have always been willing to pay a higher price for an inferior individual it could be shown he was bred in Ontario, Manitoba or some other distant locality. This prejudice exists in all places and more or less in every line of stock- raising, and the breeder is, thereâ€" fore, face to face with the necessity of seeking V markets away from his own immediate neighborhood. In a sparsely settled country, with limitâ€" ed transportation facilities, this is a. particularly difficult problem, even if it did not involve extensive adver- tising, which the breeder. of limited means, and with a limited number of animals for sale annually, could NOT POSSIBLY AFFORD. What individual breeders of limited resources cannot undertake to do singleâ€"handed, an Association can ofâ€" ten accomplish successfully, hence the organization of the “Territorial Pureâ€"bred Cattle Breeders' Associaâ€" tion.” Through the efforts of this association, in the direction 01' bring- ing pureâ€"bred stock, raised locally, to the front, Western ranchers are, even now, beginning to express at“ (its cided preference for home bred and acclimated bulls. In order to assist in'this work, an ‘ "Annual Spring Show, and Auction Sale” was last year inaugurated at Calgary. The object of these innova~ tions is twoâ€"fold. (1) To develop home breeding of purebred cattle, and to afford a remunerative cash marâ€" ket for such stock. (2) To facilitate the exchange of purebred sires. It is found that farmers and ranchers on a small scale often experience dif- ficulty in disposing of a bull which has been in use 'm a neighborhood for some years. The sale furnishes a. convenient medium for selling disâ€" carded sires, and buying others. It may be taken for granted that the Annual Sale system has “come to stay” in Western Canada. Last year’s‘ sale proved beyond a doubt that this is the most profitable, conâ€" venient and satisfactory method of buying, selling and exchanging pureâ€" bred stock. Everyone of the breedâ€" ers who entered stock for sale in 1901 is enthusiastically in favor‘ of these sales as a permanent instituâ€" tion, and there has not. been a single objection or complaint recorded by any of the purchasers. 'Last year’s sale was an untried and entirely new venture, and was organized in a very hurried manner, and consequentâ€" ly was insufficiently advertised. It is expected that the forthcoming aucâ€" tion sale and cattle. show to be held at Calgary on the 14th and 15th of May, will be a vast improvement on the last, and that each succeeding year’s sale and show will witness a marked advance in popularity and efficiency of management over the previous one. The names of the following gentleâ€" men are a guarantee as to the suc- cess of the venture:â€" Chairman, J no. A. Turner, Calgary, -Alta.; Sale Sup’t, Peter Talbot, Lacombe, Alta.; Director, D. H. Andrews, Crane Lake Assa.; Secâ€"Treas. &. Man. Director, C. W. Peterson, Deputy Comm’r of- Agriculture, Regina, N.W.’l‘. It is evident that the Western horse breeders are no whit behind the cattlemen in energy and business ability. In September, 1000, anum- ber of representative breeders of horses formed the "Territorial Horse Breeders’ Association.” The most important objects of this Associaâ€" tion are to further the interests of breeders in every honorable and lee gitimate way, to develop the HORSE RAISING INDUSTRY, find new and profitable markets, and to improve the various breeds of horses raised in the Territories. x . 'The Association has'already inter- ested itself considerably in finding new markets for its members, notaâ€" bly in connection with the South Af- rican‘ demand for military remounts, and now desires to move vigorously in the direction of the improvement of the various breeds of horses re- presented in the West. As a first step it has been decided to hold an Annual Spring Stallion Show open to the Territories. As 'the Associa- tion is particularly anxious 'to be thoroughly “Territorial” in its char- acter and scope, an attempt is to be made to place all stallion owners in the Territories on an equal footing, by offering free transportation to and from Calgary for all stallions entered, providing arrangements can be made to gather carloads, or even half carloads along the line of rail- way en route to Calgary. An im- portant feature of this show will be the facilities offered for the purchase, sale and exchange of stallions. Par- ties owning stud horses that have stood for service in any particular district of the Territories for a numâ€" ber of years, will thus be able to efâ€" fect exchanges in a. convenient, sat- isfactory and inexpensive manner. Any transportation arrangements made will admit of this being done if possible, with, the payment, of no extra charges for the return trip. At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Territorial Horse Breeders’ Association held at Calâ€" gary on Nov. 18th, 1901, the follow- ing resolution was carried:â€" “That this Association. having for its principal object the improvement of horses in the Territories, feels deeply indebted to the Hon. Minister of Agriculture, and the Dominion Government for generous financial asâ€" sistance accorded the Territorial Live Stock Associations, and particularly desires to express its obligation to Mr. F. W. Hodson, Dominion Live Stock Commissioner, for his valua- ble services and untiring efforts in the interests of Territorial breeders.” ('Sgd.) C. W. Peterson, Sec. The Calgary Council of last year agreed to grant the free use of Vic~ toria Park and the public buildings therein, for the approaching show and sales, and also decided to recomâ€" mend that, in view of the import~ ance of said show and sales to Calâ€" gary, as well as to the Territories at large, it would be wise for this year’s council to assist. them with a reasonable grant. FATHER OF MODERN JAPAN. What the Marquis Ito Has Done - for the Nation. The Marquis Ito, who recently com- pleted a tour of the world, has lived through the romantic period of the Japanese awakening, and his career illustrates those Virtues of perseverâ€" ance and patience the practice of which has won for Japan the dis- tinction of being called the Germany of the East. He was a member of the antiâ€"forâ€" eign party in his youth: but when he saw Commodore Perry’s squadron in Nagasaki harbor he decided that if his country was to hold its own, it must fight the Caucasians with 1110â€". dern weapons. I-le determined to learn how to use those weapons, and although it was a capital offence for- a Japanese to leave the Empire, started for England. In order to learn navigation, he worked his way to London before the mast on a sail- ing vessel. When the ship arrived the crew went ashore, and Ito, the future adviser of the emperor, spent his first night in England lonely and supperless in the forecastle. At once he set himself about mas- tering the ways of the west. He was not long in winning the confiâ€" dence of men, for when Europe was preparing to destroy the Japanese forts on the Straits of Shimonoseki, after they had fired on the foreign war vessels, he persuaded the British Government to delay action until he could return to Japan to advise his master against continuing his foolish course. From this period his biography be comes the history of the nation. He was made Governor of Kobe to proâ€" tect the Europeans; he was the chief of the embassy sent to Europe to ask that Japan be treated as an enlightened power; he studied west- ern governments, and under his guid- ance the feudal laws were changed, the judicial system was reorganized and a constitution was drafted. The Japan of Ito’s youth Was, in its relations to the World-powers, a barbarian nation. It was compelled to allow foreign governments the privilege of maintaining in its cities consular courts, before which all cases were tried in which foreigners were concerned. To him more than any other man is due the release of Japan from the trammels of foreign guardianship, and its conquest of a place among the nations which treat with each other on equal terms. 4.....- Mabelâ€"“George, I wish you Would join the army.” Georgeâ€"“ll'hy, dear, I thought you confessed that you loved me?” “I did say so; but if you were to go into the army, perhaps you might learn what arms are for.” After that she had no cause to complain. Flapâ€""I’m in love, and the only disagreeable thing about it is, that the girl is older than I.” Jackâ€" “How old are you?” “I’m eighteen” “And the lady is what?” “Twenty- two.” “Make your mind easy, my boy. By the time you are twenty one she’ll be only twenty.” Rig-{k} ‘d_ A ,. -~ EVERY MAN A DEAD SHU? WHAT .A NEW GUN SIGâ€"HT PRO- » POSES TO DO. It Will Enable Raw Recruits to Shoot Better Than Bisley Prize Winners. Sir Howard Grubb, whose name is known to every one interested in as- tronomical and optical researches, and who has just built the new telesâ€" cope for the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, is embarking upon quite a. new line of invention, says the Lon- don Daily Mail. He has designed a form of gunâ€" sight applicable to rifles or ordn- ance. which capable judges believe will revolutionize the methods of fir- ing both at sea .and on land. Sir Howard Grubb is also engaged upon another invention connected with national defence, which, when the time arrives for publication of details, 'will create a. sensation throughout Europe. Messrs. Vickers Sons and Maxim have secured patâ€" ents for the new gun-sight in almost every country in the world. “Much and sometimes harsh criti- cism has been levelled at the mark- manship of our TROOPS IN SOUTH AFRICA,” said the distinguished Irishman to the writer during a brief visit to London a day or two ago, “but the new sight will, it is expected, bring every indifferent marksman up to the standard of the ‘crack’ shot.” Briefly, the apparatus consists of a small sheet of semi-opaque glass, upon which is engraved a cross. In looking through the sight the marksâ€" man apparently sees this cross proâ€" jected on the object at which he is aiming. Experiment has shown that if a man can handle a rifle at all it is more difficult for him to miss than to hit, once he has become acquaintâ€" ed with the simple methods of sight- ing. For night firing the cross on the sight is artificially illuminated. Every Government in the world has â€"if one may say soâ€"got its eye on the new sight. Sir Howard ,Grubb is a brisk, pleasantâ€"mannered man, someWhat under medium height, with a clear- cut, cleverâ€"looking face, which does not suggest that he has passed the fiftyâ€"eighth milestone in life’s jourâ€" ney. He chatted interestingly, but always modestly, of his attainments and experiences in the astronomical World. ‘ He showed the writer a remarkâ€" able photograph taken by means of one of his telescopes, wherein 100,â€" 000 stars appeared on a surface no greater than that which the moon seems to cover when viewed by the naked eye. “Particular attention will be paid to photography when the new telesâ€" cope has been erected at Oxford,” said Sir Howard. “The instrument will be provided with new clockwork arrangement, which automatically moves the telescope in the opposite direction to that in which the earth revolves. The necessity for absolute perfection in this clock will be ap- preciated when I explain that TO TAKE A PHOTOGRAPH like the one 1' have shown you re- quires an exposure of twelve hours. Indeed, in many instances the plates have been exposed for several nights in succession to the same object. All this time the star is moving across the sky, or apparently so. The clock, as it were, has to keep pace with it. An error in the motion, of not more than the twentieth part of a second, or in a space 1â€"2,000,000 part of the telescope’s revolution, would damage the picture. "Moreover, the framework of the instrument weighs five tons, and the moving portions of the mechanism seven tons. This delicate little clock drives all this seven tons.” Sir Howard has designed and built at his Dublin works instruments for all the important observatories in the world. He figured the great mirâ€" ror of the reflector presented to the Lick Observatory by Mr. E. Crossley of Halifax. Spiders’ webs are placed transâ€" versely at the eye-end of a telescope in order to locate the heavenly bodies under observation. So fine are these “spider lines” that 10,000 placed side by-side would not cover the space of an inch. “It often happens,” said Sir How- ard, “if a telescope has been neglectâ€" ed for some time; that a spider finds its way to the threads in the ini- crometer, and spins others of its own causing no end of confusion when the next observer looks through the instrument. , “And that reminds me of a story. Mr. Jonesâ€"that name will sufficeâ€"a wealthy private man, established an observatory at his house. He was ambitious. He wanted TO DISCOVER THINGS. He did. He found a new planet ! He made careful and elaborate notes about that planet for two days and two nights. Then he invited a. comâ€" pany of well known astronomers down to his observatory and broke the great news. Whereupon one of the visitors quietly observed that the ‘new planet’ was no more than a speck of dirt in the eyeâ€"piece. And so it proved.” ‘ Telescopes are of two kindsâ€"re- fractors and reflectors. In the first the observer looks through a convex lens at a star ; in the latter he beâ€" holds the reflection of the heavenly body in a concave mirror. Refracâ€" tors are the more expensive, an obâ€" ject glass of eighteen inches alone costing £1,000, while the price of a mirror of the same size is no more than £100. At the same (time, the accurate polishing of the mirror is a delicate operation. The famous American as- LUNDUN’S '[lllfi’TLY FUGS. ' tronomer Pickering, was journeying CAUSE GREAT LOSS IN; VA- to a. remote spot for the purpose of making observations, and was _ acâ€" companied by i ,A NUMBER OE‘SOLDIERS, one of whom, having a little leisure, pipeâ€"clayed the profeSsor’s big re- flectorv ! A return journey of some hundreds of‘miles had to be under~ taken in order to obtain another in- strument. ' Three years are frequently occu- pied in polishing and “figuring” an object glass, a perfect specimen of which is regarded by astronomers as a real work_ of art. For many months the glass is patiently rubbed with sand and water, then emery of various qualities, and finally the finest jewellers' rlouge. 1A measuring instrument called the spherometer indicates . irregularities as fine as 1â€"200,000th of an inch, but even that is succeeded by other tests too delicate for any machine. ' â€"-â€"-â€"+ CURE FOR SMALLPOX. Used With Success in Paris During An Epidemic. -â€" The sisters in charge of St. Josâ€" eph’s Female Orphan Asylum, at Se- venth and Spruce Streets. Philadelâ€" phia, are in receipt of many letters daily from persons who seek informaâ€" tion 'r: concerning the preparation a preventative against smallpox and all other contagious diSeases. A few physicians are among the inquirers, a. small proportion of these having decided to try the medicine. “These drugs have been in use by us for 60 years;” says one of the sisters. “In all that time we have not had one case of smallpox in our institution. The prescription was obtained by mother Gongaza more than 60 years ago from a minister in Germantown. He got it from a doctor in Paris, who had used it with great success during an epi- demic of smallpox there. “The prescription is one grain solâ€" id extract digitalis, one grain sulâ€" phate of zinc, one half teaspoonful of sugar, four ounces water. Dis- solve the digitalis and the zinc sepâ€" arately, then compound the prescripâ€" tion. ‘ “It is of the utmost importance that the solid extract of digitalis be used. Some druggists say there is no such thing, and use the liquid pre- paration. This is valueless. 'It does not produce the. same results. “The dose is one teaspooniul every hour for 12 consecutive hours for on adult. For an infant, 10 drops for the same length «.1‘ time, and for children under 10 years, one half teaâ€" spoonful hourly for 12 hours. “We usually repeat this treatment once a month when smallpox is epiâ€" demic. 4 'It is the best medicine, we think, in cases of smallpox. The face may be bathed with it, thus preâ€" venting scars. I know of one case in which a mab sent for the medicine, as his wife had smallpox. She took it all night; the eruption having almost disappeared in the morning. “The digitalis kills the germs of disease that may be in the system. The zinc purifies the blood. Some doctors object to the digitalis beâ€" cause it acts on the heart. Of course, the medicines must be taken with care as the medicines are aower. ful. “Some people complain that it makes them sick. This is because their systems are not in good condiâ€" tion. “We are not opposed to vaccinaâ€" tion. You can vaccinate as often as you please. It will be useless, how- ever, if you have taken this medicine. The vaccination will not ‘take.’ “We have 130 children here now. When one is brought we give her the medicine promptly. Although they come from all over the city, we ne- ver have a contagious disease within our doors.” â€"â€"â€"+ JAPANESE FOOD HABITS. The Japanese do not use milk, cows being almost unknown in Jaâ€" pan. Milk, an animal product, falls under .the condemnation which exâ€" cludes everything that has pertained to life from the list of articles used for food. Animals taken in the chase are excepted, as are fish. The Ja- panese mother nurses her own child, continuing sometimes up to the sixth year, though other food is given in addition. after the first or second year. The .main food of the Japanâ€" ese mother consists of rice, fish, shellfish and seaweed. Wine or alco- holic products are never used. Mediâ€" cal men think that the large use of the products of the sea is the reason why rachitis is unknown. Of course, the Japanese know nothing about butter, cream, cheese, etc., but they make an excellent substitute from a bean, rich not only in_oil, but also in nitrogenous elements. Yet conâ€" sumption is common among the upâ€" per classes in Japan. Mountainers are, however, exempt from tubercuâ€" losis. Yet Japanese are a small peo- ple, smallness with them being a race characteristic. .....-..+.. , ALL IN THE FAMILY. Adamsâ€""Do you believe it is a sign of good luck to find a horse- shoe on the road?” Johnson-“Of course; it is a sign of good luck for some blacksmith.” The total rental paid by British tenants is 49 millions a year, that by Scotch tenants 7 millions. whiCh is believed by the sisters to be RIOUS LINES OF INDUSTRY Cost London $750,000 a. Winter. â€"During Such .Visitations Death Rate is High. Lord Claud Hamilton, chairman of the Great Eastern Company, told the shareholders of that company last spring that. the fogs of the win~ ter had cost the company $200,000. And this, too, in spite of‘the fact that the winter of 1900-1 was, on the whole, very free from thick fogs, says London Tit-Bits. The GreatlEastern carries a someâ€" what heavier suburban trafiic than other lines with a terminus in Lonâ€" . don, but even so it is impossibleâ€" takiug their loss as a, basisâ€"to put the total cost of fog to these lines at a less figure than $1,000,000 a year. As for the loss to wheel traffic in London, that is a more difficult mat- ter to calculate ; on an eminent statistician has put the delays thus caused at $22,500 for every day of fog, and this estimate takes no ac- count of accidents or of stoppages of river traffic. As the average of foggy days in a London winter is fifteen, here is another $337,500 gone. I The matter of extra lighting is a very serious one in times of fog. During the terrible six weeks’ fog of 1879-80 one of London’s big gas companies gave statistiCS showing that they supplied 35,000,000 cubit feet of gas daily above their ORDINARY OUTPUT. The other two large metropolitan companies were equally hard pressed. so it may be taken that twenty year: ago a day’s fog meant the consump- tion of 150,000,000 feet extra of gas an amount valued at about $112,- 500. ' Taking into consideration th( growth of Londan since that period, ‘ and the large consumption of electri( light aS'wcll, it will be seen thal $100,000 is a fair estimate of foggy day’s light bill, being a tot of $1,500,000 for an average winter Another item in the cost of fog which is seldom considered, but if nevertheless a very serious one, if the enormous amount of extra worl’ it entails in cleaning. It was cal« culated that the bad fog of Novem her 1 to 3 last left a deposit of Si] tons of soot and dirt on ever} square mile of London. Shopkeeperf and householders alike have to pay heavily for the cleansing of- theil goods which fog makes necessary. Fog dirt consists of 4-0 per cent of mineral matter, 36 per cent of: carI .bon, together with a quantity ol sulphurous and hydrochloric acid 5 altogether, about as appalling-1y dirty and harmful a mixture as could be conceived. It would be a most MODERATE ESTIMATE to put down $10,000 a day as the cost of cleansing fog from London. So far, then, it has been proved that the fogs of a single winter cost London in hard cash about three- quarters of a million, an amount which would more that}; cover the cost of supporting all the lunatic asylums of Greater London and their 15,000 inmates. But the worst loss of all has yet to be touched onâ€"the toll of human lives which the fog fiend exacts. Some idea of the way in which fog kills may be gathered from the Lonâ€" don death returns during the long fog of 1879-80 already mentioned ; 1,730 was the return for the first week of the fog; 1,900 died during the second; 2,200 the third; while the fourth week. showed a death roll of 3,376, or nearly double that of a month before. This is, of course, an extreme case, but a few foggy days invariably'send up London's death rate from its normal 17 to about 20 per 1,000. Roughly speaking, there fore, fog kills 2,000 Londoners in a single winter. ._..+_..__., THE KING’S CUP OF TEA. The King of England can be out ting as well as courteous. For ex- ample here is an incfilent which oc- curred before the King camc to the throne. ‘ At a large bazaar the prince, being tired, had entered the refreshmeni room. He asked a well known so- ciety beauty, who was performing the role of waitress, for a cup of tea.‘ This was soon brought to him, and smiling, he asked her how much he owed her for it. , “The price of the cup of tea, your royal highness, is half a crown or- dinarily, but (taking a _sip from the teacup) when I drink from it the price is one guinea.” “I see,” replied the prince, quietly, placing a guinea on the table. Then putting a half-crown beside it, he said : "The guinea liquidates my first debt, and now might I trouble you to bring mean ordinary cup of tea, as I am thirsty ?" _ The society beauty was so over. come with mortification that she could not bring the second cup of tea, but got a friend to fill the or- der for her“ -4..__.. THE LOCOMOTIVE SCREECH. The Belgian railway authorities are desirous of minimizing the effect which the ear-splitting screcch of the locomotive produces upon the ner- vous systems of passengers. The en~ gines are to be furnished with whisâ€" tles producing two tones, and softer in effect than the ordinary signal, the former to be used in railway sta- tions or when the train is passing platforms crowded with passengers.