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.‘ DISCOVERY OF A GOLD BONANZA NEAR COOLGARDIE. On “at ls commoner Pure Goldâ€"Found by Six litaheartcned Prospectusâ€"It Pressure to lake Then: )Iilllonalres â€"creat Increase of Junta: In the Col- onlca. News from west Australia shows that the new mining camp at Coolgsrdie may attract some of the prospectors who ate now pour- ing into South Africa. This camp is only alittle over six months old. It is on the edge of a great desert, though experiments just completed prove that it is an artesian belt, and that a good flow of water may be secured if one goes deep enough. It had already produced some very rich mines,but the news of the discovery of the London- derry mine, which first came out last June, placed it at once on a level with the great Broken Hill camp in New South Wales, which has contributed so many millions to the world’s supply of gold. The Coolgardie camp was first discovered last winter, when some prospectors pene- trated the desert in western Australia and after two days' journey over a waterless and treeless plain struck ahigh ridge of hills containing signs of mineral. A little work revealed the same reef formation which extends through the larger part of Australia and the rock was found well sprinkled with gold. The discoverers staked out claims ' and came back to civilization for supplies. They told the truth when they said it was a rough country and that no man withouta good outfit should attempt to go to the new camp. Despite their warnings, however, a great rush of the unemployed and the ad- venturous took place from Perth and other points, and within a fortnight there were over 2,000 people on the ground. W hat hard- _ ships some of these prospectors endured may be judged from the fact that there is no water for two whole days’ travel over the desert, and the mercury goes up to 140 and 150 degrees in the sun and 120 in the ‘ shade. Many of these prospectors carried all their goods IN A wnssusannow. which they trundled along over the dry and dusty road. Water was ten cents a quart, and provmions were fabulously high, flour being sold for five cents a pound and bacon at twenty-five cents a pound. These prospectors were not discouraged by their hard surroundings, however, and they went to work with such a will that in a few weeks several promising mines were opened, and capitalists began to flock in and bid for the properties. The best claim was Bayley's, which showed are that as- sayed from $200 to $500 a ton. Alarge number of promising locations were devel. oped, and the town soon became full of life and bustle. As all the land around 0001- gardie was taken up in a few weeks, the late comers were obliged to strike out and prospect in the vicinity. One party, made up of four men from New South lVales and twa from Victoria, struck out for a dry lake, south of Coolgardie. They suffered terribly, as in April, when they started, the heat was terrific. They had hard luck also, as they found no good signs, though they explored carefully a large section. Finally, they concluded to return to Cool- ‘ gardie and go back to their homes. They had reached a point twelve miles from Cool- gardie last May, when they suddenly were rewarded for ulltheir hardships. They made camp in a desolate place, which was broken by great boulders, or “ blows,” as they are called. These are formed by spurs of . quartz rising above the surface. Although he had examined hundreds of these and never found any good signs, one of the party started out with his hammer and laboriously sampled several blows. In rubbing his hand over one large one, he was amazed to see signs of gold. He broke ofi‘ a piece and found it THE 1110" EST QUARTZ he had ever laid eyes on. Below the brok- en piece hc could see traces of a reef, and it flashed across his mind that here was the bonanza he and his partners had been seek- ing. 80 he made his we back to camp, showed his specimens, an the tent was at once struck and moved so as to cover the rich rock. All the neighboring land on .the line of the reef, which rejected above the ground like the spins column of a mammoth animal, was pegged out and en- tered in their names. Then one man was sent to Coolgardie to buy a “ dolly," or machine for reducing quartz by hand. \Vith this rude apparatus the four men soon had 4,000 ounces of gold cleared from the rich quartz. As this represented over $60,000, they naturally felt nervous about keeping this large sum ina tent. So they decided to carry the old to Col ardie and place it in a back. "They put t e treasure in large canvas bags, and by means of a small hand. cart they carried it to the town. The manager of the Union Bank weighed it, and the total amounted to 4.270 ounces. During the three weeks that these men had been at work they had kept their good luck a profound secret. The few passers-by supposed they were merely prospecting, and no one dreamed that a great treasure was being dug out of this unpromisiug field. But the deposit of so large an amount of gold led to talk, and by the following day the news was out. The town of Coolgardie went wild, and in a few hours the country about the new mine was swarming with locators. In another fortnight the London- derry mine had reduced an additional 8,000 ounces, an experts who examined the reef declared that there was fully 25,000in sight. The rock continued to show gold throughout, and of all that had been worked up to the middle of June the percentage of pure ld was one‘tenth. The reef which t e lucky owners of the Londonderry mine struck. is an ironstone formation of glassy mitre, and the gold runs clear through the stone, IBO'IXG II LUIPS. The oreispoootlarand some piecosaro richerthansuyqaarhthathuboeutmd in Australia in ears. â€"The reef if three feet six inches widz and the stone is easily, broken 00' in large chunks. Mr. Begelhole a well-known expert, after a careful exami- nation of the reef, declared that this mine was the richest that has ever been uncover. ed in Australia. To use his own words: “ If she goes down there’s millions in her," It is evident that the owners have faith in the mine going down, as they have refused very large ofi'ers for their interest. Two of the original six sold out to their partners, and the great mine is now owned by Boris and Elliott of Victoria and Mills of New South Wales. The richest piece of quartz found was christened “ Big Ben.” It weighs about 240 pounds, and is estimated to contain more gold than ore. Its value is $10,000, and this sum Mr. Elliott paid for it in order to preserve it as a specimen. Many of the large pieces of ore that have been crushed contained fully one-fourth pure gold. A few more weeks will show the extent and richness of the reef, as with proper machinery this can readily be de- termined. If the reef continues to be rich for a few hundred feet the three owners Will be converted into millionaires. They are all practical miners, but this is their first great piece of luck in many years of hardship. One peculiar feature of the new mining camp is the rapid influx of Afghans, who have swarmed in in such numbers that white laborers have little show. These Asiatics worked for lower wages than white miners would accept, and they monopolized the small trades and the carrying business. They also have been taken on as regular work- MORTGAGE STATISTICS. The Vast mortgage Indebtedness or the United States On January 1, 1890. the aggregate mort- gage indebtedness of the United States amounted to $6,019,679,985. 'Ihis vast sum was represented by 4,777,698 mortgages on acre tracts and lots in village, town and city. Of these there were at the date men- tioned 273,352,109 acres pledged for debt and 4,161,138 lots. The heaviest mortgage burden is borne by New 1 ork, viz., $1,607,- 874,301, and the smallest mortgage debt rests upon Nevada, $2,194,995. Mr. Carroll W. “'right, who issues the census bulletins for the United States, figures that the mortgage debt throughout the I union amounts to $96 a head of the population. The largest proportion of mortgaged acres is in Kansas, where 60.32 per cent. of the total number of taxed acres are encumbered. The mortgage debt of the northern and western states is greater than that of the southern states, in several of which the land is conspicuously free from encumbrance. The statistics show that it was for small debts in the great majority of cases that the mortgages were given, 0.03 per cent. of the whole number made during the ten years ending December 13, 1889, being for men in many of the mines, and a numbers “mmmts 0‘ 18“ thanslm e‘mh’ While 545'" of them have located claims, although this is AGAINST THE Aus'rnamax LAW. The matter of granting miners’ rights to these Afghans was brought up in the west Australian Parliament, and the Premier declared that the privrleges of mining were reserved for white men. The Government, he said, did not propose to see every promising mining camp overrun by cheap Asiastics, and if the present laws were not stringent euoughto prevent the Afghans from entering into competition with white men, then the Government would see to it that new legislation was adopted. What makes this question more interesting is that west Australia, like the other colonies has barred out Chinese coolies, only to be- selected as a new field by the equally ob- jectionable East Indians, who are flocking to all the colonies by the thousands. The large prospecting parties which start out from camps like Coolgardie use camels for packing purposes. One camel will carry as much as two mules, and he is the ideal beast of burden for desert travel, as no water is required until he reaches his des- tination. \Vithuut the camel it is doubt- ful whether prospecting or exploration could be carried on successfully in any of thedesert regions of west or south Australia. One of the best rigs for rapid desert travel is a strong buckboard with three camels, one harnessed tandem in front of a span. It is a queer-looking rig. but one may cover big distances with it in a country which would kill even the toughest _mule or burro. _ Throughout all parts of Australia there is a genuine revival of gold mining such as has not been seen in many years. The immediate cause of this was scarcity of work in all the large towns. Hundreds were thrown out of work on the big cattle and sheep ranges and many good mechanics found themselves idle because of the dul- ness in the building trades. Tne first thing the Australian turns to when he is out of a job is prospecting, and hence during the last year HUNDREDS or MEN have been swarming over the desolate country in the mountains of Victoria, New South Wales, and west Australia. Much of this territory has never been explored, and it was in these virgin districts that the best finds were made. Several rich discov- eries, however. were made near old aband- oned diggings,and in more than one instance luck has attended thesearch ofmere novices, clerks who have been dropped out of posi- tions and who struck into the hills after gold, precisely as the pioneers of Ballarat did forty years ago. Last year the best camp found was at Wyalong, New South \Vales. It was near the old Temora diggings, and the wonder is that careful prospecting failed to disclose its richness years ago. The town is now growing rapidly, and the mines include some of the best paying prop- erty in the colonies. Glen lVills and Omeo are also two paying camps in New South \Vales that have been the scene of great rushes during the last eighteen months. The miners who have opened these districts had greater hardships to contend with than any of the pioneers of California, for the country is far rougher and there is no placer mining. The easiest working mines are the hydraulic claims, known in the colonies as “alluvial,” but the greater part of the min- ing is reef mining, which needs tunnelling and heavy machinery. \Vhat the gold out- put of Australia for 1894 will he cannot be estimated, but it is safe to say that the developmentof so many new districts will be sure to bring it up to a large figure. â€"__â€"â€"-.â€"â€"â€"-_â€" The Springhill Disaster. Arrangements have been completed for the erection of a monument at Spriughill, N.S. to the memory of the victims of the awful colliery explosion which took place there on February 21st, 1891,and by which 125 lives were lost. By this dreadful affair 58 women were made widows and 169 children became orphans, while eight aged widows had to mourn the loss of .sons sud- denly slain. The ex losion occurred in, what is known as the last Slope, and a pathetic interest was added to the tragedy by the fact that of the 1'25 victims no less than 16 were boys of 16 years and under. Universal sympathy was awakened by this disaster, and money poured in from all quarters for the relief of the widows and orphans who were thus suddenly bereaved. Altogether about $100,000 was collected, much the larger part being subscribed by the cities of Canada, distant Vancouver, and Victoria sending handsome sums, as well as the cities of the East. The cities and towns of Nova Sootia and New Bruns- wick responded most heartily to the appeal for aid, St. John alone contributing $7,640. The height of the monument isto be ‘35 feet. The dimwhich is 7 feet 10 inches in height, and 2 feet 7 inches square, stands upon three large bases. and is surmounted by a large cap and lifeosise model of aminsr. The monument was designed by Mr. F. W. Gullstt, of Toronto. per cent. were for sums less than 8500, 68.54 per cent. for sums less than $1,000, and only 4.05 per cent. for 85,000 or over. The interest tables on this debt are interesting as showing the shrinkage in the rate. Hard times bring low- prices even in the borrowing price of money. The average rate of interest, says the New York Sun, declined from 7.14 per cent. in 1880 to 6.75 per cent. in 1889. Of the aggregate mort- gage indebtedness incurred during the ten years throughout the union, 16.06 per cent. was subject to rates less than 6 per cent.; 41.89 per cent. to a rate of 6 per cent” and 42.05 per cent. to rates higher than that last named. Passing to details, we observe that in the decennial period of 1880-89 the rate of interest on mortgages fell in New York from 5.89 to 5.34 per cent.; in Mas- sachusetts from 6.06 to 5.35 ; in Connecti- cut from 5.91 to 5.54 ; in New Jersey from 5.98 to 5.61, and in Pennsylvania from 5.87 to 5.65. In Kansas the average rate of interest dropped from 9.42 to 8.48 ; in Colorado from 11.05 to 8,22 ; in Nebraska from 8.82 to 8.04, and in South Dakota from 10.31 to 8.96. In Virginia, West Virginia and Tennessee the average rate has remained nearly stationary, close to 6 per cent. In two states, Vermont and South Carolina, the rate has risen, in the former from 5.81 to 5.93 and in the latter from 7.50 to 8.35. Investigation showed that not more than 1.73 per cent. of the sums secured by mort- gages was disbursed for farm and family expenses. By personal enquires made in 102 selected counties, it Was found that 80.15 per cent. of the mortgages in number and 82.56 per cent. in value were made for purchase money and improvements. â€"â€"â€"+â€"-â€"â€"- A Great Discoverer. The death is announced, at the age of 91, of Francois-Clement Maillot, a doctor, who was to malarial fever as Jenner to small pox and Pasteur to bydrophobia. Indeed,it may be said that to him France owes Al- geria. It'was at the beginning of coloniza- tion there, when farmers and soldiers were dying like flies owing to a mysterious malady that baffled all the resources of medical skill. Maillot was sent to the hospital at the seaport town of Bone. Re- solved to wrestle with the fever, he boldly administered large doses of sulphate of quinine. The effect was instantaneous ; the deaths fell from 25 to 5 per cent., and in one year it is probable that no less than 1,400 lives were saved. Like moat discover- ers, Maillot had to fight with prejudice ; he was accused among other things of admin- istering poison to tho invalids. But he persevered, and his remedy is now well known to those who are compelled to inhabit the tropics. His end is not with- out its pathos. He was living in a state akin to destitution, when at the age of 86 he received from those whom he had cured apension of 6,000 francs a year. Hard Times In Europe. Southern Europe is preparing for a series of national bankruptcies next fall. Greece has broken off negotiations for refunding its debt, and will begin repudiating before long, as Portugal has done. All the Italian schemes for retrenchment have broken down, expenditure is at its old level, and exchange is rising in a way which prefig- ures acurreucy collapse, while the Bank of Rome is expected to pass its dividend. Industry is interrupted, arbitrary arrests have filled the jails, and the antLAnarchist- laws are believed to be intended to deal with revolution. Spain is as badly off, and exchange has risen to a point which means an irredeemable paper currency, to which, in spite of its depreciation, the government steadily adds. Repudiation seems near and inevitable for all of themâ€"Greece, Itaiy and Spain. â€"_â€"_â€"â€".â€"â€"-â€"â€"â€"â€" Not Concerned. The dainty bit of a summer girl in a be- Wilderiug fluff of gown was twittering sweetly to the rural youth, and he was so tickled that he couldn’t sit still. She had only been in the country two days and had met him that morning. “Is it always so warm as this in the country 1" she inquired. “ You don’t think this is warm do you?" he responded. “ Indeed, I do : I think it is positively hot." “ Likely it is, but it is fine weather for corn.” She looked at him doubtfully and blush- ed. “ But I have no ccrns,” she said, and he fell 06' the porch in a paroxysm. An Order Easily Filled. “ I'll take a little of everything," said Taddles to the waiter, after glancing over the bill of fare at the restaurant. "Yes," replied the waiter, who straight- my brought opiate of lush. BUSINESS turnovmc. A Market! Revival of Business In the rotted Statesâ€"The Whole World Will Share in the Improvement. Good eflects already begin to follow the tariff settlementat “’ashington. Importers are taking their goods out of bond, the securities of United States . corporations are selling again in London, and the money market is stronger in New York. When the President has afixed his signature to the bill or allowed it to become law, oper- ators may be expected to throw off reserve and launch their capital freely under the auspices of the new mrifi. Their confidence will not necessarily reflect their satisfac- tion with the tariff. The tarifi' was an un- known factor, it is now a known one. That is enough to make an enormous dif- ference between past and future business, that there will be. A MARKED REVIVAL in the United States. The duties on raw materials have been lowsred, in some cases removed. Lumber and wool are both on the free list, on iron ore the duty has been lowered from 75c. to 40c., and on bitumin- ous coal an equal reduction has been made. The diminished cost of these four materials should give an impulse to manufacture and consumption very beneficial to wages and trade. On the foods and food constituents the duties as a whole are somewhat lower. On manufactured articles there has been a material levelling down, but protection has not been abandoned. It is a tariff that should contribute more to the prosperity of the country than the McKinley Act did. Good or bad, the tariff will give industry in the United States a. chance to throw off the listlessuess that has so long oppressed it. All other conditions are favorable for a start. Money is plentiful and cheap, the facturing activity which will call for capital and hands. Lastly, wages are low. Out of such conditions, with an abundance of material wealth and full confidence, GOOD TIMES SHOULD ARISE. The United States, even when tariff locked by the McKinley Act, could not keep to itself its brief prosperity under that law. If its fortunes rise now, other countries will share in the benefit. British capital will he wanted. The recommencement of imports- tion on a normal scale will raise prices in outside countries, and increase the imports of these countries, and their business to- gether and with the United States. Canada will undoubtedly reap direct good from the new tariff, as well as her share in its effects on general trade. We should be able to send barley into the United States under an ad valorem duty of 30 per cent. A twenty per cent. duty on butter will not bea constant bar to exporta- tion from this country. Our egg exports to the States will be pretty certain to rise to their old volume now that the duty is 2c. 3. dozen lower. Lumber, of course, will be a large export. Apples and other fruits grown in Canada are on the free list. The duty on potatoes is lowered from 250. a bushel to 30 per cent. ad valorem. The more confidence rises in the United States, the more will the consumptive capacity of that country enlarge, and the greater will be the demand for articles that can be im- ported. â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"-â€".â€"-â€"â€"â€" GOLD IN AUSTRALIA. The Stories of Wonderfully Inch Dis; covcrles Fnlly Continued. The stories of wonderful gold discover- ies in western Australia have been confirm- ed by official despatches. The details of the principal find near Coolgardie has already reached London. A party of six were returning from an unsuccessful prospecting tour on May 8. When in camp one night they separated to test and examine the neighborhood. A man named Mills came to one of the large “ blows" which are characteristic of the country. He was astonished cu rubbing his hands across a protruding piece of stone to see gold stand- ing out prominently. He knocked a large piece off a boulder, and at his feet lay a. magnificent specimen literally studded with coarse gold, while before him, dazzling his eyes, was a magnificant reef of almost pure gold, a. fortune in itself. Mills, taking several pieces of the reef, placed them in his bosom, and, carefully covering the reef with earth, found his mates. On the next morning 25 acres were pegged OE, and the adjoining blocks at each end were also taken up. One man went to town, and bought a dolly, the largest he could procure. In one day they dollied 1,000 ounces, and in a short time had nearly $100,000 worth of ore. On June 31 they packed it in a cart, and land~ ed the treasure at the Union Bank. The manager weighed the gold, and it turned the scales at 4,280 ounces. A few days afterwards the discovery became public. One lump was taken from the reef contain- ing more gold than ore. It weighed 240 pounds, and is worth $20,000. Of course, there is immense excitement in the region, and many other discoveries are reported, but there is unlikely to be anything left for late comers. Lights and Shades in Hangmen's Lives. M. Deibler,the French executioner,is not a man to be envied just now. For a long time past he has been in the receipt almost daily of Anarchist threats, so that he is guarded night and day by detectives. Going down South,to You, to effect the execution of Joachim Noray,the young Spaniard who was condemned to death at the assizes o the Bassess-i’yrenees for murderof a woman named Bergeron, the executioner presented himself at the Hotel de la Poste. At first he was shown up to a bedroom, but directly he made his name known. the landlord of the hotel ordered him to leave the premises. After some difiiculty he succeeded in get- ting : lodging at a smaller house called the. Hotel de Paris,whers the proprietor reaped a golden harvest, it being market day and the market people crowding into the place to see the new-comer. 0n paying his round of ofiotal visits, H. Doiblsr was followed by mobs wherever he was even if the new tariff were worse than the . . . 01d. There can hardly be any que“burs and travel in abusy city seldom low prices areau incentive to buying and in- .. r n H vestment, low stocks leave scope for nu Lonsense’ laughed Mrs' Barn I the nuttiug season when all industri- ' For The Young. The Rain. In the west are dark clouds . thered. And the thunder muttors ow, And the rain roars in the distance Like a mighty iorrents's flow. Onward roll the great dark storm clouds. Onward, in maiestic form: And the air seems hushed and frightened. At the coming of the storm. Now the torn st is upon us, Eyes are bl ruled by the flash 0! the lightningâ€"then we tremble \l hen we hear the thunder‘s crash. “'ith a dash and a splashing. “'ith a ryinthmic. dull refrain. With a heavy. steady downpour. Now at last has come the rain. WERE THE BUNNIES LAZY ‘9 In mid-winter, 1894, an old-fashioned deep-drifting snow practically stopped visited by deep suowfalls. Cable and elec: tric cars were stopped, and for a period of two days the city’s hundreds of homes con- tained restless prisoners. Out in one of the suburbs, in a cable gripman’s home, Essy Barr watched and waited patiently beside her favorite win- dow, hoping to get a glimpse of papa’s car rounding the corner, ploughing its way through the snow. Two long days wore on. The deep snow still blocked the track and street. All was still, and so lonesome for a little maid who loved company. 0n the third morning Essy pressed close to the window pane a tear-stained little face. She said sadly: “It is such a deep snow mamma. Perhaps papa is covered deep in itâ€"so deepâ€"" might stand you in one of the drifts and cover over your curly head, but papa is a tall man. He must help clear the cable track. You have company, dear. See, up in the apple tree near the east window." Two sleek gray squirrels sat in an apple tree upon a limb, rubbing a frozen apple. A few of the late winter apples yet clung to the boughs. “The dears! Only hear the bunnies scold," laughed Essy. They are not afraid of me." “No dear,” returned Mrs. Barr. The squirrels are hungry. They are driven by hunger into being fearless. You may open the window and straw upon the sill some of the nuts grandma gave you. I think the bunnies will thank you for a good breakfast.” ‘ Essie selected a number of her choicest nnts‘ She laid them on the window sill pallipg: “Bunny, bunny, come to break- ast. ’ The bunnies accepted Essy’s treat. The cunning little creatures ate the nuts greed- ily, chattering and scolding as they ate. When Essy attempted to caress one of them each bunny ran away. “The squirrels are evidently not tame. They have not been pets’or caged," said Mrs. Barr. “What do you think, mamma ‘2” inquired Essy eagerly. “I do not know how to answer you, I think the bunnies may have been lazyduring ous squirrels store nuts in tree trunks for their winter’s supply of food, and now the tramp bunnies must begâ€"" “Oh,uo, momma, my bunnies were not lazy,” cried Essy. “They didn’t beg. They were perfectly happy eating the litttle ap- ples, hard frozen, tough apples hanging upon the tree.” “ Perhaps the last nut harvest was not good. The walnut and hickory nut trees yielded no nuts ; the hazel boughs were bareâ€"” “‘No, momma. The out harvest was not poor. Grandma said the nut trees were hanging full this year," declared Easy. “1 see that we shall have need to look farther for an explanation of the hard times which has made our bunnies so friendly. Perhaps they will return to-morrow," said Mrs. Barr. The squirrels did return once more. Apparently the little creatures were almos starving for want of food. Essy yet refuses to believe the bunnies were idle or improvident during the nut harvest time. She believes their store houses were snowed underâ€"barricaded. Which do you think '.’ .__.â€".â€"â€"â€"â€". PRESERVES THAT WILL KEEP. Advice ’I'o llousewlvcs‘l’roln n Chemist Learned about Ferment Plants. This is the preserving season, when fore- handed housewives put up all sorts of fruits in sweetmeats which make the tea table attractive all winter. In some seasons and with many fruits there is little trouble in making these preserves keep, but at other times it seems as if the greatest care were bound to be defeated and all skill were naught. The sweetmeats will ferment and spoil. A chemist of New York, who has been making a special study of the life and growth of ferment plants, says the remedy for this is double boiling. This must be done with a certain reason and system. If proper precautions are not observed, ho lsays, you might keep right on boiling the things time and again, all the year round, and still they would spoil. Boiling will kill all the ferment plants thatare develo - ed from the spores, but it will not kill t e spares. Spores of ferment plants require onl from eight to twelve hours to develop. f the are left longer than this time the spores wil have become new plants and in turn have deposited new spores. To get rid of plants and spores, therefore, the preserves should have first a good boiling and be set away in sealed vessels, and then about eight hours later be brou ht again inst too boiling heat. Trea in this way, the chemist says, no further trouble can occur unless new laments get in from outside .IOI’“ ‘ i. .' are: . :- .. . . Ah“...