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.',.4 "“ ‘ \H : .._ ___._. ‘ARBIVALJ‘OF THE “AFRICA.” N E w. YORK, March 31'. . ; The steamship Africa from Liverpool, iOn the 16th, via Que'enstoWn on'tlie '1'7-th, arrived this morn ng, bringing £11,000 in specie. ‘ , * The Saxoizz'n, arrived out on the 14th. 5The Parliamentary news is unimport- rf ant. " Government dcspatches from the Conâ€" Sulat; \Narsaw generally. confirmed; the published accounts. . . j . , Mr. Gladstone promised to_introduce thevrBud-zjet on-the 17th_ot_' April. , ,TheDuclicss. of Kent, mother of the Queen, isldaogérously ill. . V ,I‘he London Times ‘asks where the . Confederate States ai‘e‘to. .riegOCia'te the proposed loan, seeing that one-fifth of their ' population is pledged to repudiation, and ' s'dys'that President Davis is a man who laughed at the dupes in the Mississippi bends. ‘ J A’ reduction of the discount in the Bank of. France has produced a good effect in ' the money markets of France and London. Rentes advanced 68f. 3.0c. _ The Corps Legislative continued to deâ€" , hate on the Address. Independent mei‘n‘» bers strongly advocate the liberal amend- ments already published.but the first two paragraphs have been carried without amendments. . . , Details of the surrender of the citadel at blessina, shows that it was'iiiicoritlition- ‘al after four days firing. . Over 5,000 'men were taken prisoners, and 300 can- non. Civitella Del Tronto is not able to re- 7 sist much longer. . . The Italian Chamber of Deputiesunani- ”mously approve the assumption ofthe title of King of Italy. ,_ \; VVai‘saiv continued apparent_ly,tranqiiil, but; late advices say. that the excitement is unabated. The Polish Deputation said I they accepted the Emperor’s rescripts but Were far from being satisfied. " Calcutta and China mails could hardly ucach Englan‘l- in season to go forward by the Africa. Late Calcutta telegrams re- port iii’iprovements on imports. . LAT EST VIA QU EEi TSTOVVN. ’ 'The Duchess of Kent died on Satur- day. ' ‘ The Paris conference agreed to extend the Occupation of Spria till the [Nb of June. The Corps Legislatif adopted the ten paragraphs of the Address. The English steamers left Constantino- ple for'Galatz,aud took provisional pos- sessiori 0f the arms landed from the Sar- = dinian vessels and seized by Turkey. FANS, Saturdayâ€"1n the Corps Legis- latit' it, “7&9 intimated that it might be« come neceissary to fix a later day than the first of October for the execution of the” treaty ofcommerce with England, in which case the Chamber of Deputies would‘be called upon to declare the matter. . Count Reichherg has arriVed at Paris. ARR VAL OF THE ‘NEVV YORK.’ ...._._â€" SANbY 11001:, 2 10 a.m., April 2. The steamship New York from South- ampton on the 20th, is passing this point. 11er dated are three days later than by the Africa and one day later than those of the Borussz'a. ' Liverpool., March ‘20.--â€"â€"Breadstutfs are quiet but steady. The steamship Canadian from Port- land arrived at Londonderry on the 19th ult. ' ‘ ' ' The general news by the New York is no later than by the Borztssic'o. ‘ , LATEST. ”Paris, Tuesday evening.-â€"-â€"'l‘he Confer- ence assembled to day to sign a convention I pnolongitig the French occupation olSyria Ito, June 5th. ' i The Bonrse had declined, and routes closed in the afternoon a_t,68f. 20c. Paris, \\’eduesdaiy.â€"â€"-.'1‘lie. Convention was signedby all the Powers. Rome, March 19 -â€"â€"-Iii the consistory held yesterday, the Pope declared that he would have gl'fll’lltd the COHC€SLlOllS advis- j._ ed, by, the «.Catholic Sovereigns, but he could not receive- the consols or unjust deâ€" _ moods of the usurpiiig Gei'eininent. cgipitiilated yesterday evening, before ord- ers from Francis 11. reached them to sur- render. Today the garrison- saluted the proclamation to- the Kingdom of Italy. This city and the provinces are tranqtiil. ,1’9tli, says that all the councillors were dissolved. Directors will be appointed in a more direct communication Wllll Turin. There will be a Piedmontese directoe of finance. waslield in honor of Garibaldi. All is tranquil. - Vienna, \Vedncsdy. . The whole 11er- ' Zejovia is in revolution supported by the - l‘tlontenegiins. The lighting is general- Several Turkish villages on the frontier Naples, >18. Civitella del 'l‘ronto A despatcli totho' Times, dated Naples dismissed. The conicil ofli'etitenaiicy is This morning a grand irnposingfete ' have been renounced the ashes. ARRWAL or 'l‘llE .. BORVUSSIA.” New YORK, April 2. The Borussia arrived. this morning \iith dates of the 19th. Ne markets received. The London Tinws‘ in referring to Lincoln‘s inaugural, says ll£S~ expressions are studiously cautious, but really amount to the fact that he. will recapture the forts, citadels, &c. "to join the California portion. Mr. Wade, lresidence for Southerners. .v “.11, .. (a “my.” W3. nun-t4 ,.. . .. _ »-~ The French Government contemplate-5 raising 12,000,000. on ' bonds. five per cent ARRIVAL OF THE FUN 1’ HESS. L. Fort Kearney, April 1. The Pony Express, with Eastern adâ€" vices of March 91lt,_lli\d arrived at Carson Valley. ' . . _ The announcement of the members of Lincoln’s cabinet gives general satisfaction. Conservative men impe, andexpress with considerable confidence that the conserva- tive attitude , assumed by the new demon- stration Will be th‘eiiieans olprcserving the Union without civil war. _ Calafornians rejoice at the passage of the Daily OverlmidtBilll. THE 'TELEGRA l’llTO CALIFOR- , NIA. ' All the Californian telegraph lines are consolidated as one company, and the new OrganiZatiOn undertakes to extend a geod substantial: line' Eastwa-rd by Salt- Lake City, in the most eXpedilious manner pus-i sible. They will strive to contemplate their lines before the Eastern conpanies extend theirs \Vcstwaard to Salt Lake City general agent of the Caster-n companies. who is now here, starts for New York city by tovniorrow‘s steamer, having completed all his arrangements satisfactory. New York, April ‘2.â€"â€"The Tribune correspondent says that General Scott has given assurances that their has never been any idea entertained by the Admiustration '42. -. . , Y 3 if- ,RlCllMUNDIilLL. APP.‘ 5 as» .2'. ... .. .~ -:.',i ~,â€".;. 1:2»? ,____._’. «."lfiiu New Advertisements. Letters Remaining in Richmond Hill RU.- Vaughan Ploughiiig Match. i~ ‘ Yonge Street Agricultural Society’s Meeting . First-class Salesman Wanted. Horse for Sale. _ ‘ ToBuilders and Others. 1 Good Guitarsâ€"W. 11. Micro. A Boy Wanted. . Executors Notice. "n..1...... .1861, A Word to Grumblexsl You/may talk a man into anything, as was proved. by. some iriedical students, who at proper distances saluted a healthy robust man with, “Sir, how bad you look ;, and, dear sir, unless you at once.- return home, you are a dead than,” which so frightened the poor fellow that he was near dying; and from beâ€" ing told he was sick actually be- came so. So it is with many now; a-days. They get a fit. of the blues, and not. only irriagine themselves in a bad way, but that everything aroundthem is going to ruin. and by the frequent use cf. the. Devil; Discordaut's Microscope, every- thing that is good or prosperous is of abandoning Fortress Monro. The prin- ciplcs announced in the inaugural will not be abndoned, and, if military necessity will be accepted 2151.0 Sampler, it will be for reasons which will not be felt to apply elsewhere. . ‘ i The Worldi'says that-the-Administrat- ion discredits. the reported. sailing of an Anglo French fleet for our coasts. The Times says it isijeported that the Pawnee has been ordered to Sumpter to take Anderson and his icOlll'll'ebntl. off. The other Southern forts are not to he disturb- ed. » The Southern commissioners have ad- vertised Jefferson Davis that Sumpter will be evacuated. Hartford, April 2.â€"â€"The Republicans iavc elected‘ their State ticket by an fin-'- creased majority. They have carried both seen through a diminishing ine-_. mum; whilst every evil assumes astonishing proportions, and with. contracted souls a slight mistake becomes at Once a premeditated and grievous wrong. Laboring under some such delusion, the im- mortal» Burke once said, “ The age;- of chivalry is gone, and the glory of Europe is departed forever ;” but in spite of this rash assertion, the country over whose departed glory he was wont to weep, now stands in bold relief as queen of the na- tions and the glory of the world. Thus- its is with this Canada of' ours. There are those amongst us who are for ever asserting that we are on the verge of bank- branches of the Legislature, and the first and the third Congressional Districts. They have lost the second, and the forth is not fully heard from. FROM. W’ASHINGTON. New York, April 1. A Jlfontgomery Sprague is elected Governor of Rhode Is land, that State leaves the Union, and be- comes the commercial depot tnd summer The Tribune says that at several re- centsittings of the Cabinet an energetic po.icy relative to Sumpter was urged. ldeas of reinforcement were entertained in quarters hitherto ‘regardingit impractica- ble. ' i _ j ‘ Several leading naval officers express the beliefthat the fOrt could be reinforced with' ordinary risk by steamers in the night. F R0 N1 THE SO UTH. Bichmoad, March 31.â€"-â€"'l‘lie house was in session all night, considering the joint resolutionsrelative to the movement of troops and arms within the Commonwealth growing out of the proposed transfer of guns from the Bellona Foundry. Various amendments were proposed and rejected, amid an exciting debate. ’ The Senate’s amendment were finally passed, modified by authorizing the Governor to call out the public guard to arrest the contemplat- ed removal, and (lirecting'iiim to employ the iieetlfiil force to I‘t‘slzl any attempt to . remove the same beyond the reach and control of the State Govnment. THE SOUTH TO B Li) A MON- ARC lIY. ' A Seuthernplanter has given what he declares to be a true statement, in a letter to a Tennessee paper, as follows :- l\1Y DEAR Simâ€"1 am somewhat ac- quainted with the secrets of the secession- ists. and deem it important to the people of the whole United States Government, to acquaint them in due time of the ulterior de. sign of the secession movement. The question is not nor neVer has been,the pro- tection of the institution of slaves with South Carolina, but a desire for a change of Government, and to avoid the effects of N0ithein policy upon the prbduets of the Seuth, as it has been represented to me by one of the secret; agents that has been travelling all over the country for the last six months incog, for. the, purpose of hearing up . the masses in the border States to the cause of secessmn. But to come at once to ‘ their policy: First, it is to adopt the Constitution of the United States, under the Provisional Go- vernment for one year, and in. the mean- time to get the border States to unite With them, and when that is accomplished â€"then, at the end of one year, to call a Convention of the seeeding States and to f; aine a- Gowrnnieut upon ,a monarchial basis â€" and the hllttlSlc’lS‘Of the Southern Confederacy are instructed especially to so represent to the foreign Courts. Repub- lican form of government is to be abolished, and the last vestigc of Democracy to be destroyed: under this new order of things. But the secessionists are to withhold this intention from the pcOpleuntil the new Government can be organizcdin such a way as to give it. strength to secure its objects. If any shall doubt this disclosure, if, it were possible to compel by any means, the leaders of secession to make oath as to the truth of every word above dispatch to the Tribune states that it’ ruptcy; that we are suffedng so acutely that nothing short of brute force will over right us. Those dastardly French Canadians are lording it over us with a rod of iron. The Grand Trunk has. destroyed our credit. “7e are ta‘xcd'ibeyond precedent, and are in very truth in the last. stage of consumption ; and. nothing now can save us but. a Dis- solution of thern‘iou, with a Joint Authority myth’ or Written Consti- tution nostrum. These things are stated day after day, and week af- for week with unabated earnest ness, and the consequence is, that we really begin-to imagine tl‘i-at afé for all, and in spite of overwhelm- ing evidence. to the contrary, there." is something really “1‘011011- in the root of Denmark.” But we have only to calmly look around its, and we see at once the fallacy of our fOl-‘BbodlngS and the causelessness of our fears; for we maintain, in spite of all assertions to the con- trary, that we are in a far headthier condition at this moment than any other country under heaven. We have eXcellent laws», which with rare exceptions, are enforced in an impartial manner. “70 have no privileged aristocracy sucking our life’s blood; every avenue of life is open without restriction to all. Our population has more than doubled within the past few years; where once was the stately forest, there ' now the cultivated field, is and is heard the robust laborer whistling at the plough. A few years ago we were few in number and unknown Our‘churches were the pine stumps, or the rude log shanty ; ”and our schools resembled nothing so much as pig pens; and of the teachers,it might be said that .l i l ‘quite thexreveitse;and we would 53-.., ' .. 'i‘efor-ms that. are ,‘nceded we have in former issues pointed out. But be- fore we believe in: the cry of French domination ruining us, we would like to ask for the. signs of ruin, as we confess wécan see none, but also like to know how‘i’t is,that when. there are only fifty French Roman Catholic members in our Canadian, Parliament out of one hundred. and thirty, they can rule us; and be- sides, the party that diiis French Catholic oppression in our ears had more Catholic members of itscabi- net than the present Ministry ; and ‘not only that, but is still in alliance with the Catholic-«more power to: the Popeâ€"McGee. The spouting andthe action of the Grits certainly do not truly. - Bufin the fall we must have a gonoral election. We would therefore earnestly advise ourureaders not to be led away with the frithy declamalion of ameteur politicians. Let each one think for himself, and when told? we are going to destruction, let him demand {some proof. lf the bribery and cori'u‘ption incident to railways is mentioned, let him ask where are the signs of decay consc- quent thereon. That percolation is wrong we do not deity; but, i we ask, will dissolution,joint authority, written constitutibns, or any of these wild theories remedy railway fraud... No.’ What is wanted is not such remedies as these for any of our wrongs, but wise and constituâ€" tional reforms, not indeed to keep us from bankruptcy, but to give an impulse to our onward march of prosperity. t l _M>.< Vaughan: Council. __ THE Vaughan Council“ met at the Town Hall. All the members present, ' By-law No. 121, appointing P‘aih- masters, Poundkeepcrs, and Fence Viewers for the present year, was passed- Mr Brown moved. seconded by Mr. Cook,tliat the Treasurer be, and he is hereby authorized to pay the. following accounts : 'l‘o Alex. Scott, for printing, doc” . . .$‘21 25 ” J. A. Franks, for work‘donc at 'l'o N1) Hall.............. ...... 500 “ President of Vaughan Plank Road,. 30 00 -Carried. TheClerk was instructed to ad- vertise for tenders to re-erect the .Stahlc and Shed at the. rl‘rnVHLel-Ia'll, .The Councilthen adjourned to the 13th May, on which day all ap- Gideon llislop, 'l'liomas llislop, Arch’d. McQuarrie, Daniel Kiiinie, Wm. Jackson; Jacob Smith, 'l‘li0iiiasCliapniaii, W. Bttl'liltoldel’,jllll, Fras Bout. juiir., Wm. Constable. James Bryson, Peter Witherspoou, James Graham, ‘such tenders to be delivered to him peals against the, Assessment Roll Pound- W’illiam McDongall, Joliii Malloy, Wm. Marwood, Aner Matthews, Henry Shetl’e‘r. Jacob Stump. on or before the 13th May. will be heard. John Charlton, William Dulziel, Isaac Murray, James Stevenson, Duke Jarrett, Henry Akaiii. A n d row McGirr, _ List of Pat-hmasters, keepers and Fence Viewers. PA'rHMasv-uas. , Robt. Gordon, Daniel Raemau, John Bennett, "John Pickering, William Graham, lolxii Velie, sour, J. R Arnold, Jas. Stoug, ‘ 1 Henry \Vliite, Geo. Charlton, Wm. Laue, Benjamin llurd, John Velie, juiir.. }eorg.e Leit', J. B. Lawrence. â€" llassingtliwaite, Ediv. Slieplieid,juii. Daniel Smith, John Hart, James Pearson, li’oter Rupert, James Moriison, Win Davies, John Elliot, Nathaniel Wallace, Jolltl‘ Maynard, Jan-res Ewart,- tVixon Robinson, John Stevenson, \Vm. McBride, Donald Cameron, James Livingston. John White, Wm. Caiiioro ii, John Williams, John Porter, J-oel Racinau, George \‘Vallace, '.l‘h.:ou‘ias Smith. Daniel Steele, John Aririistead, ’ John Benton, \V in. l’ortor, Geo. \Vitlierspoon, Michael Vic-Lynch, Thomas Smith. Samuel Snider, John Phillips, John Fleming, Matthew Gowland, by teaching others they them-selves learned to spell. We iiadho roads, no markets, and no Commerce ; and now how do we stand? Our farm- ers are, as a class, populous and even opulent. The rude log but has been exchanged for the brick house. Our daughters dress in silks ; our farm‘s'are cultivated welt; our harvests are reaped, not with a sickle, but. i'eapers that \Vlll cut their ton, twelve or twenty acres per day. we have Universities iauglit by scholars o eminence.â€" We have schools in every section of the country; and our teachers are. as a class, as intelligent as can be found in any land, We have Rail- ways ncarly everywhere ; good roads also; and Canals, Steamboats, 81o, which in spite of severe wiriâ€" ters, give us a market for every kind of produce all the year round. We respectfully ask, is there in all this any indication of wide-spread ruin? if there is, we would like to knew what. are the signs of health and prOSperity. The fact is. as a people we have much to be thankful for, as we have peace in our borders and plenty in t‘ 1 remitted, the people would .find every . word true. Advices from Turkey say that the Grand» Vizier had tendered his resignation, but the Sultaiu refused to accept it. Holiday dea’ionstrations occurred in the . various towns of \ienetia on the annivers- _ai‘y of the birth of Victor Emmanuel. The military were under arms at Patina, but no collisin occurred. ‘ '” 1 did not promise secrecy of this dis- closure, although it was doubtless implied. But 1 deem it important to the whole country that it should be 111 due time ex- posed. By a i t i March Qt"), 1361. our midst; and they are no well wishers to the country that assert the contrary; and we would seriously advise our readers to shun those who are constantly prognosticaiing evil,.as in nine cases out often the wish is father to the thought. 0b- SOUTHERN PLANTER St A UNiON MAN. serve, wedo not pretend togsay but ‘ what we need some reforms; those Turpin Culnam, John Wood, Henry Paul, John Farr. 'l‘lios. McAliister, Geo. Arksey, Thos. Banks, Aaron l’roirtice, John Jeffery. 1., BENCE VIEWERS. Geo. Charlton, Josh. h'liattliewson, Benjamin llurd, Brigham Wilkinson, Win. Powell, Wm. Cote, -YViii. Cons-table, Jacob Burkholder, A. h’lcb'lurchyf ' "George” ‘l"earso‘ii, POUND-KEEPERS. George Sliepliordson, Joseph Gaby. John Campbell, ' Robt. Thompson, Wm. Elliot, 15. McMahon, Walter Dalzicl, Peter Frank, John Phillips, â€" Egan. >NM~~ The Northern Railway traffic for week ending March 23, was $8,419, against $6,523, for corresponding week last. year, being an increase of $1,896. The roceiptihis year is $70,571, and the corresponding time last year $49,762, an increase of nearly $21,000. These figures are certainly very satisfactory, for al- though the receipts of 1860 were largely in advance of 1859, the earnings this year exhibit a greater advance over 1860. ...__._.'po-4 RICHMOND HILL FAIRâ€"The usual monthly fair was held on Wednes- day last, at the. Masonic Hotel. Calves and Sheep, and plenty of buyers on the ground ; so that stock quickly changed hands, although prices did not range so high as on ‘orincr occasmhs. ' l’ ‘were carried on by the Rev, Mr. Struass 'and others. ‘; McDonald’s abilities as a teacher. - to be very proficient in Grammar, Geoâ€" Thcre was a good show of Cattle,- The Opening Spring. THE. first of April was ushered into existence with a storm of snow,ttie wind blowing nearly a hurricane. The‘storm lasted all day with un- abated fury, and it Seemed impossi- ble to believe it to b3 spring time, fOr it had=the appearance of being. January. But since then the wea- ther has been mild and. fine,_render- hug our roads (with the exception of Yonge street) all but impassibie The winter hasbe‘en along one and cold-but the abundance of snow has, we doubt not, protected the wheat from all harm. Therefor, ahhough we shall. haveia late spring â€"â€"yet it there are no more frosts, but genial weather-Micro is noth- ing to fear. In spite of the good crops of last season the money marltet‘ has been very tight, and business, as a whole, has been very dull; thus proving that we are far- from having recovered the lost ground occasioned partly bythe mad ' speculation of former years, and the failure of the crops about two years since. Still-there is no doubt that times have much improved, and should we be blessed with an abun- dant harvest this year, we think we I may safely say that we shall fully recover from the shock we then suffered. : -â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"uâ€"H4-â€"â€"-â€"â€"â€"-â€" VVE have received an original Tale from the pen of an esteemed corres- pondent. It .is entitled “ How Dougall got his wife,” founded on fact, and what makes it home inter- esting, it is said to have occurred in our own neighborhood. Will . appear next week. ”my (Morena-tritium. Vile wish it to be distinctly understood, the. we ‘ do not hold ourselves responsible for opinions expressed by correspondents through our columns. THE Township Societies of Mark- ham and Scarboro’ united with the East Riding York Agricultural Society, will hold their Spring Fair Plowing Match, on Wednesday, 1st day of May, 1861. Place to be named hereafterâ€"when committee repor‘ selectionof a sortable field.â€" Com. o AURORA CORRESPONDENCE. There is nothingofany moment stirring here. The “merchants seem to be doing a good business..â€" Machcll 82. F161 leave for Montreal to-morrow to buy their Spring stock; Lepper, Boyd, Mosley and Smith have received part of thei "s. The Messrs. Todd are about open- ing: a general store. The roads in the neighborhood are almost im- paséable. Verylittlel'trave-l. There . has been a great-deal of wood taken here at the R. R.'station, which has a tendency to keep up the price of wood in the village. Mr. George Graham has puréhased and furnish- , ed the \Vellington Hotel in the style of'a first-class house, and is deserving of a share of the patron- age of visitors. There is no local news. Mr. Jacob Wells, of this place, had three head of cattle run over last week, and killed by' the freight train moving north on the. Northern Railroad. I hear that the same train killed no less than seven head on its route north the same day. Mr. Wells has applied for redress. K. Aurora, April 2, ’61. >O< [Fur the York Herald. SCHOOL EXA MINATION. An examination. of the School in Sec. tion N0. 8, in the township of Markham, under the thition of Mr. A. F. McDonald, was held on Tuesday, the 26th inst., at which I took Occasion to be present.-â€"â€"_ Notwithstanding, the very unfavorable state of the weather, a goodly number of those interested in the school assembled, and appeared to be highly delighted with the day’s proceedings. In the absence of the Rev. Mr. Hill, L.S., examinations The manner in which the pupils acquitted themselves. and their ready answers to many difficult questions- in the various branches, were really grati. lying, and reflected great credit, not only on the pupils themselves, but also on Mr. ing gone through with the examinations, and the pupils having proved themselves 'grapliy, Geometry, and Algebra, as Well as the more common branchess, the next that attracted our attention was the Pen. manship. The writing of the- younger pupils Was very neat, without a blot per- the more advanced we have seldom seen equalled. There were also several speci- mens of Ornamental Penmanship exhibit. ed, which elicited many expressions of ad- miration. It was a very common remark among the spectators, that it seemed im- possible for them to do anything in a homely manner; and to do justice to the .‘teacher and pupils, we must say that, al- though we have seen many specimens of tee kind, we have seldom seen them equal- led, and never surpassed. We Were also shown quite a number of beautifully- colored Maps, some of which were scarcely discernabl‘e from the original, and all we‘re gotten up in a very creditable manner.' To enliven the proceedings and .1. 'higher rate than to another hot so situated. Hav- , ceptible in any of the books; while that of . make-the affair still more interesting, se- veralpieees of music selected for the oc- casino, were sung in an admirable manner. Several interesting and antiusingr dialogues were also‘introduced at intervals, eliciting ii'iuch applause. At the close of the ex- al iiriation, the teacher distributed a. num- ber of excellent prizes among the deservâ€" ing pupils; after which the Rev. Ilfr. Struass, in a. lively and appropriate man- ner, addressed the school, congratulating them on the progress they had made, and in the fortunate possession of a teacher of Mr. McDonald-s abilities, and cxhortingr tliem.;-to pursue the only path which leads to true honour. were then brought to a close, all highly gratified with the entertainment; Yours, 8m, JULius Cristina. Buttonville, Illiirch 27, 1861. film the York. Herald. Usury Laws. Enactments for the purpose of regulat- ing the interest of money have from the earliest times formed some portion of the legislation, of almost eVery commercial people; and still it. remains to be shown that such enactmeiitsjehave [accomplished their object, or have in general been at- tended by beneficial i'ecsults. Canada-has been no exceptinnftoithis general practice, nor to its universal failure. We have had the legal rate fixed at 6 per cent, and tliOse guilty of receiving more made 'sub- ject to severe penalties. Then we had the abrogation of the penalties, and 6‘per cent fixed as the maximum rate reconcicable at law. At the present time all parties are -lett free to make their bargains as they think preper. But some of our members of Parliament, who think themselves more competent to determine the amount that cacti. merchant shall pay for the loan of money than he is himself, appear deter- mined to force upon us another usury law. No less than three separate bills on this subject have been announced. lllr. Mc- Michen and Mr. Cauclion have each given notice of “ a bill to regulate the rate of interest,” and JlIr. Bourassa proposes to bring forward a measure to fix a uniform rate of 6 per cent. There appears to ex- ist among a certain class of people a sort. of undefined feeling of prejudice against the money lenders, for which it would be dif- ficult to assign a sufficient reason; and any proposition made for the purpose of diiriiiiishing the amount of his ill-gotten gain, meets with their warmest support.â€"-â€"â€" there was a time when it was thought necessary to fix the prices of certain com- modities, as Well as that of labor. Such law's, bovvever, invariably failed to 'ac- complish- the objects for which they Were enacted, and politicaleconomists are pretty Well agreed that they were not only use- less, but positively pernicious in their ten- dency. it does not require a. very pro- found knowledge of the science of political economy to be convinced of the justice and prosperity of allowing each individual to dispose of his goods or property to the best advantage. '1 he farmer would con- sider that law to be arbitrary and urjvust, which would compel him to sell his pro- duce tor a loner price than its real value, or to pay a higher rate of wages to his labourers than their services are actually worth. Such laws were once in existence, and the. principle on which they were founded, with the evils they sought to remedy, are identical with those of which the advocates of usury laws complain. Why should miney be made an exception to a rule, which is generally admitted to be correct l Why should. not the price of money, like the price of every other com- modity, he regu’ated by supply and de iiiand. if it he uiiwisc to attempt to re- gulate the price'of labor by law, is it not equally unwise to fix the price of money, which is but the npresentative of labour? The value of money, like that of wheat or potatoes, is affected by cases which no human wisdom . can torsiec. Peace or- war, a good or had crop, may increase or diminish the price of any of these articles very materially within a very short period. Money may be worth 8 per cent now,and 12 per Cent six mcntlis hence ' or to an J individual in difficulties, it may be worth a The borrower is the sole judge of the rate he can afford to pay, based upon the pro- fits or other advantages he effects to re- alize from its item. It may happen that a merchant. of,. the highest integrity,.hy the force of eircui‘iistauces, is unable to meet his payments. llis honor and business re- putation are at stake, and it is a matter of the greatest consequence to effect a loan, although he should pay enormously for it. In order to save himself from bankruptcy, and restore himself to a position of safety, it would he to his advantage to pay 12 or 15 per cent, if money could not be pro- cured cheaper. But suppose a law to ex- ist restricting the rate, to six per cent, and the money-lender finding it more profitable to speculate in land than to lend at that rate, and being a lawâ€"abiding person, re- fuses to lend. '1 he merchant, for want of temporary relief, is obliged to suspend payment, and ruin is the consequence. It is ti no there may occasionally be cases of great suffering arising from high rates of interest, but such instances are not tin- frequently the result of a want of prudence and forethought, or of causes which no le- gislation can control. A. manufacturer or farm-er, We will suppose, becomes involved, and ruin stares hitn iii the face. lite bor- r0ivs on mortgage, and the lender taking advantage of his iiecessities,_charges 12 or 15 per cent. He hopes, however, that a turn in business,a good crop, or better times, will enable him to pay off his debts. But the interest accumulates so rapidly that he is unable to overtake it; his pro- perty is sold, and he is left penniless. This may appear to be a Case of extreme hard- ship; but the arguments drawn from such instances can with equal propriety be cited in support of restrictive regulations in reference to produce or labor. During a season of scarcity the poor man with a large family may be obliged to pay double the price of ordinary years for his bread or flour. If his wages have not increased in proportion to the price of food, he must either run into debt or starve. lie pre- The proceediiigs" ) i .- . fers the former, and ash, consequence; Is left for years perhaps with the incubus oil a heavy debt pressing upon ...htm";€'~0tlzllls- creditors [seize upon his little allto satisfy their claims. It might with appiii‘iEnt pro. priety be said that~ Governmentsheuld not permit. the miller or the'baker to demand: a higher price for flour or. bread,. them the poorlinan can afford to pay. If legislai- tion is necessai‘ylto fix the priceof money, we can sic-e nb-reason- why flour-or- bread. should be‘ omitted-.7 If the borrower of' money “is tithe protected, why not the poor- laborer as. well, who is far, less .-ahle to protect himself? But all such laws age not only unjust in principle, but tlie'yfleife in.- Operative irr'practice. The means adopted for setting tlierrr atf‘d‘efiance ‘are'numerous and Well"kuown ;:’the ' ditfercnce‘ bétlvveen the legal and the actual value .of money being made up under the names ofpreinio urns, bonuses, discounts or exchanges ; and in the end the borrower is the. chief sufferer. In fact the direct result of usury laws 1. to raise rather than to reduce the rate of interest. ‘ Those who lend money at a higher rate than the legal per centhgeyrun a certain amount of'i‘risk, which of course must be. repaid by the borrower; so that the very persoris' that. such laivs are intended to benefit are those who [suffer most by their operation." _ x Tun BERLIN DEFALCATI‘OiVs.â€"â€" The evidence thken ”before ‘thé‘ police magistrate in‘ the Davidson case, supplies proof of‘tlie'? most extraordinary careless- nesson the part of the head ofthe money order department in Quebec. The», facts are so plain that Mr. Dewe, the Inspector, acknowledges. the correctness of the inâ€"v t'erence.’ A close inquiry intolh’ebircum- stances isvabsolutely essential to therestor- ation ofzpublic confidence in the manage- ment ofvttie department, and we trust that: no political. favouritism will prevent; the Government doing their duty in the premises. It seems to us that the officers of the department are‘prie’ssing rather hard on parties whom we believe to be innocent agents of Davidson. There is not a little of evidence to show that those who drew tlie‘money for the orders, shared in the plundecultimately effected by, the-Berlin postmaster. It isalleged that tliiiy must: have known that fraud was intendedfxom. the peculiar circumstances of theflchse; out this allegation, if a well-formed one, tells tremendously against the officers of the department. If the circumstances were so suspicious, why were they tiotTitio- quired into long before ’l It must be reâ€" membered, in dealing with the conduct of Davidson’s agents, that, that person was- supposed to be wealthy, and actuallywas of goodreputationâ€"almost the last man to be suspected of the practices he carried. on. No doubt, he drew the original. [orders for the purpose of raising money to stave off pecuniary difficulties, and ulti- :mately found himself unable to provide-for- what was deficient. His agentsin Toronto» and Hamilton" may have thought ‘that he was raising money at a very dear rate,"but Ellie orders were genuine, and their confi-4 dence in Davidson’s resources might; in- dune» them to go'no doing his work with» out reinonsteranee.â€"â€"Lcader. AN ATR-OCIOUS MURDER.â€"â€"-The Charleston correSpOiident otothe Tribune gives an account of a. lynching in Georgia. ,tle says:â€"â€"“‘ 1 have just left ,a, Georgian, hailing from a. small town, midway between Macon and Augusta, who tells me iatale ,of horror which I have no right to keep back. It occurred in the town,or rather village, of which 1 have already spoken, onlyffour weeks ago ,' at home he“ dared not speak of it, and he has no corresponâ€" deuce in the North. The victim of lawâ€"- less and barbaric cruelty in this instance was a printer who had been for some time employed by an Atlantic newspaper; lie was noticed by the rutfians to speak. to a. negro man, probably only requesting to be direct-ed to some house; he was seiged, a. rope was placed round his neck, and lie- was several times drawn from the ground, and dangled between earth and heaven}, after tormenting him. for half an ‘ hour, and threatening him with~ further punish- ment unless he confessed that lieWasav abolitionist, the villians'gave liin’t‘hnother’ jerk, and'he came down; this time, how... evrer, he was beyond the reach "of their- malice his neck had been broken. ’ {is - poor'murdieredz body lay before thedi, a glaring but powerless witness ;. his spirit; had flown to the region. of eternal-peace. where he was beyond the wrath of man. His remains were immediately buried without shroud or coffin. The man. who gave me this account is a. respectable honest, truthful man, who witnessed it, and who, if in a free and civilized State, would be willing at any moment to sub- stitute it by oath. He is very near to me while I write, and says that the. death struggle which he ivitnes’sed will never be obliterated from his memory. POST OFFICE SWINDLE.~â€"The Berlin Postmaster has decamped, leaving a deficiency behind of ten thousand dollars, principally in the money order department. The de- faulter is abro'thcr of the Sherifl'of the County, and was extensively known as the man of many offices â€"-up to the time of his flight being Postmaster, County Clerk, Division County Clerk, Express agent, 8:0. He failed in his last grasp for office being that of County Treasurérâ€" happily for the Countyâ€"Barrie .ifldvance. The Perth Courier says :â€"0hofday last week a young lad brought a piece of quartz rock to Mr. Lilly’s Foundry in Perth to get,- melted, which was done,and aboutsixteen,peunywaights of bright yellow metal procured. This tliizlad took to Mr. North‘gravos, watchmuher,‘ I get tested, when it was found to be pure gold. "1 o lad refused to tell his name, or the place where he had found the sample, and merely remarked as he left, that ‘ his fortune Was made.’ We believe it is now an, established fact that the neighbourhood of Perth is rich in mineral wealth. Look out for the gold mine. M A soldier jumped over a cliff at Dover. to escape a pursuing picket. He was taken up alive, but dangerously injured.