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IHE COLBORNE EXPRESS, COLBQiHE, ONT, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1923 Address communications t Agi ■ Sticking to the Hog Business. Economy in the use of feeds and the adoption of labor-saving methods are imperative for the hog raisers of to-day, and short feeding periods in which cheap bulky feeds play as important a part as consistent with rapid gains will undoubtedly yield the greatest net profit. Ample provision should be made for the supply of suitable feeding materials. Many a hog grower has overlooked the feed problem only to realize that putting weight on a large drove of hogs involved serious outlays. While corn is the most important grain feed, there are many times when barley and oats may be used to advantage in feeding breeding stock and growing pigs. So the farmer who desires to follow a safe and conservative system of hog feeding, especially in a region where there is i less danger of a partial failure of the corn crop to mature sound ears, will find it advantageous from several points of view to grow a few acres of these small grains to help out in his feeding operations in case the ,corn crop fails. Not only will they prove of great value at such times, but they may be used to good advantage to balance up the protein content of the ration when corn is being fed in liberal amounts to the growing pigs and breeding stock. These feeds will save many dollars in the purchase of protein concentrates, and prove efficient substitute for corn in i of partial crop failure. Another factor in economical hog growing at the present time is that of keeping down labor costs. Science and experiments indicate that hogs make more economical gains from the same amount of feeding materials where labor charges are low, that is, on farms where the hogs are allowed to gather a portion of their feed in the fields, and where the grain feeding is simplified as much as practicable by the use of self-feeders. Various feeders report satisfactory results with self-feeders for growing Pigs^ and breeding stock; while other men prefer the old way, inasmuch as it makes it possible for them to make more efficient use of the forage crops and pasture. During the fattening period, however, the hog is the best judge of its own needs, for when left to its choice it will balance its ration to produce the most profitable gain, eating less and less of protein and more and more of carbohydrates as it grows older and fatter. Besides, this makes it possible for one man to feed a large number 0f hogs without nee-vmonia thi wirk. W&en coH-'f There II ditions justify a full feed of grain there is no doubt that the free choice method of feeding is the most effi-tient and economical. Harvesting crops with hogs not jpnly helps to solve the complicated lab,or problem, but it pays. In test after test it has been found that hogs turned into forage and corn fields Waste but little feed and produce Iheaper gains than when fed in yards, >nd they save a lot of work gathering and preparing the feeds. The practice of hogging down corn is so profitable that many farmers sew Jrape in the corn fields and plan the corn crop so as to extend the length of time during which the hogs can be used in harvesting the crop. Each spring the first corn which they plant consists of a small field of a ninety-day variety. This matures two or three weeks before the main crop and gives the hogs that much more work to do before cold weather comes. The early maturing varieties of corn usually yield rather less -than the later .ones, but the saving of labor and the BStra «ork per bushel in full compen-«ation for that. Besides beginning omist, 73 Adelaide St. West, Toi the full feeding period that much earlier makes it possible to hasten the time of marketing the hogs. Fertilizing the Orchard. The need of plenty of plant food in the orchard is one of the essentials which has been greatly overlooked. A properly balanced ration is as necessary for the apple and peach and small fruit as it is for an animal, is this which produces the bearing wood, and hence the fruit and quality of the fruit is also dependent upon this. Proper balance must be kept between the amount of plant food elements obtained by the leaves from the air, and those obtained by the roots from the soil, in order to get the large, attractively colored and deliriously tasting fruit. And if plant food is not present in sufficient quantities in the soil, the roots can no1 get it. The kind, form and amount of plant food available for the use of the plant controls wood growth. Wherever one of the essential plant foods is lacking, that is--present in unavailable form or in insufficient amounts--satisfactory growth of bearing wood is impossible. With fruits, as well as with all other crops, each of the three essential plant foods has a specific function. Ammonia is the stem and leaf producer. It makes new wood, and gives to the foliage the healthy green color which by experience we associate with thriftiness and vigor. Phosphoric acid hastens maturity and increases production of fruit. This is seen on corn, is seen on wheat, and is equally apparent, although oftentimes more important,. on fruit Potash strengthens wood growth. It also aids in producing healthy, disease-resistant growth, the kind which allows the production of quality As mentioned earlier, the plant food must be balanced. The best fertility practice is that which grows enough wood for a full set of fruit, but which also controls the growth, ripens it in time to prevent winter killing, and keeps it within bounds so that it may not smother or otherwise injure the fruit. Just what fertilizer to apply depends very largely on how the orchard is being treated. Tillage increases the availability of soil nitrogen, so for a time--although a limited time-- a tilled orchard requires less am-does a sod mulch orchard,, is a difference 'in soils, sandy soils being weaker in potash and phosphoric acid than loamy soils, while clay soils are richer in potash. Commercial fertilizers are valued according to the amount of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash contained, the amounts being figured in per cents., indicating that the fertilizer contains four per cent, of ammonia, terr per cent, of available phosphoric acid, and six per cent, of potash. The following fertilizers give apple growers a sufficient range of choice: Sod Mulch System: Sand 5-7-2; loam, 6-8-0; clay, 6-8-0. Tilled Orchards: Sand, 3-10-4; loam, 3-10-2; clay, 3-12-0. The amount to apply also varies, but four to five pounds per tree, spread on about a month before the trees blossom, will give best results. As a fruit grower studies his crop, the relationship between plant growth and fruit production becomes more and more evident and he is then able, sometimes, to change his fertilizer so as to fit changing needs. The above range of analyses, however, fits nearly all needs of the modern progressive apple grower. or Fabric. PARTRIDGE TIRES Game as Their Name ,* THE SUNDAY SCHOOL Jonathan and His Armorbearer, Sam. 14: 1-46. Golden Text, Joshua 1: 6. 1-3. He told not his father. Whi 1 have been abundantly justified both J in Jewish and in Christian history, j Victory has not always gone to the ,( greatest numbers or to the strongest battalions. Compare Ju<" Saul came up from Gilgal to join his and 2 Chron. 14: 11. Before the battle sen at Gibeah he had only six hundred at Beth-horon, in which the little hand , „ , . . . , ■-■„ of heroes under Judas Maccabaeus men left out of b.s ar.r.y of thre* faced & big.armV) Judas is said to thousand. The Plv.hstmc force was have spoken these great words: "With very large in comparison with the_ heaven it is all one, to save by many combined numbers of Saul and Jona-"' or by few; for victory in battle stand- than, but the numbers given in 13: 5 eth not in the multitude of a host, may have been increased by a scribe's error. Thirty thousand chariots would-have been of little use in that rugged and mountainous country. Besides three bands of raiders had gone out from the Philistine camp in different directions, thus materially reducing the numbers of the main body. In any case, however, Saul must have* been in great anxiety and distress of mind, and it is not at all likely that he would have given consent to so rash' an adventure as that proposed by his son. So Jonathan, and the young man who bore his shield and weapons, stole away on their daring expedition without any of the people^ brave servant followed him closely. knowing. Saul tarried in Gibeah, his tent pitched in the shade of a pomegranate tree. With him was the priest Ahiah, or "Ahijah," a great-grandson of Eli^ wearing an ephod, that is a sort of cloak or coat, covering the shoulders and secured round the waist by a-girdle, which was the distinctive priestly garment. 4-5. Between the passages, eaf' "passes." These may have been ravines running down from one side or the other into the main valley, by means of which it was easy to go down, cross over, and ascend on the other side without being seen. Two sharp rocks, or rocky crags, are mentioned. "The one crag the south in front of Geba" (see Rev. Version). The main valley is described by Kelman as "the gully of Michmash," and a:s "not like a valley, but a crack in the rocks, hundreds of feet deep." 6-10. "To save by many or by few." These words of courage and of faith but strength is from heaven." (1 Mace. 3: 16-21; compare Heb. 11: 34.) "This shall be a sign." It was characteristic of the faith of that age to look for Indications of God's will in signs and omens. Compare the story of Gideon and the sign or omen of the dream in Judges 7: 9-15. 11-13. "We will shew you a thing." The Philistines indulge in merriment and scoffing at the expense of the two j who are coming toward them up the narrow pass in. the rocks. In that narrow space they could go but one at a time, and Jonathan, who was a turdy fighter, cut them down. The two, with God, were a host that day. ■ 14-15. A half acre of land. The two adventurers had reached the top of the ascent and were engaging the Philistine garrison, which must have been totally unprepared for so amazing an assault. Already twenty men had fallen, when suddenly the earth quaked. Panic seized the Philistine garrison, already alarmed, and they took to flight, running hither and thither. 16-46. The watchmen of Saul saw the tumult and flight of the enemy and told him of it. The absence of Jonathan and his servant was discovered. Where were they? What had happened? The priest was called to bring north in front of Michmash, and the? the sacred ephod (not the ark) and Turkey eggs are almost invariably hatched under turkeys or ordinary hens. Artificial methods are very seldom used, though good results are often obtained when high class i: bators are used. When ordinary hens are used, the methods of caring for both hens and egg? are the same as when hens' eggs are use.1, except that it requires four weeks to hatch turkey eggs where only three weeks are required to hatch liens' eggs. Turkey hens have considerable of the wild nature, although bred more or less in confinement for a good many generations. For that reason they are likely to "steal" their nests in out of the way places where it is difficult to find the eggs and take proper care of them. It is therefore wise to make nests out of old material (never use new material for it makes the turkeys suspicious) and in secluded places and put a nest egg or two in each nest to encourage the turkey to lay there. It is best to examine these nests in the late afternoon, because if the turkey^ is found there, she is likely to leave that nest and select a new one which she thinks will not be discovered. While there is danger from frost or when there is danger from rats, crows, or other animals which like eggs, the eggs should be picked up every day and nest eggs put in their places so that the hen will not notice their absence. Then when the hen begins to sit, the eggs may be placed in the nest and the nest eggs removed while the hen is eating. When a turkey steals her nest, it should be carefully examined when the hen is absent to make sure that it is not where water will settle in it during a rain and has sides high enough so that the eggs will not roll out. Very often the nest that a turkey will select is not at all adequate to hold the eggs. Any changes made, however, should be accomplished with the old material around the nest, like dried twigs, leaves and so forth, so that the hen will not notice it and start a new nest in a more secret place. It is never advisable to have two hens sitting near together, because if one hatches first the other may leave her nest entirely, in an attempt to adopt some of the poults of the other mother. During the sitting period, care should be taken that the hens get off their nests to eat once a day and that they have plenty of clean, sweet, whole corn, some grit and plenty of fresh water. After they begin to sit there is not any danger that they will leave the nest and it is safe to visit them occasionally, though cara must be taken not to frighten them, When You Are Educated. Education 1& the knowledge of how to use the whole of one's self. Men are often like knives with many blades; they know how to open one. and only one; all the rest are buried In the handle, and they are no better than they would have been if they had been made with but one blade. Many men use but one or two faculties out of the score with which they are endowed. A man Is educated who knows how to make a tool of every faculty-- how to open it, how to keep it sharp, and how to apply it to all practical purposes.--Beeener. Days for deeds are few, my brother. Then to-day fulfil your vow; If you mean to help another, Do not dream it--do it now. consult the oracle. Then Saul and his men joined in the battle, completing! the rout of the enemy. So the Lord saved Israel that day. But Saul's rash and foolish oatl (v. 24) nearly cost him and his peoph the life of his gallant son. See vv 25-46. Locust Control. Of all the means employed stroying locusts none other ca pare favorably with the poisoned baits, the utility of which has been proved beyond question. Their success, however, depends greatly upon careful application, while failure can nearly always be traced to some fault, in making or applying the baits. The. Entomological Branch has just issued' Circular No. 13 "Locust Control the Prairie Provinces," by Ne' Criddle. r~TJii;f will be s"ent free i' application to the Publications Branch of the Department of Agi culture, Ottawa. It gives full i formation regarding preparation and application of baits. It further states that the locusts, which last year great damage in Western Canada, the native kinds known respectively as the Lesser Migratory and the Pellucid Locusts. These locusts pass through various stages and reach maturity about forty-five days after emerging from the ground in early May. During this time they continuously feed on growing plants. On attaining the winged state the habits of the locusts undergo a change, they ire flying and egg-laying habits, remaining voracious feeders. By and of June flights as a general .vrrencet and extensjve migration^ m&V be observed on warm days. Productior i nation. It is as verybody a ilease you. i the s vmg grace of THE FARM WORK SHOP The farm shop had best be near the house, of can be a part of it, if easy of access. A part of the wagon house, either the ground floor or loft, or a wing of the barn, may be partitioned off. Better yet, erect a separate and especially planned building, perhaps as a shed or lean-to. It should be large enough to swing a twelve-foot board or a wagon tongue and hounds, and at least as high as an ordinary room--nine feet. It must be well lighted, with windows on two sides--better, on three sides; or there may be a glass door. For, winter work, when most making and mending jobs can be done, the shop should have a stove, a little air-tight affair chiefly suited for wood. Fixtures in the Shop. j The special appliances in a shop ?-e several and should be placed where, they will be mooJ handy to get at and to use. On one side put the carpenter's bench, having its strong wooden vise and broad, level top with so-called bench stops at one end. Best is a regular cabinet-maker's bench, with side and tail vises; opposite the latter should be a row of holes for plugs, with another plug in the vise so that a strip or board can be held between plug and vise, and planed. Behind the bench, on the wall, there should be a tool rack, consisting of strips of various size3 cut out to hold the carpenter tools. In one corner near the bench place the chopping-block, A pair of carpenter' trestles, are necessary; let them be heavy, with legs that spread comfortably and fit the even floor. And do not forget the grindstone, preferably foot power. For the storage of useful articles, such as assortments of brads, nails, screws, bolt3, rivets, wire, strip iron, braces, angles, metal cleats, hinges, clasps, etc., etc., make use of an old chiffonier, or similar article of furniture with drawers, into the divided portions of which this material may be classified. A very good way is to use cigar boxes with the lids torn off. The foregoing is the simply pointed shop; there may be wisely added by the enthusiast for mechanical appliances a small forge, a light drill press, and even a foot-power circular saw. Indeed, there is hardly an end to the useful machinery that in a small way may constitute time and money savers on a large ph for there is not any one of them but will pay for itself in a short time. Many a useful, many a happy hour may be spent in the farm shop. Put a comfortable old chair in a corner and, having a good fire in the stove, engage some friends in conversation while you work. Tools for Metal Work. Following is a list of metal-working tools which the busy and up-to-date agriculturist could use to good advantage for the many and varied lending and making jobs that often overlooked even in the more j forever turning up and proving neces-elaborate trade shops. This is a three- j sary. foot section of log of any sound wood, j For metal work: A hack-saw frame eighteen inches or more in diameter,; and set of saws; set of twist drills to stood on end over a floor-joist, or with ; fit brace or drill press, from one-six-a brace beneath to the ground. With j teenth-inch to one-half-inch by thirty-a sharp hatchet no end of rapid work: seconds; set of files, including twelve-can be done on this block, thereby! inch fiat coarse, eight-inch, flat fine often saving time and energy. j ten inch rat-tail coarse, six-inch rat- Near a window, on a stout piece of i tail fine, ten inch three-corner, seven-plank set on a heavy upright, braced inch three-corner, ten-inch half-round to the wall, though at least two feet; and twelve-inch rasp; pair heavy from it, bolt thi iron vise, a heavy, i cutters; pair light pliers; cold chisels, reliable article with jaws four or five one-fourth-inch ar.d one-inch; centre inches long and made to open as wide, punch; bevel reamer, monkey wrench-The vise that is attached to a small es, light and heavy; countersink; two anvil is very handy. On the back of hall-peen hammers, eight ounce and this stand, naih a board with a raised twenty ounce; set of standard bolt rim or strip around it for the metal- thread taps and dies, working tools -- monkey-wrenche?, The«e tools can be secured from files,, drills, wire cutters and '" hardware. It pays to cold chisels and ball-peen hammer?,. and. BE ideal wedding With a Brunswick in their 'home the Bridal Couple have at their instant command all the world's music--played exactly as it should be played. The Brunswick's exclusive method of reproduction includes the wonderful all-record, all-needle Ultona and the Round All-Wood Horn. MADE IN CANADA and a Brunswick product entirely--one of the few "truly Canadian-made" phonographs which are built wholly by one factory organization. Let your ears be the judge--hear the Brunswick play any make of record at your nearest Brunswick dealer's. Mail us this Coupon for FREE Booklet The Musical Merchandise Sales Company Dept. W.L., 819 Yonge 8treet, Toronto Please send me, free of charge and prepaid, your illustrated booklet showing the New Bruns-wick method of reproduction. Name............................................ Street or R.R..................................... P. O........................ Prov................. The Macartney Machine Milker Is Fool Proof There is no complicated mac^lrjsry to the Macartney Machine Milker,'in fact it is a marvel oj simplicity. It only needs ordinary care and it will not get out of order. Besides being eo simple/ tha Macartnay '• Milker is perfectly natural jn operation, then* is nothing about it to irritate the cow, in fact its use is greatly preferable to the bid method. Hand milking at best is only poor imitation of the calfs way of taking tnc milk. . The Macartney Machine-mjlka exactly as the calf sucks--that's why it is called "The Cow'a adopted child." ' " Increase Yosir Milk Production More milk per cow Js invariably the result where" the Mec^fQijft Milker is installed It is not a matter of great expense'%fld'j|l^ . Macartney soon pay3 for ftself for it does the work in bell tho time and effects a great saying in, Labor < '