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m FUTURE OF THE JEWS I life, it will surely not flower into Its third national period without some new precious fruit for the human race, whose service is its highest Mr. Israel Zangwil, Writes Entertainingly of Their Destiny. When one reflects upon "the solidarity and persistence of the Jewish race, the inijpression of a historical miracle is produced in consciousnes A few tribes of emancipated slav< in the far distant past, are led o of Egypt through the desert to the land of the Canaanite on the borders of the Mediterranean and in few generations become fixed as pastoral, warrior people, under t protection and care of the tribal God Jah've. Rcfcbsd in the eighth tury B.C. of a great part of their . .strength by the Assyrian conquest •they still persisted stubbornly southern Palestine, about the sacred city of Jerusalem, for another fun dred years or more until they seenu utterly abolished as a nation by t; powerful Nebuchadnezzar of Babylo: Events or, as thoy said, Jehovah favored them in the Persian conquest of Babylon under Cyrus arid the Jewish remnant, disciplined and pur-Ified, returned to the holy places to fcuild once more the city of David and the Temple. Here the national life was maintained under various suzerains until the capture of Jerusalem by Titus in 70 A.D. Henceforward the Jewish nationalty existed only by reason of racial and religious ties, while its members were scattered throughout the world. Their religion forbade marriage with other peoples whom they despised for their idolatry arid moral corruptions. As the "Chosen People," their coherence was effected not only \>y strong racial instinct, but by an unshaken attachment, to the revelation of divine truth in the I/aw and the Prophets. It was thus that detached groups of Jews c found in every civilized nation of the world and the Ghetto has been an institution well-nigh as OLD AS CHRISTENDOM. But a growing spirit of tolerance in the world, which showed plainly in the eighteenth century, had a tendency to disintegrate the Ghetto. The effect of this change on the Jew is thus set forth by Mr. Israel Zangwill in the London Daily Mail : "The freer the Jew is left the more he terids, if not towards Christianity, towards a broader view of it, and towards the acceptance of Christ in the Apostolic chain of Hebrew prophets. The modern Jew pr' Christian, only too eager xnire tho ideals of whatever nat lives amid, only too uncritical. There ■can be little doubt, therefore, that were the Jew left to himself arid given a free run in Christendom and freo elbow-room he would in the course of a few generations be practically merged with his environ-But Christendom Is yet too unchristian, thinks Mr. Zangwill, tc welcome or further this interfusion Such instances as the Dreyfus cast in France and the Kishineff massacres in Russia show the pei of anti-Deinitic prejudice that tend to keep the Jew isolated generations to come, especially since half of the eleven millions of T are penned in tho Russian pale only about two millions enjoy ehing like the sunshine of a tolerant freedom. EFFT' t OF ZIONISM. Zionism, says : "For, begins tc e of integration ■velaus factor of Mr. Zangwill indeed by i i historical religion the segregat-. and dietary laws to dissolve, a new cohesive force arises to bind together the loosening atoms of Israel, Or perhaps it was always there--this sense of racial unity, perhaps it was the deep basal force of which unity of religion was only a superficial effect. "Whatever bo tho true motive power of so-called anti-Semitism, and whether it, race, or religion has been the true preservative of the Jewish people, the Zionist movement compounded of all these three septic factors--evoked by anti-Semitism, fed by racial sympathy, and inspired by religious hopes--has come to cry-halt to disintegration, to rescue at once the Jewish people from persecution and the Jewish psychology-- with its race spiritual products--from Submergence in the general life. "It knits together a thousand vaeillators and holds them in the brotherhood, awaiting tho necessarily slow fulfilment cf the movement's aim--'a publicly legally assured home in Palestine.' Waiting without working is a form of opium-eating-- it has been the disease of the Jew for eighteen centi himself weakly with visions of ing glory--but WORKING AND WAITING Is a noble stimti ready producing Jewish life and letters, and help the Jew to shuffle off the igiic coil of the Ghetto. Already swift development of physical m liness under new open-air coriditi promises to bring back thi Maccabean type." The road back to Palestine, Mr. Zangwiil thinks, will be long," hard, and circuitous, arid will involve many readjustments arid a'dapttions to pew historic conditions to which the Jew will hopefully submit. "Thus tempered, prepared, and reunited," concludes Mr. Zangwill, "he will await the opportunity of colonizing the Holy Land with his overflowing population, arid there rein-spired and resanctified by the fulfilment of this secular dream, he will continue his work towards the creation of a model state, which, set on Zion's Hill, may be a light to the "The race which produced Moses, Isiah, and Spinoza has still other messages to speak, and cross-fertilized as it now must be by all that Christianity has achieved in the sun 'during «ts own centuries of hii!den i that d A BRAKE FOR SHIPS. "The Canadian government has i cently equipped one of its vessel: the steamer Eureka, plying on inland waters--with a ship brake," says The Scientific American. 'A name indicates, the brake is ed to check the speed of a vessel. It can also be utilized to as: ing about in a limited shipway. During a recent trial made in the St. Lawrence River, near Montreal, the steamer was driven ahead at an indicated speed of eleven knots an hour. Steam was then shut off, and, simultaneously, the brake on each side opened. The vessel came to a full stop within a distance equa to her own length. Tho brakes wero then closed, the vessel sent ahead until tho original rate of speed was attained, when the engines were reversed and the brakes opened, with the result that all headway ceased after she had gone but 50 feet-- about her length. In manoeuvring the Eureka at full speed she was turned also within her own length, with one brake thrown open. An examination of the hull and brake mechanism after the tests showed apparently no .harmful strain or other damage, and in operating the brake no jar or vibration was observable by those on board. "This new form of brake is placed on the sides of the hull, and in its construction and method of attachment to tire ship resembles somewhat AN ORDINARY RUDDER. It extends downward from the extreme load line of'the vessel to the bilge keel, convenience of stowing and hauling the necessary area being secured by making the bra.ke relatively deep in proportion to its width. The gate, as it is called, consists of a stout plate of steel, heavily reinforced, which is hinged vertically to the vessel, arid normally, when not in use, is folded snugly against the side of the ship. A series of heavy steel struts arf pivot-ally attached to the back of the gate near its outer edge, and also to a series of sliding plates which are arranged to move horizontally in covered ways, built into the structure of tiro hull. When the gate is folded forward against the side of the ship, the sliding plates are, of course, at the forward end of the covered ways, but as the gate is released and thrown open by the pressure of the water as the ship travels forward. the sliding plates travel backward in their pockets and compress the water that is contained within the covered ways. "At the rear end of these ways is a number of orifices, which allow the water to " escape gradually as the gate, in opening, pushes the slides backward. The forward edge of the gate is secured in place, when the brake is not in action, by a series of catches arranged in a vertical shaft. The rod on which the gate is hinged is provided with a bevel gear by which the gate may be started to open. The method of operation is as follows : When it is ' stop the vessel suddenly event of FRAME'S MODEL PRISON Has a Capacity for 1,524 Inmates--Prisoners Never See Each Other. At a cost of $2,000,000 the French Government has built a model prison, which is the largest of the cellu-confinement, type the mid. It i . Fr. about eight miles from Pari: its five huge rectangular blocks, together with the exorcise grounds, warden's quarters, and gardens, cover half a square mile. It is the pride of the French Department of Prisons, and many Americans who are interested in criminology have been permitted to visit it during the two years it Jms been open. Fresnes is a prison for short-term convicts, and receives all males convicted and sentenced to short terms in the Department of the Seine. It succeeds three old-fashioned establishments--Mazas, St. Pelagie, and Le Grande Rocquette. These prisons were old-fashioned, with poor sanitary systems, and many dark and unhealthful cells. In the new prison one cell is as bright and healthful as any other, because the star-shaped construction has been done away with. The main prison at Fresnes consists of three large halls of stone, built parallel to one another, and connected by a bisecting gallery. Between the halls are tho exercise yards each containing sixty compartments for even in exercise the prisoners are not permitted to seo one another. Above each set of compartments is a bridge, from which the warder or guard watches the prisoners arid is himself watched by his superiors. The cells are larger arid better equipped than one would expect in a prison. They are 13 by 8 feet, and feet 9 inches in heigh. Fixed to e wall against which it folds when it in use, is an iron bedstead. Besides, there is a table fixed to tho floor and a chair attached to the wall by a chain. Each cell is lighted by electricity, and provided with running water. In each there is a large window of nontrans-parent glass, which admits plenty of light, but allows no view of the earth. It can be opened at the top, permitting the prisoner to study the sky when he needs a. change of view, and admitting all the air that is necessary to his comfort. The floors of the cells are of oak and the walls are enameled in white. Strange as it may seem, each cell is provided with an electric bell, by which the officer in charge may be summoned, nor is this unusual luxury abused. AN IMMENSE CAPACITY. The prison has a capacity^for merit, and for emergency four hundred can be imprisoned in association. There are, in another building, 154 cells for tho temporary sojourn of long-term prisoners who are about to be transferred-or transported to colonial prisons.. This Ives a prison capacity for more ian two thousand. The administration block is a in^ge ne, and completely equipped. The offices, kitchen, stores, and machin-: ery plants are on separate floors^ 1 Ther , making electric trams, which carry landing, the catches that hold the | stores, and even sick prisoner forward ends of the gate are releas- j any P^t of the prison. J.wo. ed, and by means of the bevel gear cooked by prisoners who are the gate is slightly opened. The j e*tr^ly short pressure of the water then catches the forward edge of the gate, swii it out to the full-open position si den jar or shock being prevented of the water cushions ot n ed each day, s m. Breakfast co: | I bread. The din „ I borate arid varied „ I The confine back of the slic of the brake can be controlled er tirely either from the bridge or fron gine-room as may be desired.' AMUSED CECIL RHODES. Cecil Rhodes rarely indulged i: hearty iaugh," says an engineer formerly lived in South Afric in the early diamond days at Kimberley I knew him to almost iplit his sides at the following story, is told by poor Barney Barnato:-- "At a seaside fair a tough old salt vas gathering in pennies by the exhibition of a peep-show, which he rigged up himself--heads of bro-ginger-beer bottles for peepholes, and a queer arrangement of lights and optical illusions within. A little girl with pig-tail braids standout horizontally behind her head had paid her penny, and on tiptoe gazed at the wonders to bo seen trough the magic beer bottles, hich the old showman explained in response to her eager questions. And what's that blue light?' the asked. 'That's Napoleon crossin' the Halps.' " 'My! And what's the yaller light?' 'Oh, that's Missus Napoleon.' 'But what's the big red light?' 'Red light? There ain't no red light.' " Why, yes, there is a red light, and it's growing bigger and bigger.' " 'Wot? Here, you "stand aside, missey, an' let's have a peep.' He looked, then threw up both hands, roared: 'Crikey!, Me whole bloomin' show is on fire!' " WILLING TO DO HIS PART. An old farmer once took tea with former Duko and Duchess of Buc-cleuch, at Drumlanrig Castle, his grace's Dumfriesshire estate. His first cup of tea was gone almost before the duchess had poured ut. Again and' again his cup passed along to the head of the table. At the sixteenth cup the duchess became uneasy about tho upply on hand. "How many ups do you take, John?" she asked. "How mony do ye gie?" John ask- nily. id, c Figures may not lie, but a skilfu mathematician may be able to jug gle them to some purpose. ___solitary, tion of the few emple chen and laundry the their cells for any pu or head uncovered. Uh'.'i •e oxcep-tlie kit- t for e the l white mesh. little cell-like parlors, of ■re are six on the ground ach hail, they wear a hood mesh. The hood is peint--er the should- a hangman s cap. The most interesting building within the Fresnes enclosure is the chapel-school, with its 252 sittings, separate and covered. From these 1 ( Lin ji ison is can see the priest or lecturer, and nothing more. Attendance on religious service is not obligatory, and, though there is room in the chapel for only one-sixth of the number of prisoners, the capacity has been found ample. INTERESTING EXPERIMENT. In the last year an interesting experiment has been conducted by the Paris Society for Lecturing in Prisons. Lecturers are sent at frequent intervals, arid such prisoners as desire may attend. Tho evil of drunkenness is a favorite topic, and the authorities believe that the lectures have had some influence on the d: which has been marked of late. Such a lecture with the audience peering out of separate boxes through four-inch openings, is indeed a strange sight. Some prisoners, by choosing the separate confinement, are able to reduce their sentence one-fourth, but the severity of the punishment hardly makes up for the shorter term. An English prison expert who has made an extensive study of the French system has this to say about it :- the The perpetual wearing of hood to prevent him from seeing the face of his fellow-man, and the opening of his window to the heavens above that he may not even look upon the face of the earth--all this tends to destroy any residuum of social instincts which few forms of institution life strive sufficiently to foster. The desire for the companionship of our kind is a craving as urgent, if not as immediate, as a craving for food, While just as bodily health suffers when the individual is deprived of food, so does the mental health suffer when one is deprived of companionship." The rudder of a yacht i LARUE ELECTRIC PLAIT What the Famous English Pleasure Resort Does to Make Itself Attractive. There are many causes that go to make Brighton the wonderfully tractive place it is. Some of thorn the visitors know; very many they do not. Indeed, there are in Brighton, as in othor seaside resorts, townfolk who do not quite realise the importance and value of quite a lot of things that play a great part in encouraging visitors arid so providing bread arid butter. Perhaps one thing that more than any other makes Brighton so attractive satisfactory to visitors is the progre3sivoness of the corporation in 11 sorts of undertakings. Brighton corporation is one of the biggest municipal trading concerns in the United Kingdom. It 'controls and operates all tho big public works of the town, and will very l break out in a new kind of enterprise. Tho mortality and advisability of municipal trading is a debatable subject, but Brighton's schemes are working out all right, arid are justifying very large exten-ions arid new developments. One of the most striking examples i in its control of the electric light and power supply of the borough and district, and tho way this busi-:ss is branching out. HUGE ELECTRIC PLANT. Down at Shoreham the workmen "e beginning this week to roof in arid bring into recognizable shape huge iron erections that will i house what will be in miany respects tho largest municipal electric light and power plant in the kingdom. It will be actually the largest in the south and the sixth largest the Unitod Kingdom, The magnitude of the plant is appreciated hen it is realized that it is only beaten by the municipal plants in s like Glasgow and Manchester, that it easily beats tho plants ities like Birmingham, Bradford and Leeds. Brighton's population is only 125,-000, while some of the towns far bo-it in provision of the latest lighting and motive forces of the century number half a million inhabitants, The present power-Jiouso s in the center of the town. The ridertaking was started with about 120 customers iu 1892. It now has 4,000, including such good ones as Brighton Tramways and the Volk Electric Tramway. The use of electric power in the town has been extended in a rcmmlc-ble way in the last few years, arid oon Brighton will be an electric own, with all the clatter of engines rid the smoke of boiler fires remov-d far away to the seashore by Shorehanx, TOWN BLOWS ORGANS. **rPhc corporation supplies the power that runs the engineering shops the breweries, soda-water manufactories, and such like works, hotel lifts, arid dectric motor-cars, and the corporation electricity also blows the organs in very many of Brighton's churches. Indeed, the, corporation has just formulated a scheme to enable churches to get power for their organs at a cost that will leave no se for any one doing manual labor in church on a Sunday. e new works at Shoreham were bed in 1899. They are not exact lv built in the sea, but they are " where the sea was in 1899. A tidal channel that ran up boskie. the 1, near the gasworks, has been filled in, and on this site, with the on one side and the canal on other, the huge works stand. This nearness to the sea is an important aad interesting factor. There wi 1 be an i convenient supply of \ be condensed, of course--and the corporation will also save quite £5,000 . a year in the cost of coal. TOWN OWNS WHARVES. To avoid payment of heavy rail charges the coal will be brought to The mfain point that interests ratepayers, arid in many ways affects visitors, is that the undertaking has never been a tax on the rates. H has not only always been self-sfup-porting, but it has actually relieved the rates to the extent of x than £14,000. SYSTEM OF WORKING. Fresnes has developed a most advanced system of working its prisoners. The working day covers eleven hours, and the occupations are varied and lucrative. Tho earnings are divided between tho prisoner arid tho State, according to the number of terms tho prisoner has served. A first-term man gets four-tenths of his earnings', of which two-tenths can bo spent in the canteen. Tho remainder is held for him until term ends. The State takes the lining six-tenths, When a pris-comes back for a second term the State's share is seven-tenths. An additional tenth goes to the State in each succeeding term, and an old offender gets but one-tenth of his a the canteen the prisoner con buy almost anything ho desires, from articles of wardrobe to soap, at reasonable rates. Tobacco is about he only article barred. Wino--limit-d to a half-pint a day--^can be pur-■hased, as well as marmalade, cheese if all kinds, butter, and other lux-Whatever may be the ultimate effect of this prison and its modern thods, with its library of 5,000 lumes, and officers employed to read to prisoners who cannot read themselves, the Paris jailbird re- W7 ETC AT ADULTERATION, om accounts to hand from Ros-Taganrog, Nich.olaieff, and r grain-exporting centres in. h Russia, it is apparent that South Russian ports continue to oc-rny adulterators. A case has just en discovered at Taganrog, where Jewish exporter of a grain cargo __i London wiped out all Russian ahulteration records by the addition f 16 per cent, of sand, 7 per cent, if husk refuse, and 4 per cent. of filth. The Russian government's at-ion has repeatedly been called to the practices of these grain expor-s, but the adulterators know that the law stands the most that can happen to thom is that their trading license will be taken from them in the port of operation. NEW ZEALAND RAILWAYS. Nearly all the railroads in New Zealand* are owned and operated by the Government and pay to the j a net profit of about 3 per on the capital invested in them. The arrangement is satisfactory, for the. expense of travelling and 'shipping is kept down to the minimum, and so the people get some of the general benefit. The report of the Minister for'Railways for the fiscal year of 1908, ending March 31 last, shows that the total mileage now open for traffic is 2,291, an increase of fifty-six miles over the preceding year. The capital cost of those lines is about $95,-000.0O0. Tho gross income for the year was, in round numbers, $9,-850,000; the operating expenses were $6,700,000, and the net income was $3,150,000. AUSTRALIAN OFFICERS' PAY. The pay of officers in the now Australian Federal army will not be colonels, £650 WDEIA B0QUJ3 IS MASTER Some Captains of Vessels Make Their Dishonesty Pay Them Well. Captains of merchant vessels have a larger field than anyone else for the exercise of roguery, aral many of them do not fail to work the fiold to the fullest extent. The ways in which a skipper con build up a competency are numerous. First of all there is the iniquitous system of commissions, If the owners order the stores to be of a certain price and quality, the suppliers find it advisable to corecilato the captain, or there will be complaints. To compensate for this itlay, the supplier probably has to send in a part of tho stores of quality inferior to that agreed, or the exact quantity is not always given and this is winked at by the master. He has to sign for the goods or report on the quality, and there is ao complaint from him. skippers go farther. Fifty pounds' worth of stores are some-3 sent in, and tho master signs oucher for half as much again; irm pays, and half, or mora half the supplies goes into the skipper's pocket. surprising, too, to notice how quickly certain articles in the way cutlery arid linen will wear out, be lost or damaged. Tablecloths, ves and forks, and tho like, find, their way to tho homo of the captain. The wives and families of some captains have an abundant supply of provisions at the end of a voyage, which means that the sfkip-per has pinched the food supply at ROGUE'S ADVANTAGE. In those cases where shipowners i of r > the r for provisions, the dishonest commander will grind quality and quantity to the lowest point, thus adding to the banking account standing in his wife's name. The men may ■ grumble, but the skipper has the ear of the owner, and the "commcm sailor" has no chance. The mates have occasionally to be kept quiet, which deprives the chief of a small portion of his hard-earned pilferings, but that is only a small drawback. Not only the provisions, but also the ship itself and the cargo suffer at the. hands of theso men. Ropes and tatikla will be sold at a foreign' port, to the common danger; but the captain pockets the proceeds and accounts for the deficiency under the head of "dirty weather," Or some-ling of that nature. Again, repairs at foreign ports run up the expenses from time to time. BOLD BUCCANEERS. Some of the'depredations of skip-;rs, in connection with the cargo, ■e enough to take your breath away if you are not in the swim. it seems incredible that a captain could appropriate ten ingots of copper--yet this was ac-ally done. The information was ven by one of the men who helped carry them ashore at an Ameri-n port. This was one of the ,ses where the mates have to be tipped; they had £2 each for the helping, and the copper fetched £23. One skipper found it necessary to throw overboard no fewer than fifty bags of good Russian wheat during a storm; a sudden moderation of the gale saved the That ' xrgo i the same i loss; but it is of the cargo to lighten the vessel, ana there are losses as well as gains in all businesses. But the strange part of the affair was that those cost of the ly finished Half that i for . ' I>" •:• sea ca ri lege cost. I ho . new station when entire- I will be about £450,000. um wii4» be spent in the : sars. Up to last Ma.rch [ ation had spent £466, electric undertakings. will be read; ; in the rural dist.i-The teachers are fc the charity of relativ INGENIOUS SCHEME, e French railway companies issible article that a traveler Icely to have about him. Owinj e great number ef passengers i after Chri: the < to supply power next a Brighton will be able about 50,000 horse-power city. The present supply horse-power. Light and power win be Supplied not only in Brighton, but to the neighboring towns and villages. Brighton's price for elec- H begin m. Then to supply :if electri-is 10,000 city 3 the 1 i the f ceplions the lowest in the k It is only a fraction over 2}< average price for lighting as pared with gas is 2s, agains- ulh i sn found difl icles from the description w all that a passenger ha.i ;o point to the missing art lally A railway time-table--Tw utes for dinner. The thread of a love stor Everything comes to him who waits, but this doesn't include book.! that have been borrowed. A farmer has stopped taking his local paper. He wrote to tho editoi asking how to get rid of wasps. The soothing answer came in the nexi issue of the paper, "Kill them." HER LITTL E BROTHER. Mr. Masher--Can't puzzlo you with the alphabet, eh? mes after TV Bobbie--Why, U, and dad told Sis that pretty ter breakfast and dinner, too. i you'll be coming L How * i the^ suppos-her voyage. SEEMS TO PAY. The bags had been removed and hidden, in the anticipation of being able to dispose of them at the end of the next trip; but, to the dismay of- the skipper, the vessel was sent with ballast to a port where there was no chance of selling the ill-gotten goods. If the bags were permitted to remain in their place of concealment too long they might bo discovered, so they were thrown over the side at night. An "advance" on account to pay to men who desire to ge ashore at a port of call gives the dishonest master another opportunity of making a little by charging interest. It may be that the men are entitled to an allowance, and thus no interest can be charged but if the port be a foreign one, the captain does not and charge a high rate of exchange. "If I could get a master's birth," once said a mate who had held a captain's certificate, but had been unable to obtain the coveted position, "I would make enough in five years to turn up seafaring and re- 'ife meant it, and as he was "in it," he knew what he was talking about. Further, in support of his assertion, he mentioned a captain who, in a dozen years had acquired property to the value of four thousand pounds. This was more than his pay amounted to in the whole period, to say nothing of the fact that he had kept a family in good style all the time, • . ; WHAT MAMMA SwID. ly with the indigr The gentleman i