VICTIMS OF ASSASSINATION The Awful Affair at Belgrade Adds a Black Mark to a Long List ot Horrible Deeds. "Uneasy lies the head that, wears By sword, dagger, poison, bomb and revolver, scores 01 the world's rulers and leaders of men have been struck down by men in most cases greatly inferior to their victims, The trail of blood can be traced down the centuries from before the birth of Christ. Almost all countries have suffered by the hands of assassins, and even woman has not been spared. Ono who kills by surprise or secret assault;, one who treacherously ir,.'irdenj/any one unprepared for defence, fs looked down upon by the world as one of the meanest cowards and lowest of criminals, yet .royalty has not failed to descend to this means to bring about its ends, and royalty has suffered repeatedly at the hands of assassins. The terrible affair in Belgrade, Ser-via, recently, shocked the whole world, and it was the first of kind in the world's history. There is no parallel to it. Not only the king and queen killed, but the queen's brothers and the king's ministers were massacred. MURDER OF JULIUS CAESAR. What the world has generally re ognized as the most important a sassination was that of Julius Ca Bar, called Augustus Caesar, tl greatest Roman of them all, perhaps the greatest man of all the ancient world. His death and the events that followed changed the course oi •vents and marked an epoch in the history of mankind. The story is familiar to nearly all. Emfperor Caesar, of the Roman Em-pigg, had bitter personal Who plotted his downfall. There were, too, lovers of the old republit who desired to seo restored the liberties which Caesar had overthrown. The people got the idea that ho was trying to make himself king. Several times a crown was offered to him in public, but he thrust it ■side, although there is no doubt he secretly desired it. It was feared that he intended to make Troy or Alexandria the capital of the proposed kingdom, and therefore many, -because of love for Rome and for the old republic, entered a conspiracy to kill Caesar. The Ides of March, the fifteenth day, 44 years before Christ, tho day the Senate convened, witnessed the assassination. Seventy or eighty conspirators, headed by Brnitus and Cassius, both of whom had received special favors from Caesar, were among tho plotters. Caesar was warned by soothsayers, who haid some knowledge of the conspiracy, ar<d on his way to the Senate meeting a paper cautioning him Was thrust into his hand, but he did not read it. As soon as the Emperor had taken his seat the conspirators crowded about him, as though to present a petition. At a signal their daggers Were drawn. For a moment Caesar flefended himself, but seeing among the conspirators Brutus, a roan up-OTi whom he had lavished gifts and favtexrs, he exclaimed: Thou, too, Brutus," ."l^^ ished in the c the wound. ■•i"i"i"i"i"i":"i"i-i--i":-i •i-i-i-i-i-i ■i"i"> were injured. Calling out, "Help me," his Majesty fell. He wa en to the Winter Palace, and died during the afternoon. Five of the conspirators, including a woman, were publicly executed. THE MURDER OF JAMES I. The death of James I., of Scotland, was a spectacular event. He was to spend Christmas at Perth, Before he crossed the Forth he was warned by an old Highland woman that if he passed he would not return. She tried unsucessfully to get access to him again at the Dominican monastery at Perth, where he lodged. At midnight, when he wau half undressed, Oraham, who had been banished, came with surrounded the monastery. Tncir approach was heard, but it was found that the bolts had been removed by treachery. Jumes was hastily cealed in a vault underneath a ro Before the conspirators entered, brave attempt was made by Catherine Douglas, one of the queen's maids, to bar the door with her arm; but the fragile obstacle broke, and Graham burst in. Tho fall of another of the maids into the vault discovered the king, who fought fiercely for his life. The queen was wounded in trying of his assail-by numbers, the murderers exceeding usages of the the sad fate of the the best of the last, after falling ants, he fell. Within a month were executed in even tfce barbarous king who i Stuarts. It is noficeable how often the work of the assassins did not accomplish the real end sought. They succeeded in killing the person or persons obnoxious to them, but tho ideas, the plans of the victims, have not always died. Of tho great Caesor, dead, but the tyr- "Tho tyro anny still li A BLACK RECORD. The record of the last 1CM unparalleled in history, .atter of assassinations. In England, tho prime minister, ie Right Hon. Spencer Pereival, as shot while he was in the lobby of the house of commons by John Bellingham. In Paris the Due de Berri was murdered. He had spent a number of years in Edinburgh and Londi occupying his enforced exile with plans for the restoration of the French monarchy. He thought the signs wero favorable, and landed Cherbourg in 1814 and went ' i. The duke and duchess attend-the royal theatre one night. Shortly after the close of tho opera, The shah of Persia was shot while he was at the shrine of Shah Abdul/ Senor Canovas del Castillo, the most prominent public man in Spai was shot down at his wife's fe while he was reading a newspaper. Empress Elizabeth, of Austria, w assassinated by an Italian anarchist named Lucchen . King Humbert, of Italy, was killed at th^ town of Monza, near Milan, after distributing the prizes at a gymnastic carnival, by an anarchist Bresci. Queen Margherita cried: "It is the greatest crime of the century. Humbert was a good, faithful man. Nobody loved his peoplo more than he. He bore to anyone." i ill-will nearly every time, raising blisters or drawing blood. He made us hold her. Then he put a pair of cuffs on her (handcuifils) and tied a rope around her wrists and made me draw hor up so her feet would just touch the ground, and let her hang until dinner, two hours. It was over the limb of a tree. Just about dinner we lowered her down and she crawled over to some bushes. Turner told me to throw her s of bread. She said she could eat. Then Mr. Turner told mc throw the pone of bread to dogs. After dinner I was told go and tell her sho must gi work. She pulled the lid of her eye down and said she could not £ "She asked me if she could I told her I could not seo through her eye far. She then crawled behind the brush pile and laid down and never got up any more Allar Turner beat her over the head with a pistol again and she died. BEFORE THE GRAND JURY. This terrible recital of r.avagery was amplified by the testimon the same witnesses upon the sion of their appearance before the grand jury. There they told story in greater detail. Ti who is a mere boy of not more than 17 years, did not realize that the punishment which he had inflicted upon the woman was responsible father refusal to go to work. Ho said she was stubborn. That belief led him to assault her with his pistol when she was dying. He simply hastened the end by giving vent to his fury. Tho Turner plantation is in Tallapoosa County, about seven miles west of Dadeville. After his last assault young Turner ordered one of the negroes to go to tire woman and tell her sho must resume work at once. The negro found the woman's body back of the brush pile, where she had sought shelter. He returned to Turner and told him: "Boss, she's dead." Thereupon Tin ner commanded several of the m groes to take the body forthwith t the burial plot in the rear of th ttle negro church, some distance and bury It. . „. rude box or and Tallapoosa Counties. coffin. The burial took place at The revelations which the young! night, and only two negroes were District, Attorney will make to the present. The grand jury of Talla-Attomey-General will, if they have j poosa County was in session other effect, causo an immediate 1 time. Somebody contrived WOIDEB OF THE WOULD SLAVERY IN_THE DEFENCELESS NEGROES BEATEN TO DEATH. Where Colored Peons Are Confined in the Camps of Ala. The Federal grand jury, now in session in Montgomery, Alabama, has listened to revelations so debasing and shocking in connection witl its investigation of peonage in Coosa and Tallapoosa Counties that its members have determined to go tc the bottom of the whole wretched business. They are prepared to sit all mer if they are required to d and before they get through they propose to return indictments aginst every landowner, every county officer, and other person aginst whom there is reasonable proof of complicity in the widespread CONSPIRACY TO ENSLAVE hundreds of ignorant and helplc negroes. The Federal authorities in Montgomery who have conducted the investigation on peonago up to the present time are in receipt almost daily of letters from responsible white men in various' parts of, the State assuring them that the j from the plantati not confined to the Coosa! Somebody provided New Substance Completes What the Rontgen Rays Only Hinted at. broadening of tho investigation and the redoubling of the efforts of ev-,J£oaly. erybotly concerned to destroy peon- ~ hama upon /? ear--Thftl is 0 the duke escorted carriage, and he returned to tako part in a bal masquo that was A spectator sprang __ the sentinel and the footman who was closing the carriage door, and taking a strong hold on the duke, plunged a dagger to the hilt his face, and without resistance all their thrusts. Pierced with twenty-three irounde he ght t fell. Tire poet Dante relate fesi in the renter of the earth, in the bottom pit of hell. Lucffer hoLds in his three mouths the three greatest malefactors the world has ever seen--Bru-tus and Oassius, who betrayed their sovereign and their country. and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed his Master with a kiss. TERSISTENT ASSASSINS. Henry IV. of France had a busy life, for it is said that eighteen tempts were made to kill him, .eighteenth being successful. A knife ras plunged into his heart by Rav-Jdllac. Henry IV. was the Bourbons' greatest king, their noblest , He i leaving tho * Russi throwei rch. 1801 at the tin : the empire that peoph ociatc with plots, bomb-nd assassins. Her first was assassinated in i the 23d and 24th His r of his . plar :- Indi i with of thi Russia, on a< the spread of Nihilism and the attempts upon the Emperor's life, which at last were successful March 13, 1881. In the cities in which his despotic father had walked about fearless, without a single attendant tho mild and amiable Alexander was in daily peril. Danger lurkec everywhere. He rarely slept twice in thej in same bedroom, and dared to cat andlgn drink only when every precautions j inl had been taken that ingenuity could | J suggest. On April 16, 18(50, Kara- ] extraordin koaoff shot at the Emperor jporte in 1 to Servia. fire shortly The duko of Parma was done to death while walking in his city. He was so unpopular that no one sought The deaths of Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield and William Mc-Ki.nley in the United States are bo fresh in the minds of the peoplo and the stories are so well known that any extended mention is not necessary here. The republic was shocked from boundary to boundary by these terriblo crimes, and the criminals who committed them paid tho penalty with their lives. Princo Daniclo, of Montenegro, was fatally wounded by a political refu- gee : Catt lael, of Sorvia, was at-icked by three men armed with ro-alvers, and left dead near Belgrade, 10 scene of the latest assassinations. Marshal Prim, of Spain, was waylaid in Madrid. Tho progress of his carriage was stopped by two cabs pre-arrangement, several men alighted and fired into his carriage. bullets went into his left shoulder and he died Crimes that wouW disgrace :ain the darkest pages of the tory of slavery have been committed under circumstances that render them all the more aggravating justice cannot be meted e men who are guiVVr. Dis-Attorncy Reese has in his possession evidence of a murder so brutal and revolting that it requii all of one's credulity to believe shocking details. You cannot cc vict a white mam in Alabama the testimony of black especially true where the victim of the crime is black. The men who are pressing this investigation, themselves native Alabamans, sharing to some extent at least the prejudices of the region against black testimony, are unanimous in their belief that precedent and tradition ought to be set aside. COVERED BY AFFIDAVITS. It is a case covered by affidavits made under oath to the United States District Attorney, supported by a large volume of evidence given to the grand Jury, also under oath. Thore is no doubt about the facts. Elvery affidavit thus far obtained Jells a story of brutal and inhuman conduct on the part of tho man who maintained peons. No vie permitted to escape their clutches without having been submitted barbarities too shocking almost believe. No distinction between the sexes was made by the men guilty of the crimes which have been dis- Men and women and girls and boys were alike shackled and handcuffed, beaten with buggy traces and gin straps, and not infrequently lac-sratcd by the hounds which the lave drivers keep upon their prem-ses for the purpose of preventing escapes from chain gangs. One negro who appeared before the grand jury exhibited his legs, which arred from tho thighs to tho They had once been torn end gled by dogs sent in pursuit of him when he endeavored nvestigate the death of Sarah i his forty-eight Lord Mayo, governor India, was stabbed by while leaving the Andan settlement after a tour ■general of Petersburg. Ir . following year another was made by a Pole, Bei koivski, wlille Alexander was at Paris, on a visit to Napoleon III. April 14, 1879, Soloviofl shot at him. blow up the Winter Palace, aid to wreck the train by which the Czar Was traveling from Moscow to St. """Petersburg. But, despite all precautions, death came to him on March 13, 1881. .He was driving along a canal in St. Petersburg, When a bomb was thrown at him, * anid did no more damage than injuring the carriage. The Czar alighted and walked toward the pla where the police held the culprit A second bomb was thrown by an accomplice, with deadly effect. It shattered tho Emperor's legs and the lower part of" his body. The man who threw It and a chiM in the tfowd wero killed. Many spectators inspec- jr tho enthronement of Han of Turkey, it tho previous ruler, Ab-boen found dead, lying iood in the palace. J~" :- sent five years later rvitude for tho crin Mehemot Ali Pash^ doner of tl credited wit • the IBs house _ ifter his arrival in Jak-September 7, 1878. Twenty of his escort wero killed. He secured temporary refuge, but his hiding place was discovered and he was butchered. Lord Cavendish, chief secretary for Ireland, and Thomas H. Burke, under secretary, were stabbed to death in Phoenix Park, Dublin, by four President Carnot, of France, was being driven to a performance at the Grand theatre, Lyons, when he fell back in his carriage. It was learned that a man had stabbed him in the region of the liver. The criminal, Santo, an Italian, ran to-d the president's carriage, hold-a large bouquet, from which he v a poinard while he stood on the carriage step. GIVEN ONE HUNDRED BLOWS. Another negro exhibited his back. It likewise was torn and mangled. He had been beaten into insensibility with a gin strap to the ond of which was fastened a cartridge shell. Before the terrible punishment was administered the bruto who wielded the strap ordered negro to count the blows. He c ed 13; then he became He thought he was dying. Other negroes who were present and saw the punishment have sworn under oath that 100 blows were laii acros the victim's bare back and le^gs. For weeks thereafter he was a mass of bruises and lacerated wounds. Still another negro exhibited to the jury a deformed shoulder. His clavicle had been broken with a club. His back, too, bore irremovable traces of application of the gin strap and buggy trace. SARAH NEALY'S FATE. These disclosures became mere commonplaces by contrast with tho terrible fate of Sarah Nealy. This is the story reduced to a plain affidavit, signed by half a dozen negroes who witnessed the shocking murder of this unfortunate creature: "I was at Mr. Turner's place. She came on Monday and stayed Tuesday. She came down ti Fletcher Turner's. We were in new ground. She could not pile brush like he wanted her to, and he took her down, dropped her clothes, and placed her across a log. I held her feet and another negro held her by tho head. Mr. Allen Turner whipped her' with a buggy trace 100 lashes. He would hit her a lick and then another^ in the same place KRUGER IN SECLUSION. Living the Life of a Recluse at Ment one. It is no easy task to gain admittance to the Villa Gena, where President Kruger is passing the spring at Mentone, writes a correspondent. A policeman is told off to try and keep away the crowd of snap-shot-ters vxio congregate before the gates ef the villa every morning between 11 and 12 in the hope of getting a shot at the president as he enters the houso from tho garden where he has spent the morning. No bell is nor any handles to the gates which give access to the villa. The policeman is friendly but dis-juraging. Ho suggests that perhaps Dr. Huysman, Mr. Kruger's physician, who lives hard by at the Villa Rosa, may be inclined to give information, but Dr. Huysman is away for tho day, and his wife is .nyiifct^. Fortunately at this moment young Eloff, the president's grandson, is returning home, and, as ho opens tho main gate by a hidden latch on the further side, the reporter is able to go in with him and ring the boll. The Boor who opened the door--the president's body servant--would oppose entry at all cost," but the appearance of Mr. Bok, the secretary, soon put things on a better footing. He stated, however, that Mr. Kruger had laid down a hard and fast rule that he would receive no ono and make no statement whatever to any pross man, and that what he had so consistently refused the whole winter could not be granted now. Mr. Bok, however,- showed every evidence of friendly feeling to the repoi and ushered him into a study ph ly furnished, of which the most ticeable article was a huge Boer trunk, in shape and size resembling 'The only person," he said, "that the preside capacity was the mayor o " Granet, the pre Alpes Maritimes, was not received when he called." At this moment Mr. Kruger ei od the villa from the garden into tho dining room for lunch, acknowledging with a bow the greetings offered to dressed in a somewhat smart frock with black trousers, with the familiar stovepipe hat surrounded dth heavy crape. Though he was somewhat bent and walked with a stick, the president looked in good health and by n means decrepit. Mr. Bok asked hi: whether he would comply with tl request he had received from the re-md returned porter for a that Mr. Kr iting a dofin should be forwarded as to future plar d that far, and when >uld put reply, which rt day. Ask-the secretary had been made so ggested that South Africa might possible, he said: "Ah, but the difficulty is that tho president could not there as a private person." "Gentlemen of the jury," said the eloquent K. C. "I leave the rest to you. You are Englishmen. Yon come of a valorous race. As mer you would scorn to insult a woman --scorn to ill-treat one--scorn to say aught that is unmanly or unbecoming to a member of the weaker sex--'" "And only this morning," interrupted a Shrill voice from the gallery, "that faian called me a meddling old cat.'f it Was the K. C.'s wife. He lost bis case. The world's foremost searchers after the ultimate secrets of the universe have at length committed thenyselves to the stupendous theory, for some time foreshadowed and now apparently substantiated by study, of the new substance, radium, says a recent London letter. Crookos, tho other day in Berlin, and Lodge and Curie, last week ir London, have confidently proclaimed that it is easy to define this great revolution in science in sc ly more than a sentence, bu comprehend it is almost as far yond the power of the human mind as the idea of eternity or infinite ^he old theory that the atoms of elements consist of individual units of matter now is definitely discard-Instead, we now are told that each atom is a whole stellar system of infinitely smaller but absolutely identical units, all in a regular orbital motion hydrogen. An atom consists of 700 such units or ion; The nature or identity of each sul s depends upon the number c ons contained in each aton 11,200 ions in each atom pre duce what wo know as oxygen, 37, 200 of the same ions if confined in a single atom would yield i regard as gold. The n those ions is, for want of a better word, electrical. In other words, electricity and matter aro one and 3 thing. HINTED AT BY RONTGEN RAYS. This theory has been more or lesa familiar to scientific men for two or three years, but it has been un demonstrable until recently. Whut Rontgen Rays suggested now radium seems to furnish complete. Prof. Curie's examination of radium and other phenomena loads Prof. Lodge and his associates to believe that matter is not stable in its atoms, as heretofore supposed. Everybody is familiar with the disintegration of matter, which means a rearrangement or recombination of the elements. Thus water may be separated into oxygon and hydrogen,, but it never before was imagined that the atoms themselves were capable of disintegration. Prof. Lodge suggests that this is a notable process of nature, yet it is p.ror-eeding at a rate so slow that it baffles the powers of conception of the human mind to estimate the length, of time required. In radium alone it proceeds so rapidly that the phenomena is easily observed. PROF. CURLE'S EXPERIMENTS. Prof. Curie, the discoverer of radium, in some wonderful experiments at the Royal Institution showed that radium spontaneously id continuously disengaged heat rapidly that it affected photographic plates, even through opaque bodies. It discharged electroscope hem merely brought in its vicinity and gave off emanations similar to tself in constant, even violent, streams of radiatione. In other words, the 150,000 ions, which composed each atom of radium, rotated 'olently that they flew apart original units. It has been calculated, however, that this efflux from radium is so definitely small that a square inch of surface, would ly one grain in 10,000,000.-000,000 years. Prof. Lodge surmises that this process of disintegration of atoms may constitute tho volution of the chemical elements The lecturer announced that with-l a few weeks Prof. Rutherford had observed the breakup of the most atoms. He found that a me of a radio-active sub-seemed to reach a critical stage, at which they flung away small portions of themselves with great violence, the residue having property of unstability for ,e until ultimately it -tied down into a presumably forent substance. Changes of this seem to require millions of millii of centuries--so long, in fact, that the longest periods in astronomical evolution seem but hours ir LAW OF CHANGES. CATS MYERSES DAYLIGHT UNDERGROUND FELINES FED BY THE GOVERNMENT. A Big Colony is Located in tha Vast Granaries at Val-etta, in Malta. The recent alterations to the Savoy Hotel, in the Strand, have resulted among other things jr. calling ntion to a remarkable colony of i-wild cats, that has long flourished in the vaults beneath the building. Their ancestors are supposed to have been a pair abandoned by the workmen when the hotel was being built. As their progeny increased in numbers, they* took up their abode in the blackest and least accessible vaults beneath the lowest basement. Whence they emerged only at night. They are extraordinary cats; black and white as to color, with enormous heads; and many of them are nearly eighteen inches tall, and fully three feet in length from tip of the tail to the snout. Similar semi-wild cat colonies exist elsewhere. In Naples, for instance, is a race of nocturnal felines that breed in the vaults beneath the churches. They aro regularly fed by tho authorities, but not too bountifully, for they exist to keep down, so far as possible, tho -hdrdes of mice which infest alh,old Neapolitan buildings. During the daytime they are invariably invisible. But at dusk they leave their lairs, and at the evening services they may frequently be seen walking unconcernedly among the worshippers, or perched, gravely Immobile, upon high al- It Is a fact not generally known, by the way, that somo hundreds of cat colonies aro kept by the British Government. Tho animals receive a regular subsistence allowance, which figures each year in the estimates, and the largo majority of them spend almost entirely underground. THE BIGGEST COLONY of the kind is located in the vast subterranean granaries which have been excavated from tho living rock just outside the city of Valotta, in Malta. Here aro stored grain and other provisions sufficient to maintain the entire population of tho island during a period of seven years: ite a little army of cats is constantly employed in waging wm against the rats and mice that Id, if thoy wero freo from moles-on, play sad havoc. Like the> Savoy cats mentioned above, these Maltese pussies have, in the course of years, developed into a special breed, very fierce and of great size, being probably that. he invariable under such ci weaklings have been they aro engaged tie. law which de-of the , the nually kill-with whom perpetual bat- larlly c Prof. Lodge affirms, however, that these changes seem according to fixed state of llujx and decay is recognized not only in tho stars and planet! but iu the foundation stones of the universe. The elemental atormi themselves are in process of regeneration. It is impossible to imagine what would occur if the separate ions ever aggregated themselves to get her by their mutual attraction! into fresh material. The progress of the research may lead to the discovery of the existence of atoms, some recently formed and otlC"* <ui- It will seen the whole theory in effort is an astronomical one. One is led to wonder, then, if the earth and the other planets are not mere ions forming a single atom of the higher universe -- where, perhaps, they constitute the speck of dust •ies tho careful housewife thn . aboi At all learly are on the verge of the greatest revelations of science yet vouchsafed to mankind--a knowledge so gigantic that it is only limited by the capacity of the human mind to receive it. Peoplo of the United Kingdom pay annually 20 millions sterling in life insurance premiums. Only a loving mother can weep bitter tears over a lost child, and then wield the slipper energetically To fiinish the moment, to find the journey's end in every step of the road, to live the greatest number of good hours, is wisdom. In England cats ployed by the postoffico authorities for the protection of mall-bags, a being granted for their main-ice from the public purso. The actual number of animals required in this connection depends, it may noted, not so much upon the lount of property to be protected upon the age of the buildings. AT THE TOWER OF LONDON, o, the ordnance department finds necessary to employ a considerable t ever varying number for the protection of the large quantities of military stores deposited thore from time to time. Their subsistence constitutes a standing charge upon the War Office. A carefully tabulated statement, made out by the officer in charge, is prepared each week of all moneys expended on their behalf, and is, after having been solemnly initialed and countersigned by this high functionary and by that, forwarded to the District Pay Office for settlement. m Dock companies regularly employ underground cats in considerably, numbers, as do also all railway companies, breweries, shipping and storing houses, mills, and factories. Occasionally somo firm or other will try to substitute traps, or poison, but in the end they are generally only too glad to revert to tho pus- "You see," remarked to tha wrltai one day recently the foreman of on« of London's biggest Hour milts, "it is not so much the vermin the cata kill as the vermin the cats frighten away. Given plenty of cats of tha right sort, and neither rats nor mica need be very greatly foared Without them they will play havoc." Tho truth of this dictum was con. clusively proved some little tim« back by the Midland Railway Company. They placed about 8(.&l400 empty corn sacks in ono of ykeir storage depots during the slack reason, and gave eight cata the run of the vaults, feeding them regularly once a day to keep them from straying, but otherwise compelling tbem to forage. In an adjoining store-houso W5S9 placed a similar tale of bags, but acguarded, save for a number of patent traps. and sundry a like nature. Tho former were found intact when the time camo to take them into use again; while over thirty per cent, of the Jitter were so badly torn and gsfewed as to be entirely useless.--Pearson's weakly. ADVICE TO A MAN IN LOVE. Agree with tho girl's father Jsa politics and with her mother fci religiori. If you have a rival keep an qya on him; ip he is a new-made artdower, keep two eyes on him. Don't put too much sentimosi on paper. Go home not later C&axi 10.£.«•. Don't wait until a girl has to tbrew her whole soul into a yawn, wfeicfe she can't cover with both hand,* kiss her. She. * kindness if you t hand,*, the