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2 THE COLBORNE EXPRESS, COLBORNE. ONT., THURSDAY, DEC. 15, 1921. would differ very considerably from the actual standard of the breed in the «ons United States, which their special and peculiar catering to the fat, lard market. Useful Poultry Litter. We once had an earth floor poultry house that was a little too low and inclined to be damp. There was no time to raise the level by hauling sand so we covered the floor with loose corn fodder to a depth of about six inches. Over the fodder we placed straw. The tough fodder formed a good foundation for the lighter straw litter. During the winter fresh straw was occasionally added as the old litter became packed down. The hens in the house were thrifty and laid very This is not as good as a cement Address communication* to AQronemlst. 73 Adelaide St West, Toronto Our Own Type Berkshires. It has been claimed that a tendency to lengthening side is noticeable in the Berkshire breed in Canada within the last few years. Commenting on the bacon class awards at the Canadian National Exhibition, an agricultural writer states that the Berkshire '*has shown very satisfactory improvement in the past few years, the heavy shoulder and ham giving way to smoother quarters with increased length between, making them more suitable for the production of Wiltshire sides," The comment brings right into the forefront the difficulty which many farmers face in the Berkshire breed. They scarcely understand sufficiently that the breed lends itself to two types, almost opposite in character. "In the United States," says Professor G. E. Day in his work, "Productive Swine Husbaixlry," "it is only natural to expect them to conform to the fat or lard type and some breeders have gone rather to the extreme In breeding for fine bone, smoothness and quality and neglecting size and fecundity. In Canada the tendency is to select for a lengthy, strong-boned type, which looks somewhat coarse and leggy when compared with the extremely fine type, but which is a first class farmer's hog. The demand for the bacon type in Canada and competition with the bacon breeds haive had an influence in bringing about this modification. The Berkshire is better suited for supplying the market demand for fat hogs than it is for producing bacon hogs. Where backs, shoulders and hams are the main requirements the Berkshire fits in exceptionally well, but for the port bacon trade in Wiltshire sides it has scarcely enough length of side and has too heavy a neck and shoulders. The fat type of Berkshire is utterly unfitted for the Dominion bacon trade, which depends so largely for its outlet in Oreat Britain. This warning about choosing the proper type within the Berkshire breed is probably most applicable to the Canadian West where the breed has attained popularity because it does not "scald-" under prairie heat. Even within this sub-division of the breed producers should pay strict attention to getting the right conformation. It is the m common experience of buyers to-day that, as Professor Day has stated it in general, there is "scarcely enough length of side and too heavy a neck and shoulders." It may be with the growing demand -lar bacon breeds, that it would be ad- Holiday Cakes from Scotland, England and Mexico. By NELLIE RYDER GATES. When the holiday season comes around housewives all over Christen- of life triumphant over death and therefore perennial life ir. the renewal of each bounteous year. With hardly an exception, every European country has some myth or legend connected with the use of greens. With such a wealth of legen-dom^don their aprons and go into the;dary lore behind the custom, it is not surprising that a bit of green has kitchen to bake cakes after their favorite recipes. For variety's sake visable for the Canadian Berkshire; it would be very interesting this Breeders' Association to draw up what Christmas for us to try some of the ight be termed the requirements of. tried andtruerecipes of our sister _ distinctly Canadian-bred Berkshire. | cooks on the other side of the world. This might differ from the standard! E^land and Scotland are famous . 5 . ______vi_ ;f for thenr shortbreads. Legend tells brought into Scotland by the outcome of Queen Mary from one of her visits to France. The French name for them is petits gateaux tailes, but as hear as the rough Scotch tongue could come to this was "petticoat tails," and petticoat tails they have been ever since. At Christmas and New Year's they are made into round cakes and decorated with mottoes which are put on with little candies, candied fruit peels or icing forced through a tube. "Petticoat Tails" One of the most popular recipe^ calls for a pound of flour sifted wittr: a teaspoonful of baking powder and | weeks, half a teaspoonful of salt. Three-fourths of a cupful of sugar and a cupful of butter are creamed together very carefully, then worked into the THE SUNDAY SCHOOL DECEMBER IS to be looked upon as an essential part of the Christmas program. Therefore, the homeliest and humblest of gifts are dressed up with spoils from the woods or garden. In addition to the spruce or fir trees, pines of various sorts, juniper, cedar and hemlocks and ground pine are all used, as well as such berries as holly, bittersweet, wintergreen, bayberries and mistletoe. Boxes or packages look very "Christmassy" with a spray of berries thrust through the ribbon or string with which they are tied. If berries are lacking, a small spray of spruce, pine or hemlock can be used with good effect. A pretty table decoratic ing a miniature landscape _wifch clumps of n Arranged 11 represent-lan be made , tiny trees and . a shallow tray be dampened and kept fresh for board boor, but worked out all right "our. When the dough is smooth and earth floor where an unusual depth of litter was needed to build it up. Shaw is the best litter we have ever used. About six inches can be placed on the floor in the fall. The hens gradually break it up and pack it down. A titter that is not replenished becomes almost as hard as a floor and the scratch grain is not hidden. The purpose of litter is to make birds exercise by scratching. So new litter must be placed on the old to furnish that loose top layer that easily hides the grain. When litter becomes damp and tough it must be removed. The broken hay from a clover hul-ler sometimes can be used for scratching litter. Dry leaves are useful in small poultry houses if an abundance of leaves can be obtained near at hand. The leaves break up very easily and are not as good as wheat or oat straw. Shredded corn fodder is also used for litter. It absorbs moisture and does not break up easily, thus lasting a long time. On poultry farms Where only corn is raised, the use of shredded fodder saves the purchase of straw. If straw must be purchased for the poultry flocks and storage room is limited, it pays to buy baled straw. This saves time in replenishing the straw litter in the laying houses. In some sections poor grades of hay can be used for poultry litter. We find that the important point is to have a mixture that is dry and clean and hides the grain. The material produced at home is often the cheapest and in place of sjtraw the otker materials well mixed it is divided into two round cakes, pinched around the edges with the fingers, perforated with a fork and baked in a moderately hot oven till done. It is served whole and broken up with the fingers into pieces. Gingerbread Cakes. Hard gingerbread is used for Christmas cakes in many countries. A good English recipe says to sift together four cupfuls- of flour,. one of sugar, a tablespoonful of ginger and a teaspoonful of salt. Rub in a half pound of butter and just enough molasses to bind them all together. Let it stand overnight, in a cold place, and the next day roll Very thin, cut in fancy shapes and bake. "Azucarillo." The Mexicans make a delicious little cake they call azucarillo. They cream together a quarter of a cupful of butter and half a cupful of powdered sugar. Into this pour gradually a fourth of a cupful of milk. Stir in a scant cupful of flour, flavor with vanilla, and spread very thinly on the bottom of a baking pan. Sprinkle with chopped blanched almonds, crease into squares and bake a delicate brown. When done cut apart and roll up into little rolls. Dress Up Christmas Gifts With a Bit of Green. Christmas Dont's. ■Don't leave the cost-mark on presents. Don't let money dominate your Christmas giving. Don't let Christmas giving deteriorate into a trade. Don't embarrass yourself by giving more than you can afford. Don't try to pay debts or return obligations in your Christmas giving. Don't give trashy things. Many an attic could tell strange stories about Christmas presents. Don't make presents which your Paul's Last Words, 2 Tim. 4: 6-18. Golden Text---2 Tim. 4: 7 (Rev. Ver.) |-,ap;.n.-.s ; Tychicus; the to the Ephe-22) and th* Lessen Setting -Tradition .-ays that to ret Paul was acquitted at the first im- beare prisonmer.t of two vears described in si-ans Acts 28, and visited Spain (see Rom. Colo* 15: 28). From Spain the apostle seems cloak . . . left at Troas; wh to have gone to the east, visiting Cor-i way irJth and Melit ;« (2 Tim. 4: 20), Troas 3). and Macedonia (1 Tim. 1: 3, etc.),'Paul Ep-hr-its (2 Tim. 4: 13), and Crete dungec-. (Titus 1:6). After leaving Crete, he ; be th* decided to spend the winter at Nico-' narv purposes, specially the parch-polls (Titus 3: 12). Of the eight places ■ meiits; the more cistry skins contain-bearing this name. Hastings' Bible ing likely porticn.- of the Scriptures Dictionary decides for the one on the ' in Hebrew. Not even the near an-west, coast of Achaia as the plf.t >, proach of death turned the appetite chosen by Paul as his residence for away from th? -curies vhich he lov-sd. the winter, while Dr. David Smith j Vs. 14, 15. Alexandria the copper-thinks that the Nicopolis in question smith; probeb!v the Alexandria cf 1 was in Syria-Cilicia. He was again. Tim. 1: 20 and' possibly Acts 19: 33. arrested, and after a second imprison- 34. Did me much evil; injuring the ment at Rome, suffered snarly rd< apostle in deed* *> we!? a* wards. Th* A.D. 68. The First Eo-istle to Tim- Lord reward him. It is the Lord's othy and the Epistle to Titus were business to punish, no; the apes-tie's, written during the interval between Be thou ware also. It may be inferred the first and second imprisonments, that Alexander was in Timothy's the former probably from Macedon » neighborhood. Greatly withstood our to Ephesus, where Timothy was labor- words; .-.traugel? i;ipe*rod the doc-ing, the latter from some unknown! tr'ines taught by Paul ami also bv all place, when Paul had decided to win-: Christians. ter at Nfcopolis. The second Epistle j Iy PauVs Confiilpnce> )6.,8. fill give fair satisfactioi To-day I asked one of my friends why he was so strong for the incubator as a help in poultry raising. His argument is so plain that it will bear repetition. He sayo, "I haven' thing against the old hen as a chick hatcher and raiser, except that sh< doesn't want to sit when I want her to, and the chicks she raises usually come pretty high." The line of reasoning runs thing like this: This particular farm-re keeps a flock of about 150 hens each year and, by the way, this is the ber in the average farm flock in this section. He culls each fall until he has about sixty old hens to use for breeders, while he plans on raising ninety pullets each winter layers. With his White Leghorns, it takes about six months to get them matured enough to lay, which means that if they are to start laying in early winter, they must be hatched by the middle of April. Timothy was written during the, second imprisonment at Rome. The' V. 16. At my first answer; the ore-three Epistles are filled With ad vie* d-minary hives cigal-.or. before the En-concerning the way the young min-:P*ror or his representative, through isters, Timothy and'Titus, should cot1.-, which Paul had aires iy passer!. No duct the affairs of their congregations.! one took my part (Rev. Ver.). Ther* Hence, along with Timothy, they am was no or.e to speak for Paul as his called the Pastoral Epistles. 'advocate. All . . forsook me; as the T PmI'. fnndlrf c i ;d;scip'es fo-'sook ther Master, Mark v a £ P*U , v » ' „ SH: 50 -V>< le be laid .o their charge. V. 6. Ready to be offered (Rev. Ve-. ■ Compare Stephen'* prayers for his "already being offered"). I am being enemies (Acts 7: «0). of whom Pair poured out as a drink offering. The nai9 been ore. reference is to the drink offering of: \r 17 'i 1,., r.,j rriirian atmwi w;.*ti friends will not know what to do with, wjne which among the Jews frequer, ' me ' He did nt' fa* when aMothe** and which would merely encumber the ly accompanied sacrifices (see Num.' fniM SI re lgtli- >«-<l • •'•ceoroir;' ' home. |15: 5; 28: 7). (Compare Phi!. 2: 17 . the'promts- c> 2 . " "- ■ V Y'reaciiin* Don't give because others expectI Departure (See Phil. 1: 23.) Toe . . fuIIy kmuvn. Ail present at you to. Give because you love to.' H 9 *«!cen £Mr a *hlP 1 Paul's trial wot Id t;e«r he gospel, and you cannot send your heart with the1* loosing the cables and weigr- what happened in Rom, woaM'bewrne rift keen the e-ift : ing the anchor. So Paul looks across kr.,.v„ throughout Eh« world. I was Wt wait u.ftil the last minute to'?1? na?0W E" °f ***** to the bhs" «W*ered. At the "fir,. „r,wcr" Paul Don t wait until the last minute to fui ^ 0f heaven. was not condemned i„t the decisic* buy your presents, and then, for Jack,. v ? Foaght a good fight Compat 3 was postponed. The lion. The mean of time to make proper selections, 3 Tim. 6: 12.. The image may be from ir.g m«v be that 1 - - - -ace! being give what your better judgment con- the Greek games, and if so, it refers thrown to the lions of the Roman demns. to the mimic contests of war between amphitheatre, ih? >,,■■> form of Don't give too bulky articles to co-mbafe.nta. Finished my course; the martyrdom '1 . •• .. -arly Chris-people who live in small quarters, u»-!foot race which was a leading feature tlans suffered. less you know that they need the par- 'n..?h* K|Pt *h? taii*}-> the V. 18. Unto his heavenly kingdom t;™io,. ,„j tw, !faltn ln the Son of G(xi hy which he Pau is confidet t.cular things you send them. _ . | ha<J ^ save<J and fa wh.fh hp had death Don t decide to abstain from giving lived {we Gal 2. 20). The tm h.r.g power of his foes just because you cannot afford ex- which had meant so much for himself dont, The apost pensive presents. The thoughtfulness he had kept, as a sacred "deposit" (1 headed at Rome b of your gift, the interest you take in Tim. 6: 20, Rev. Ver. Margin) to be A.D. (>'8. those to whom you give, are the prin- i handed on to others, eipal things, the intrinsic value ofj II. Paul's Crown, 8. your gift counts very little j v g The crown Don't give things because they are (Rev. vCr.); either the crown that con cheap and make a big show for the s;sts m the possession of righteoa? money. As a rule it is a dangerous ness like the "crown of life" (.Tame "ing to pick up a lot of all sorts of 1: 12; Rev .2: 10), or, more probably at bargain sales for Christmas bhl ,r «'» with whi h . ?h ?ou,snes ^- K you do, there is. alwys <™»r ^ri;;h maik*> recii-iont, ,1 «e..ig oneiyu ano t« ptation t, make inappropriate "*'ucnus ,n Go<l s e n^,t »»rLa*.on.« at hand. God's M out of the ;er the king- Application. In his last words St. Paul had something to say in reference to the present, past and future. As to the present he is face to face with death, and is able without a tremor to look into the dark countenance of that 1 shadow feared of r Many legends surround the use of evergreens at Christmas time. Winfrid, after hewing a huge oak which bad been the object, of dru! worship, saw behind the faller1 oat",™j™an<n to maKe inappropriate co„Vjudge;"so" diffei-en- Wom"th^«V.. "As tc the nasi h unharmed, a young fir tree pointing a. gifts. Besides, there is usually some rig.nteouS Roman Emperor befor» «^/sfied. green spire toward the stars. Turning,;defect in bargain articles, or they are wn«m raul was bo soon to stand. That As to the futtir Maritime Provinces 201, and British1 he spoke to the people: j out of style, out of date, or there is day; the day of judgment. All . . . "wistful perhaps"' Columbia 162. What is known as the j "This little tree, young child of the some other reason why they are sold that love his appearing; all who look tears. "Henceforth there Car-lot Policy was adopted by the! forest, shall be your holy tree to-night, branch in 1916. Under the terms I It is the word of peace, for your 1 expense s built of the It is the the reasonable transportati es insurred by farmers residing in! sign of an endless life, for its loavo3 Canada who purchase stock at central | are ever green. See how it points to stock yards for return to country j heaven. Let this be called the tree: ints, are met. Under this policy1 of the Christmas Child. Gather about little while and then there under price. farmers in eastern Canada are entitled! it, not in the wildwood, but in your; rub; the to ship from stock yards to country! own homes. There it will shelter no' prorlain points female breeding stock--cattle, j deeds of blood, but loving gifts and : feeling forward to the appearing of iThrist. for --»--. 1 If we long for Christ's return we which the Lord, Good-bye, old cow, we boarded you'!,nai! P?*^.*" Thu/ Pau" "H:"',6 8' for manv a thankless dav we W though standing on the verge of death, several things : ror many a t. iatikie„s raj, ne kept gees victory awaiting him, the object his certain tun-., you warm and fed you, and yet you of Ws Iife is gain<lfl and he rei(>;<.e< (a) "The dawould not pay. You fooled us for a to think of all those who, along with lia.rk-" . His eyi the himself, and.so many of them through hv'ei night to I of "My jcorda here his efforts, will crub." We' the 5 vividly a sheep, or hogs--without payment of rites of kind: freight, provided the animals are nof^ The purchased for speculative purposes. In western Canada the policy includes stocker and feeder cattle as well. The policy came in force regarding the western stock yards in 1916, and as regards the eastern yards in 1918. Altogether, in the four years and three months involved, the expenses have be*fc|iet of the shipment of 74,744 iM^pfc7,776 . heifers, and 26,910 A third policy in force is the loaning of pure-bred rams and boars and the payment of premiums for the use of such stock. This system hai explained as be-1 mother he ancient Egyptian! We're glad t he houses at the' tear is in oui ter solstice, with j all our can te palm, the symbol good-bye. 1, 9-15. 1 by ep? The Welfare of the Home The Outgoing and Homecoming of^]|^CJj^ld BY NELI< watch pigeons them^Vouldr.'t Did you cu. about the pigeon house, and listen to in insect life Has past records show him that he; couraged many farmers throughout; their ,-ooing before they settled down' to-ry of the butt; illy or of the ar.r, with {]„ must set five eggs for each pullet; the Dominion to purchase pure-bred for the night? The flying in and out,! its almost human arrangement of by raised. Some eggs will be infertile,| animals. Up to the end of 1920, 506i of the pigeons suggests "the glad outrj-.home and work? Wouldn't he find ~ III. Paul's Com| imised Vs. 9-13. Do thy diligence; make sn tharevoiVinV cow. earnest effort. To come shortly. The-t seen amid the ju; no pathetic words reflect the loneliness of Gate. The es = ill for Paul in his Roman dungeon. Demas be gorgeous si "■rub hath forsaken me. Demas is mention- society of just ',ed in Cel. 4: 13 and Philemon 24. He perfect, but tl 'was apparently a native of Thessalon- Christ. ---- ica. Having loved this present world. (c). "The cr ! He those earthly wealth or ease rather A crown wove : than the "crown of righteousness." v. for those who i 8. Crescens, Titus. No blame is laid perfectly right on these for their absence. But the tis not be like j apostle was the lonelier for their go- grim's Progre: ■ing. Luke; the beloved physician and way tut downv historian. He would feel that of all rake in his h?t I men, his place was with the apost1.-' with a ce'e-stit ,„.- -- ted'w!l&se en<Lw=8 so Take Mark; which he proff. X 1-.'.f to whom Paul was now fully recon- rake; but the n the life his- ci:&d an.d who had (Col_ 4. 10); before ,,e?ard but ] lpktely ju-tifiedthe risk run straws. k«» 1 chance the floor of t Chicks will die. and half of the young ram3 and 92 boars had been ddstribut-Stuff wUl be cockerels. He must set ed and 622 premiums paid. In con-450 eggs to make sure of getting, nection with this policy demonstra-ninety pullets, and these must be set: tions are held in sheep husbandry fhe last week in March. If each hen methods. In future, the policy will .were to sit on fifteen eggs, this means j apply only to soldier settlers, to new that thirty hens would be required to; settlements, or to districts where fil-cubato the 450 eggs; and bearing in1 sheep and swine improvement is s mind that there are only sixty hens! pressing need. & the flock, it is very unlkely' thatj _o_ 4 half of them would want to sit by. The loneliness of the country wo- ; March 20. In fact, so unlikely that( man ten miles from a railroad is no-B never has been so. | thing compared to that of city dwel- t In his case, the artificial hen is the; fers too proud to make friends with JMUy one that will incubate the mum-; their neighbors. »*r of eggs he wants to set and bring! "- ttiem off in time to give the chicks j Hen health can almost be food growth during the summer. And; by providing living quarters that are tikis is entirely aside from the fact | dry and well ventilated but free from :#iAt the incubator gives him chicks; drafts, food that is clean and suffi-&£ uniform age. In his particular 1 dent to maintain bodily vigor and pro- fcase, the mcubator makes it possible! duce eggs besides, and exercise to far him to maintain a high-producing create flock and continue it in production jCrom year to year. Live Stock Betterment. 1 appetite. going,--sweet homecoming" of child-: 1 hood, around the mother's knee. Froe-; km bel recognized in this scene a symbolj bugs of life, a lesson for us, as mothersj plants, which we cannot study too faithfull^j^Jouldn' tgoing" and the "hi world of meaning you send your childl-after hi out each day, to school or to play, Wouldm happily, trustingly, lovingly? Is hel always 1 glad to go, but gladder still to return? t ing and faction in it there were d some tha^ like sc'fh'h you liki folks? What sort of a homecoming does he j small ideas ? ave? Aren't we, Mothers, too apt to j And i :ake that homecoming: full of scold- j faith in Mother the habit of telling you th'ng: he goes on telling them you like to he the on< >mes back to for understand titelligenl enlargement of his the fields if he, weeds that ate Gifts We Want. lived on other Some gits I'd like on Christmas 11101 ^And To make my dairy life complete. A patent gheller for the corn. A modern plant for winter heat. I'd like two silos of the best, hiklhood? Cream separators---well, sav he, (They'll give us all a needed Vest) .what progressive farmers Value of Farm Manure. ! I want ei.vtnr !:<;ht- this year, i this deep abiding ArA power--and a tractor fine, d Father, and m the Macadam roads running near, ings for tard-ness, or nagging over, intimate comradeship with t.-ie „..•... .\ ;-,.;.-.,-/-ore ...y -jrivate line table deportment, o\rus,hing the chil-j side,world, that the faith in the In- rd like a"slicked-up motor car,' dren off to bed sftJaTe can have the, finite is born? Perhaips, in childhood, To take me to the movie show evening to ourselves'.'-Those things, the connection between the Creator of where all those other racers are ' seem of smalljrfp^nce, but: the Universe and a white-fringedi A handsome motor truck or so, wouldn't it jHattaV|^las.tlnf value golden-hearted daisy may not be ovefH New cows to make a wonider-herd. All pedi'greed and roilking-v and to" our children if, instead, iade of that homecoming a happy summary of the day's affairs? There is no child who is not glad to tell what he has been doing all day.' to discovering such If he has been at school there are, his own soul. Thei often little difficulties, little vexations' weave his daily that the teacher has not had time to happy whole at the da; ly clear, and if the connection at all, if the child sees the manifests-1 My heart.'Men. Tike tion of the Divine in all the forces of nature, it will not be such a far cry ang en the tree these These little things I nces into a And, when the day its Farm manure pay s. In five ;. ears on "four acres at t ie Experiin ntai Farm. Ottawa, the Jse of such nure increased the v aiue of the i ■ops by 8391.20. Each 3 ear where f arm nn r was applied there was ar in- ere : yield, and consequently iri- creased profit. De iling with' 920 alone, mangels prodt ced an inere ised crop of 15.5 tons at $2.88 per to profit of $44.31; oa ts increased 8 8 singing bird, by the t bushels at 58c a bushel, a profi $5.10; clover hay showed an in-re: crop of 1.7 tons, which at X24.30 ton means a profit' of $41.31. T increases are shown by co-mpar with the yields on unmanured that year adjoining. Thus a di profit is shown c ts paean to the skies. 5 of fan 1 the s 1 of ! .1 he!;> bin Each winter many trees are injured beyond recovery in Canada by mice. This can be prevented by wrapping the . statement issued by the Live trunks of the trees with building paper ftook Branch of the Dominion Depart- just before winter sets in, having the! satisfactorily explain cr smooth out' his larger experiences fashion thei rt of Agriculture shows that since "paper close to the ground and put-! A word or two from Mother may make selves into a life pattern that he adoption in 1913 of the policy of: ting a little earth about the lower end' it all clear and right. And if he has not be ashamed to show to himse dbtributing pure-bred bulls in newly; of the paper so they will not get at! been at play there will be so many his Creator at the "t.vilight houi stttled districts and backward sections I the free from below. Mice will not! things to tell. It is while out lifts, of the different provinces, in all 3 408 i usually \ bulls have been so distributed, an | in most ca average of 878.6 for each of the nine \ ground, thi years. Ot the total, Alberta has re-1 than eight hrough the paper and, >s they are close to the paper need not be more inches to two feet high. oeived 75(F, Saskatchewan 752, Mani-! The paper should be tied after toba 333, Quebec 928, Ontario 277, the' ping so that it will not come off. that the child becomes acquainted with the fascinating realm of cut-of- "Le doors. Flowers, birds, trees, bees and butterflies,--he may become closer ac- i quainted with them all through the retelling of his experiences among Maj 'Twill find me worthy of the dead* t My boughs be strong and purses wide, And may your Christmas list be ar! long. Contented dill I here abide. Head high in air--soul filled with 1 song. Worsted stuffs were first 1 the village of Worstead, in ] j about 1313. > prevented