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THE COLBORNE EXPRESS, COLBORNE, ONT., THURSDAY, JULY 14, 1921. it, 73 Adelaide St West, Toronto. lamb-creeps, feeding racks, disinfectants, record books, docking and castrating tools are ail put in readiness for the coming harvest, which will represent his profits on the business. Last Year's Yield of Potatoes. Dominion statistics show that 1920 saw the largest crop of potatoes in Canada on record, both as regards the average yield per acre, 170% bushels, broilers and now for those who are close to a good broiler market it pays to sell their cockerels as broilers 133,831,400 bush- until fall and , * > , ', ' Ti ___nj , els. It was thought that large quantities would be lost in the winter by Xd™ Kd££| feezing, but the mildness - 1 of the season reduced the losses so minimum. As a conse-f'jquonce the surplus in the hands of 1 farmers on March 31, 1921, ceptionally large, the largest ■ather than hold thei sell them as roasters, plan, therefore, to get rid of the broiler stage, if the price available' °* Cff,S at that time makes it worth while,! and usually it does. The selling of broilers at this time of the year down on the feed bill and leaves i room for the pullets to mature. Ducks.--The only time to sell Address Grass and CIov In large sections of Eastern Canada, the importance of well-balanced grass and clover mixtures, particularly for pastures, is not yet clearly realized. If it were, the commonly used mixtures consisting of timothy and red clover or timothy, red clover and al-sdke would be seen less often than is now the case. These mixtures may yield, the year after they are sown, one or two crops of hay composed largely of clover; the following year or years the hay, crops secured will consist almost ex- ket ducks is when they are about ten ]iast y6ar_ Last year tn) clusively of timothy. As timothy,! weeks of age and can be marketed -however, produces a rather scant and under the trade name of "green slow-growing aftermath, it follows! ducks." Usually where there is a de-that fields sown to clovers and tim- j mand for this class of ducks they will othy and harvested for hay furnish! bring a bigger price per bird at this a pasture, after the hay crop has been | stage than at any later stagehand taken off, that becomes comparatively j the cost of production is materially poor, both in quality and returns, as j less. soon as the clover has disappeared. | Roasters.--In spite of the For this and other reasons it paysI that can sell broilers, the bulk of the well to add a few other grasses and cockerels will be sold as roasters also other clovers of a persisting na- \ weighing from 4% to 6 pounds in the ture to the ordinary timothy and j fall. In disposing of roasters it pays clover mixtures. On land of normal to crate feed. The last pound of flesh fertility a clover and timothy mix- is the cheapest part of the whole car-ture, sown primarily for hay in a ro- cass and enhances the value of the tation will produce more hay if a Ht- | entire bird. Do not dispose of any tie meadow fescue and perhaps also class of poultry stock without special orchard grass are added. On account j feeding, and for the larger cockerels, of their rapid growth after cutting, i especially, the crate feeding system is the latter grasses also help a field to. best. produce more pasture after the hay Turkeys and Geese.--Geese are be-crop has been removed. The same [coming more popular each year and applies also to other grasses, known! deserve more attention on the aver-as bottom grasses, such as Kentucky; age farm than they have received. The Blue grass, Red Top, and others, and! grass feeding habit of the goose is an also to White Dutch clover. j added reason for goose flesh being one For permanent pastures it is of still; of the cheapest poultry meat pro-greater importance that the mixtures ! duced. At no time of the year does cleanliness count for more in the poultry business than during warm weather. Fowls kept in closed, stifling, sleeping quarters cannot be in a really healthy condition, or give very good returns. It would be much better to have the windows removed from the poultry THE SUNDAY SCHOOL JULY 17. The Conversion of Saul, Acts 9: 1-19. Golden Text--1 Tim. 1: 15. cord in fact excepting only 1910, when: ters. it was 44 per cent, compared with 401 The poultry he per cent, this year and 25 per cent. Connecting Links--Though Paul their court. But this, apparently, was house, to have them cleaned and stor-, was seeking to find the true way of ; already an open thoroughfare, coned away in some place where they life as a Pharisee in strict observance : necting different sections of the city, could not be damaged until needed ?f law, and thought he was serv-, and with the open shops of the mer-asrain and niwes of'w're rettinsr out God ln persecuting the Christians, chants cn either side. It was lined fift^'iT T<L KwUl he was not ^PPy- He describes the with columns, the bases of which can m the place of the windows. Tms wdl experience of that period cf his !;fe ! stm ^ se£m keep out any vermin and at the same in the seventh chapter of the Epistle | 13-19. I have heard by many of time allow more fresh air for the to the Romans, an experience of dis- jthis man. The fame and dread of fowls. Many of the losses among couragement and defeat leading al-: Saul's name had already reached adult fowls in the summer season are most to despair. The commandment Damascus, and the Christian people the result of unhealthy roosting quar- (or law) "which was ordained to life," j there knew of his coming and what a contain a variety of grasses and Turkeys continue to be our highest clovers. It is obvious that the most! priced poultry flesh and no d. bt will valuable permanent pastures are those . maintain this position for some time, which provide green pasturage from j for the ravages of blackhead each the early spring until late in the fall, year seem to make it harder to pro-Under the circumstances it is equally j duce turkeys. In marketing turkeys obvious that the most valuable mix- almost more than any other class of tures for permanent pastures are ; poultry meat, it is essential that they those which contain early as well as j be well-fed. Turkeys cannot be too medium late and late pasture plants. [ fat and in disposing of them keep in This is a point that is too often: mind that turkeys are used for festi-overlooked in Eastern Canada. It is \ val occasions. Have them ready, , not so in Europe, where the great1 therefore, in plenty of time value or pastures of proper composi-j Thanksgiving and Christmas, and do tion is being more appreciated and j not leave the marketing of them too where, as a consequence, pasture mix- j near the time at which they are re-tures holding ten or more grasses and! quired for eating, clovers are common. As an example [ For further detail, write the Poul-| may be mentioned that Sutton & Sons, j try Division, Central Experimental Reading, England, recommend, among Farm, Ottawa, Ont., for their bulleti others, a mixture "specially adapted No. to produce the most profitable crops four to six years grazing or mowing" which contains seventeen different grasses and clovers, and for permanent pastures on medium soils a mixture which consists of not less than twenty-one different pasture plants. | It is impossible in a short article to discuss what particular grasses and this, he says, he "found to be unto' he had come for. Yet at~the call of obmild he thor-1 death." For the law continually set'duty, the call of his Lord, Ananias n»„w„-„,0 „a rrL+o Jbefore hir" ideals, which he could not went to him. He did not know but the oughly cleaned. Give the roosts areach up to and wag a COTltinual re-1 going might cost him his life-never-good coat of kerosene or some liquid mjnder of his faults, his errors, and theless he went. lice killer, clean- out the nests and his shortcomings. The law was holy,! A chosen vessel. There came, by burn the old nesting material, then • and just, and good, but it meant death this word of inspiration, to Ananias a give the nests a thorough white-wash-, to him. _ i promise of what such a man as Saul ing inside and out, leaving them to dry] He found a conflict within him be- might become, if converted to Chris- in the sun for a while A thorough 'tween good and evil. For, he says, tiamity. A man of his learning and smravintr with whitewash of the whole i"t,hat which 1 do 1 know n<it> for not great abi!,ity and knowledge of the spraying with white vash ot the whole wbat T w ^ do j ti but wor]d mi ht jnd d fc ^ h ves- iterior of the house will make thewhat t ,hate that j do - ■ gel to bear Chris,t>g name before tn8 sanitary. If the floors are; «por the good which I would I do Gentiles and kings and the children of the divine word the date mentioned bushels while thi 313,000 bushels. The loss from frost and rot up to March 31, 1921, was' only 16 per cent, or 20,686,000 bushels. As a consequence of all this there has been something like a glut of potatoes and quantities have been plac fed to live stock. This year there has of earth, remove a few inches of the not; but the evil which I would not,! Israel. And that-been a decrease in the number of acres .top soil and replace with some fresh that I practice," From this conflict. to Ananias. sown; consequently, it is safe to pre-; sandy soil. If they are of wood or he found no way of escape. Evil seem-i He entered the house and greeted diet that the next annual report that'cement, scrape and sweep them clean,; ?d'to triumph. He was being brought; his enemy as "Brother Saul." Who is for the year ending March 31,' 1922,! then wash with a fairiy strong dis- \ ,nt° £P«™ty to sm But when m couldresist the spirit of brotherhood •ii i. j- • f- • ..I ™i„.e;„„ q,„^v;„^ „„_.»,:„ ; despair, he cries out, "o wretched and goodwill which was so manifest will show a diminution in the mer- infecting solution. Sunshine combm-, man ^ T am, who shall deliver. among those early Christians ? Paul's chantable quantity and in the surplus,! ed with fresh air, is one of the best!me?» the answer comes, "Jesus heart was won and his eyes were the annual average of which for ten germ destroyers we have, but it is Christ." And so, he says (8: 3),'opened. The great ' ' bushels, years has been less than fifty per cent, of what it was at last reports. The average nual merchantable quantity in Canada for the same period was 69,730,200 bushels. In 1920, that is for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1§21, 105,608,000 bushels. Transportation and Care of Fruits. Preparing for the Next Lamb Crop. Successful shaep husbandry re es careful preparation for the next lamb crop. It matters little what time cf the year it is, whether the < are just bred, the lambs just weaned i or the lamb crop just due. preparat: clovers ought to be recommended asjfor the next c shouM be k t additions to the timothy and clover | mmd. So time is more important mixtures now commonly used, as dif- j than during the Drevlous lambing sc ferent rates and combinations of quite son_ At that time noteg and reeM i varied nature are required for dif- should be kept cf al], important it3, ferent soil and climatic conditions. Furthermore, such a discussion is outside the scope of this article, the object of which is simply to emphasize the advantage of including a greater number of grasses and clovers in mixtures than is now the case. Marketing the Surplus Stock. Distribute the sale of market birds over as many of the twelve months as possible. Sell when the price is good and the birds ready. As far as possible, get out of the habit of marketing everything in the fall of the year. Watch the markets and have your birds ready when you can get the prices. Hens.--The best prices are received for hens in the spring of the year, good plan is to cull out all the hens you do not intend to keep over for breeding purposes another year and sell as soon as the egg yield drops. This will occur after the breeding season is over and usually along about the 1st of July for the poorer on the better layers a little bit later. Whether these birds should be killed before selling will depend upon the demand. In some Large cities ter price is paid for the live bird than for the dressed. The killing, then fore, will depend upon the prices Which Hens to Market.--When trap-nesting is followed the matter is simple, for the non-producers can be picked out at any time. Where trap-nests are not used the selection is made much more convenient if leg bands are used to distinguish the hems from the pullets, and the early-laying pullets from the later ones. With these marks the hens and the low-producing pullets can be disposed of. The aim should be to keep over the summer months only the birds that are paying well for their keep, and that are to be kept for breeding purposes the next spring. In the case of Leghorns or other light breeds, it may pay to keep all pullets over the summer, but this must be determined by the number of eggs they are laying as soon after their egg production comes below their cost of keep even Leghorns should be disposed of. Broilers.--Broilers are chickens weighing not over four to five pounds to the pair. In recent years the demand and the prices have riser, for regarding the behavior of the che number of lambs each rais whether they are good mothers whether their udders are healthy and well-balanced, or any other valuabli notes of this kind. Any ewe that does not successfully raise her offspring should be culled rather than re-bred. Great care should be exercised in the selection of the ram to be used. He should be a typical, uniform, good-sized, purebred animal, full of vigor, active, and in good bloom. It is wonderful the influence a ram may have upon the offspring of a flock of ordinary ewes. The selection of the ewes is also a very important feature in connection with the lamb crop. This selection may be done when the previous lambs are weaned and again at breeding time. The shepherd has in mind at this time uniformity in type. The more uniform in appearance the ewes are, the more uniformity will be shown in the offspring and hence the better the prices to be obtained when marketing time arrives. Nothing attracts the buyers like uniformity not only in good condition, but in size, age, appearance and type. The ewes teeth should be examined and if any defects are found the ewes should be culled. As a rule ewes are not profitable for breeding after they pass five years of age. Not only should severe culling be done to the mature ewea but careful selection should be practiced in choosing future breeding ewes for the lamb crop, always being careful to retain those as near the ideal type as possible. Increased attention is being given to the carriage and storage of fruits. Every year owing to the shortage of help and the briefness of the picking and shipping season large quantities go to waste. This can only be obviated by improved methods of handling and by rapid distribution. It is gratifying to know that fruit growers ir all parts of the country are vigorously taking these matters up and that the various departments of agriculture are showing an earnest desire to co-operate. Efforts are being made to reduce waste to a minimum transportation and to increase cold storage facilities to an extent that all fruitgrowing centres will find accommodation. The whole future of Canada's fruit trade depends on the success and perfection of these efforts. It has al- Keep ready been shown that tomatoejj, j^^'"' grown "in Ontario can with the proper facilities be successfully marketed Alberta in competition with shipments from the western States. It rests express, steamships and railway panies to co-operate with the fruit growers' associations and gov operatives who are working directions. Lampblack c ■ tar stains: Saturate Wash with soap and A steel fence post, with the top six inches bent slightly inward for carrying a few strands of barb wire, designed in this way to give better protection to orchards and gardens, has been recently placed on the Canadian market. have, but it i possible to have too much sun for the j "What the law could not" do/' Jesus' He was baptized, making public fowls if some kind of shade is not Christ did. There is no condemnation fession that he now believed in Jesus provided in very warm weather, to be' to them that are in Christ. j Christ, and would follow Him. It was used when needed Paul must have been impressed by j not long until he was preaching Christ Colony houses scattered through an! ?{ ^ martyr Stephen, I in the synagogues .' j , , . , „ which he had heard, and by the heroic1 The coming of Jesus to Paul was orchard make a very desirable place and patjent coura^e ^ hg for him from tie very first a miracllof i met his death. He must have met and God's favor, or grace; the winning of ty of pure drinking: heard _ the testimony of many other j his hearty an unexampled display of for fowls or growing chickens, ways provide pier water in clean pans and keep it is a j Christian men and women. While he | power. The experience could only be sheltered place, out of the sun. Be sure] carried on his work of fierce persecu-1 the work of God; for it gave him what the adult birds are not too heavily ] .ion this leaven must have been work-: he had long been seeking--rest of fed, especially on corn or buckwheat: ^ls^lr tend "to hold ( in good condition, before they mence to moult. The fowls which are to be kept ovei as breeders, and also growing chickens intended for stock birds, should be given liberal range. Free range where there is an abundance of green food and animal food in the form of insects, worms, ets., to be bad, is very essential to the best growth, health, vigor and vitality stock intended for either breeding laying purposes. i supply of salt before th Making Better Silage With Less Work phasis cannot be laid upon the culling process. After the culling and selection work has been completed the ewes are prepared for breeding. They must be well fed and put in good condition but not overfat. As the breeding time approaches they should be flushed on some good, green, succulent pasture. As many as possible should be bred at ~ie same time so that the lambs ar-ve in a group and the lambing period ill not then be spread over a long period, which is objectionable. As the lambing period draws near the shepherd appreciates the fact that his busy time is approaching. He looks to the increased comfort of his flock. If the lambs are to be born in the barns the buildings are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected; hurdles, That many farmers make extra work for themselves by cutting their silage too green is clearly shown by simple bit of arithmetic. Making silage of green corn means hauling a lot of water from the field to the and, furthermore, the nutritive value of the silage per pound is greatly reduced. I have tried this probler lot of silage experts who were convinced until they had figured quite while for themselves. So get out your pad and pencil and you will be surprised at the results. Now for the silage problem. We will assume a case: Suppose that a field of when cut at a certain stage yields 20 tons of ensilage with 80 cent, water content. Suppose we cide to allow the corn to stand in field and dry out until the water tent has decreased to 60 per cent. To simplify the problem we will assume also that there is no further production of dry matter. Such would not be quite the case, but then this is a problem of arithmetic. The problem is, how much would this 20-ton yield , shrink in weight with the dropping of Too much j the water content from 80 to 60 cent. Men accustomed to handling silage all their lives come back as a rule very glibly with an answer. They reason this way: The difference between 60 and 80 per cent, is 20 per cent.; 20 per cent, of 20 tons is 4 tons, and this they figure will be the amount of shrinkage. The problem is not so simple, nor so unimportant. The true solution of it is as follows: The silage in the first place contained 4 tons of dry matter and 16 tons of water, or 20 per cent, dry matter and 80 per cent, water. In the second case there is the same 4 tons of dry matter, but only 6 tons of water, or 40 per cent, dry matter and 60 per cent, water The silage loses just one half its weight, the 20 tons his mind and heart. The climax soul, peace of conscience, a free for-anv of the fat nroducine foods I of tie conflict was reached on the way! giveness, and a love that was also an sll/f th! fZu fhlT^r^nTin it0 Daraascus, and Paul's great de-, inexhaustible source of moral power." Select the fowls that you do not m- dsion wag made ^ and in the dayg | _Strachan. r for another breed-j that followed. } paul repeats the story of his con- lell them early while j 9: Desired of him letters. The' version twice in the Book of Acts, the price is high and while they are high priest was still the chief magis-; once to the crowd which thronged trate of the Jewish people, and his! about the stairs of the castle (22: 5-authority was recognized by Jewish'16), and again before Festus and communities even outside of Palestine. ■ Agrippa (2«: 12-20). In both eases Though subject to Rome, these Jewish ; he declares that he saw Christ. So communities were allowed a large: aiso in 1 Ccr. 15: 8, he says, "He measure of freedom and self-govern- j was seen of me also, as of one born ment, and Jewish magistrates appear, out of due time." "Am I not an to have had, at certain time3 and, apostle ?" he asks, "Have I not seen places, the power not only to imprison, I Jesus our Lord ?" This testimony but even to inflict the death penalty, \ of Paul in 1 Corinthians is indeed the although the latter was usually held earliest record, earlier than any of the by the Roman governor only, or those gospels, cf the appearances of the deputed by him. The letters, there- \ risen Lord. fore, which Saul received from the' Paul could never forget this vision, high priest would be respected by the Nor cculd he forget that the Christ Jews of Damascus, and would author-! whom he had persecuted had forgiven ize the arrest and punishment of the him, and had done him this great Christians. j honor, making him His apostle. "I 3-7. A light from heaven. What. thank him that enabled me," he writes, exactly it was that happened we do, "even Christ Jesus our Lord, for that not know. We might conjecture that He counted me faithful, appointing it was a sunstroke, or an epileptic fit,; me to His service; though I was be-but no such explanation can fully ac-; fore a blasphemer, and a persecutor, count for what followed. That a con- and injurious. Howbeit I obtained flict had been going on in the mind of mercy, because I did it ignorantly in Saul seems beyond question. His men- [ unbelief. And the grace of our Lord tal agitation may have helped to pro-: abounded exceedingly with faith and duce a physical crisis. But, however, i love which is in Christ Jesus. Faithful that may be, the one certain fact is is the saying, and worthy of all ac-that God spoke to the inmost soul of: ceptation, that Christ Jesus came into this zealous persecutor, and compel-, the world to save sinners; of whom I led him to see and to acknowledge the! am chief." (1 Tim. 1: 12-15). truth. It was God, and yet it was! Application. Jesus, too, whom he met that day on j It is consistent with the Divine atti-the way to Damascus. "I am Jesus I tude as revealed at many times that whom thou persecutest," the vision' Jesus should commence speech with said. In all this early' Christian ex- j the erring persecutor with a question, perience there is an identification of: Men who do wrong are not only sin-Jesus with God. Paul, who had fought ners but fools. Through the cpntur'es so hard against Him, now calls Him God has been trying to get His chil-Lord, "Lord, what wilt Thou have mej'dren into a sensible frame of mind, to do?" j "Israel doth not know, my people doth 8-12. Behold, he prayeth. It is signi-! not consider. Come and let us reason ficant of the reality and truth of the \ together, saith the Lord," was the and experience which had come message of Isaiah. "There is a way that Saul was driven to prayer.1 that seemeth right unto man, but the is to persecute; he remained to! end thereof are the ways of death," pray. And his prayer was answered. | was the word of that writer who so For there came to him, divinely in- j earnestly urged the advantages of itructed, a good man and true, whose i wisdom. It was the same spirit w'ich name was Ananias, who was commis-1 Ezekdel expressed in "Turn ye, turn sioned to lead him into the way of ye, why will ye die?" This was the faith. burden of Christ's own complaint ovsr The street which is called Straight, Jerusalem. "How often would I. . . which Saul had his lodging, is still but ye would not." This is a righteor.s to be seen m that ancient city. Most world, governed by a God who loves streets of eastern cities in those days goodness. There is no figure of speech were simply open places, square or strong enough to describe the folly oblbng, inside the gate, where the of the man who vields himself to marketers bought and sold, and where wicKedness. The whole universe is the elders held council and the judges confederated against him. Warfbles are detrimental to thrift! ness, as well as to the hide of the animal. Every grub squeezed out and destroyed is one less to mature and propagate its species. Half the value, perhaps more, pure-bred lies in having the animal registered. If you don't believe it, keep your eyes open when you attend public sales. The pure-bred that registered sells for much less than the registered animal. not needed to make f class lambs if an abundance of good pasture is provided. Cheap as corn this year, though, a little corn may be profitably fed. Rape is a valuable pasture crop for lambs. shrinking to 10 tons. The usual error' started out. of course comes in the tendency to make the comparison with the figures for water per cent, instead of the figures for dry-matter per cent. A change from 80 to 60 per cent, water seems rather small, but a change from 20 per cent, dry matter to 40 per cent, dry matter obviously means, if the total amount of dry matter remains the same, that the total weight has been cut in half. This bit of arithmetic points to an important lesson in silage-making. The lesson is to let the water content go as low as possibfe without injuring the silage quality, before starting to fill the silo. During this period of growth the corn is actually gaining in feeding value as well as getting rid of an immense tonnage of water. Half the labor of overhauling may be saved, and a better product secured, by making a rather dry as against a rather wet silage. This bit of commonly misunderstood silage arithmetic also gives rise to heated arguments over yields of silage corn. The man accustomed to making a dry silage takes with a grain of salt the story of big tonnage put out by the man who makes sloppy silage, neither party appreciating the fact that shifting the moisture content from 80 per cent, down to 60 per cent. --about the two extremes encountered in actual practice--causes a reduction of just 50 per cent, in weight per acre. The same question is also involved when it comes to feeding. A wet silage has only half the feeding value, pound per pound, as has a dry silage. All too frequently this distinction is not appreciated when the material is doled out along the feeding platform. Maybe the milk pail will show up the difference, but only a little silage arithmetic will point to the cause. It pounds of wet silage to give s feeding value as 40 pounds with the lower percentage of water-- per the problem with which we Controlling Rabbit Diseases. In its natural environment a rabbit will have a burrow or a brush heap a home and it will have a range plenty of territory and a chance to select a wide variety of food. When rabbits are kept in confinement in the usual type of hutch, each breeding rabbit has a range consisting of twelve square feet of board floor. It is evident that much attention must be given to rabbits in hutches or they cannot be expected to thrive. Many rabbit breeders have started out with plenty of enthusiasm and good breeding stock, only to drift gradually out of business with the death of the first rabbit from disease. Often before the last rabbit dies it will be bumping its head against the top of the hutch because of the accumulation of manure on the floor. Rabbit hutches should be cleaned every few days and then sprayed with one of the commercial coal tar disinfectants. This destroys disease germs and gives the hutches a more agreeable odor. There should be a surplus of hutches so that some of them can be empty at certain times. The empty hutches can be placed wide open in the sunshine. This helps to disinfect the hutch and gives the lumber a chance to become thoroughly dry. I believe that the hutch plan of raising rabbits is such an unnatural environment that it will pay rabbit breeders to have a few fenced yards in which the breeding stock can often be placed for exercise. It give3 them a chance to get their feet on the ground and this seems beneficial for all kinds of animals. The yards can be enclosed with strong wire and a trench can be dug around the outside and filled with stone or any material that will keep pests from digging in and the rabbits from digging out. Of course, the hutches will still be necessary but the yards.will be used as exercise runs in which the breeding stock can be placed in turn. It will improve their vigor and help in keeping down disease. One successful breeder has such a system of yards on well drained soil and the rabbits have a deep burrow in the ground ?n each yard. They seem to enjoy the chance of returning to conditions more or less natural and present the owner with large litters of husky young rabbits. Sick rabbits can sometimes be cured but the best method is to keep them free from disease. If doctoring becomes a constant practice in a rab-bitry it means that something is wrong with the breeding stock or the system of management and prompt measures must be taken or the losses will be large.