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THE COLBORNE EXPRESS, COLBORNE, ONT., THURSDAY, JUNE 23, 1921. A consideration of types and principles of piggery construction brings up a classification cf swine growers, roughly as follows:-- 1. The farmer who keeps two or three sows, and from which class comes the great part of Canada's bogs; 2. the farmer who specializes Sr-x^rS ££ -tion of two parts corn, three parts 8. the out and out hog-man who goes! branl. onef,?art meatscrap by weight in for hogs exclusivelyfkeeping thirty, ^I^J^^Jg tion as scratch feed, as the use of the ount that would be required to bring them to maturity, and the feed should be of such a nature that will keep them growing rapidly. Meatscrap in the ration is one of thi essential feeds that will keep the chicks in good order and since this feed is generally high in price, just enough should be fed to provide the chicks with the necessary amount. As believe that forty, fifty or more brood working, as closely as possibh the two-litter-a-year plan. Theri few in this class. Considering, briefly, the types of buildings required for the above classification the following basic principles must apply to all:-- 1. Economy. No business can operate efficiently with too much overhead expense. Pork production operates on a close margin oi profit. Ir the main, comparatively cheap buildings are advisable, not only on account of low cost, but because they are best otherwise. 2. Dryness and good ventilation. These must be obtained in some way. Possibly no farm building is more difficult to ventilate than a piggery, and no animal requires fresh dry air and quarters more than a hog. The man who keeps two or three sows needs few, if any, special buildings. His sows are wintered in low, straw-covered sheds or shelters adjacent to the barnyard. They summer on pasture with a cheap lean-to or cabin for shelter. Two quisites are automatically acquired: fresh air and dry quarters and rise. At farrowing time a box stall is usually available. If the litter comes early, such quarters usually prove sufficiently warm for the little pigs. These, after weaning, may be fattened on pasture or in a paddock or dry lot with a cheap shelter, indoor feeding is preferred, in a shed or empty building improvised for the purpose. This may sound like makeshift practice. The fact remains that not one cent more than is absolutely necessary should be expended in hog-equipment. Consider the case of the next class --the man who keeps five or six sows. His breeding stock should be handled as in the foregoing. The essential building is for farrowing his sows. If his sows farrow all about the same time and if he plans for fall litters early enough for successful winter feeding, he must have heated quarters; in other words, a building all or part of which is warmly built and therefore a comparatively expensive structure. Generally speaking, the best arrangement makes possible the closing off of two or three pens next to the feed room, where a heater may be installed. This portion of the building must be double boarded and tightly ceiled and with a ventilation system. Cement is excellent in the main, but the farrowing pen floor must be of wood, or cement covered with plank. A drainage system must! be provided to ensure dryness. Porj the balance of the building excellent1 results have been obtained by making use of single board walls, a slatted ceiling covered with straw, earth floors and a floored section over which is built a low, straw-covered j™^ 0nce the cream screw sleeping berth. Such quarters are ex-j justed to the proper la the cel.ent for young weaned pigs or for; fattening hogs at any time of the year. Ventilation is automatic. The expensive construction is limited to where it is really essential. The balance is of cheap construction. Plans of piggeries of this type may be obtained from the Animal Husbandry Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. The extensive hog-man needs special buildings. Nevertheless, he must strictly follow economy in construction. Expensive or comparatively cream on the Babcoek test, especia'iy where he ships his cream, can make more money by skimming to produce a heavy, high-testing cream. In the first place the farmer that skims to produce a high-testing cream will keep more skim-milk on the farm, thus saving the transportation charges and the skim-milk at the same time. For example, if a farmer sells a hundred pounds of butterfat in cream and receives thirty dollars for it and it came from cream testing! did miss it, it did not matter, twenty per cent, he would have to almost mere fun to do that, and ship six ten-gallon cans to hold the! it fall down in a little heap, five hundred pounds of cream. He! Besides that, it really was a very The Children's Hour. How such a roly-poiy little girl could run about all the time was a wonder. But Laura simply could not sit still for long. That was why she loved her bean bag better than her dolls. She had to be careful not to break the dolls, and they always sat The Social Task of the Chui about very quietly, anyway. But the bean bag! She could toss that up into m to catch it; and if she The great central tmth . been before us in all the lesi the quarter is that the Christi of love is the law of . It is the law of living ti Rev. mssh, which is really the expensive part of the ration. By the time the cockerels are two pounds they should be marketed for broilers and attention given to the development of the pullets. The same ration should continue throughout, the growing season, we believe, but, of course, should be changed some near the time the pullets begin to lay. A good deal of labor and trouble may be saved by providing a large self-feeder with the mash, where the growing fowls may get it whenever they wish. We use a feeder that will hold about ten bushels and have the ration mixed by the feed dealers. In this way we can handle several thousand chicks easily in the growing sea- To supply Vater, one of the easiest means is to secure a pan about three feet in diameter and install one of the old-fashioned floats that were so com mon in our barnyard watering troughs This may be attached to a pressure system or gravity system and will, of course, allow water to come in as fast as removed. In this manner if the pan is in a protected place, the water will not become hot, and fresh water is supplied at all times without any necessary attention. A device like this works well on an electric pump, such as is being installed with the farm lighting system. A good building is as essential during the summer time as during the fall; ias the pullets need protection from the cold rains and a clean, well-tillated place to roost. Young pullets that are accustomed to a good house will not stand around under bushes on rainy days and lower their vitality, which really impairs them as winter layers. Heavy or Light Cream? Comparatively few owners of cream separators understand the proper adjustment of the cream screw, to say nothing of the adjustment of the rest of the machine. The cream screw is intended to trol the consistency of the cream that the separator delivers. However, this screw does not, as is generally supposed, regulate the efficiency of skimming. The machine will, as a rule, skim just as clean when delivering a heavy, high-testing cream as it will when skimming a thin low-testing cream. The cream screw should be so adjusted that it will deliver a heavy thick cream unless the owner is selling the cream by the quart. If the owner is selling by the volume, he should have his separator adjusted that it will deliver cream as near the requirement as possible because at this point it will net him the most would have to pay the transportationj nice bean bag. It had a blue-ami- £pthfr-' ,God Iwes, and we must lev charges on four hundred pounds of white-checked gingham cover, just 1^° riwPllTh w^rX* that dW-^i"1 skim-milk besides losing the skim- j like one of Laura'! rompers. And it The Me ind miito^f J^ChTr milk worth fifty cents per hundred: was fuI1 of smooth; round( white was at thf same time af revelath pounds. However, if this farmer beans; Laura knew, because she had God and a revelation of love, would skim so as to produce a heavy seen mother put them in, and then sew loved us and gave Himself for cream testing forty per cent, he up the corner of the bag. And even The Christian who believes in Christ would receive the same amount though the beans were out of sight who seeks to follow Christ, who take] (thirty dollars) for the one hundred now, she could feel them through the X™ as .example and ideal, wit, pounds of butterfat contained, but gingham, and, of course, they must Sf desire, *° be governed bf ion i-ii u • t the same law of love. Love will be en-, still be just as white. ;his world( his in,s,p,ir,ation> his life. , | One day Laura's mother was help-; and fifty pounds of cream. He would!; ^ to ^ tlJ gay ^ ^ ^ thus save wo hunared and fifty j Suddenl she cried. j To the first man whom thou dost pounds of skim-milk worth $1.25, be- ' . . meet, sides the transportation charges on! 0 La"ra« ^J11?.,bean bag 13 fettmg< In lane, highway, or open street, the same two hundred and fifty j worn _out! Well have to make an-1 That he, and we and all men, move pounds. I „ . , , . I Under a canopy of love, Aside from the saving of skim-milk j , N°> ,nTo! , c™d Laura> shaking her. As broad as the blue sky above." and transportation charges, the pro- head. "I don't want another bag,! The Christian whose life Hlrcer of hpavv nv thiVk cream savps 1 mother; I want to keep this ---- in two otheways- First he has less I Tbat ^y day the bean bag caught governed by love will seek worthi----- in two otner ways first, he nas 'ess as wel] as usefuinesS- For , if it cream to cool and handle, thus savmg °" a snarp tv,ig tnat scuck out oi tne {t fe strong ennobles the one time and labor; secondly, his thick \ littte pear tree in the:yard and Laura who loves. H™f bl£ ™et°™ be kept in better condition jhad *° stand on and P™1 and fcbat so he may gpeak to be and he will receive a better price for it at the creamery. If a thick cream will net the producer more he had better adjust the cream screw properly in the first pis and then pay attention to these other factors that cause the separator to a thick, high-testing low-testing cream. a thin naturally concludes that all thi skimmed will test the same or nearly the same. Consequently when the cheque arrives for his shipment of cream and he finds that it did not test nearly as high as the previous shipment, he wonders why. Usually he blames the consignee and says the cream was not properly tested. Su>ch misunderstandings resulting in the cream producer accusing the dealer of improper testing can often be avoided if the owner of a separator knows that a number of factors other s2± Teach the young stock to lead at an early age and it will save many stubborn contests later in life when the animals are strong. If each heifer has a halter she will be easier to handle in the pasture lot an< learn that a tug on the halter to follow. If a farmer needs his skim-milk and lives in a section where farmers are selling milk, he can often build up s good butter trade in his own neighborhood. There are a lot of farmers that buy all their butter and true that many farmers owning herds of cows really eat butter instead of oleo. This gives the butter producer a lot of skim-milk for poulry and stock feeding and a nearby outlet for the butter. Cows that freshen in the faj a great increase in milk flow spring when placed on pasture. This helps to keep up production until time for the cows to diry up. Cows that freshen in the spring are mere difficult to handle profitably in the fall when pastures are often dry and conditions are less favorable for keeping up the milk flow. When veal is cheap and feeds are cheap it ought to pay to keep the best heifer calves on the chance that cows will be good property a couple of years from now. It is iasy to say that cows are cheap and there are lots for sale, but when you start out looking for those cows you find that the farmers are keeping the best ones and some of the cows for sale cheap are not much good. pull to get it down. At last the twig strong that he may help the weak, gave way, and the bag tumbled into be good that he may do good. And her hands. j so the Christian man will seek for him- Just then a beautiful yellow butter- self, as well as for others, good fly came floating past, so near to health, and knowledge, and friendship, Laura's face that she was sure she and recr©ation and work in which he ™iiM mtvh him ; may exercise his powers--everything, But she could not quite reach him; rich> and h Hfe_ He ^ >avoid so as he flew along she ran after him j the habits ,and mdulgences wh;cn are holding her bean bag tight; she did hurtful, the recreations that debase, not mean to lose that. But she did'] and the work which is destructive of not see a little three-cornered tear j character and honor. He will not seek in the gingham cover of the bag--a j wealth at the expense of a good con-tear just large enough to let a bean: science, nor success by dishonest slip through nicely. I Peans: M Always, while seeking what The butterfly kept out of Laura's' »b«?* h™spe f > he wm be regard-reach. He flew this way and that, in & £ X£S ^ bf c^nfto" and out and round about, fluttering sacrifice gain, or property, or even life over the soft earth in the garden that: itself, if by so doing he can help Laura's father had been digging up to j others to greater good, plant it with little brown seeds. The Christian will be a worker. At last the butterfly rose higher, Christ Himself, both in the carpenter's and flew away altogether. Laura!craf * and Hi? later ministry, was a stood still for a moment; she wanted I f^nueus f~no untiring worker. His „ i. follower cannot and will not be idle, very much to cry The possession of wealth can be to I But then she had her bean bag! ( hdm no excuse for idleness. He will! Why, what--what was the matter ? j find happiness, health, and true nobil- j The bag was not round or fat or heavy j ity in labor. Moreover he will gladly any more. It was just an old ging-' learn to work with others, recogniz-ham bag, quite empty. Where had ing their tasks important and honor- all the pretty white beans gone to Laura ran to mother as fast as she could, for now she really was crying; and while she ran the sky, too, began to cry, shedding great swift drops. Laura coming; ahe ran out, picked her up in her arms and hurried back to the porch with her. As soon as they were under the porch roof Laura cried: "Mother! Mother! Just see the bean ig! What's the matter with it?" Then mother looked at the poor thin bean bag that used to be so fat. ir bean bag is torn, dear," she ;and all the beans have fallen out of it. able as his own. He will find firm and true comradeship and brotherhood in labor. Even in competition with partison, or blind follower social creed. He will be willing to learn, even if learning sometimes compels a change of view. What is true, and just, and right he will always be seeking; what is false only will he hate. Application. There is no limitation in the plan of redemption which God has for the world. What has been the experience of multitudes of men, "old things are passed away; behold all things are become new" is to be the final result even with the weird. All that has to do with the sin and misery of merg will disappear and in its place ther* will appear a new world beautiful witlif the likeness of Paradise. This vision granted to St. John so many centuries! ago is still the animating purpose oil the Church. Daily millions of meirf pray, "Thy kingdom come; Thy wdjpj be done on earth as it is in Heaven,'-and day by day the marshalled hoOTS of the Christian army seek to secta » ! that for which they pray. Lest by reason of the slow matuv-, ing of God's plans, we grow sceptical of the success of the program and settle down to be content with things as they are, let us notice that first named ■amongst those who shall have no part in the New Jerusalem are two classes, whose only fault has been that they have been "fearful and unbelieving." They doubted God's ability to bring His great designs to pass. Because they doubted they were not prepared to give themselves heartily to serving those high plans. They have their part "in the lake which burnetii." Donald Hankey said, "Religion is just betting your life that there is a God." That means not only believing it with one's mind, but "flinging ourselves and our energies after our belief." Difficult as the task may be, let us remember that "all power" has been committed to the Saviour of the world, and that with His Father, who is our Father and our Helper, "all things are possibl e."_ Taller, out!" Laua had ne^ "Then please ,em, mother." "Oh, >r thought of that, come and help find in't go out this rain. Besides, the beans will all be covered with dirt. We'll just make another bag." 'I don't want another bag," said MY WIFE AND I WORKED OUT OUR FINANCES TOGETHER By Ralph Eastman for farrowing quarters. Open sheds with straw-covered sleeping quarters have proven excellent for winter fattening of hogs. The straw-loft, earth-floor, enclosed-berth type of building makes an excellent and comparatively cheap structure which embodies all of the essentials and which is useful for every class of hog, with the possible exceptions of the early farrowing and the sow during the gestation iod. The cheap, portable cabin building much in demand on the big hog farm, both in winter and summer- Plans of the larger types of piggeries may be secured from thi source already mentioned. Keep the Chicks Growing. We have often noticed a serious setback in growing chicks if the proper ration is not provided at the time the chicks are able to range about and begin to hunt for themselves--too often at this time the feed necessary for their quick development is withheld. This is when we bring our chick self-feeders into their greatest use and provide a good mash that will assist the fowls in growing a good frame, plenty of plumage, and keep them in active working order. When the chicks weigh about a pound apiece and just at the time they are passing through the broiler stage, they require a good deal of feed, yet nothing extraordinary in comparison to the am- cream will cause a variation test of the cream delivered. A few of the factors that cause thin cream to be delivered from the separator, other than the adjusting of the cream screw, are: 1. Skimming the milk when it is excessively warm. 2. Running the speed of the separator bowl too low. 3. Forcing the milk through the separator too rapidly. 4. Flushing the separator bowl out with large amounts of skim-milk or warm water, and permitting the cream delivered from these flushings to mix with the other cream. 5: Skimming a low-testing milk. On the other hand, some of the factors causing a heavy cream to be delivered, when the cream screw is not tampered with, are: 1. Skimming cold milk. 2. Increasing the speed of the separator bowl. 3. Reducing the flow of milk into the separator bowl. Not putting the bow! flushings I suspect that too many of us farm-s do not give our wives credit for knowing anything about handling money--except to spend it. Oftentimes a man will call on the ph< want to talk to me. Yet \ hat he wanted to know could have been told by my wife just as well. In fact, I doubt if there is any business on earth about which a man's wife knows as much farming. The farm wife lives right on the job; she has a chance to hear what is going on, and to talk it over three times a day. I have learned to ask the woman who answers the phone before having her call her man in from the field. And I usually get the information I want. When my wife and I started out on our farm-life honeymoon, after a few days of the usual kind, I decided it was time to get somewhere financially. Money--or the lack of it--was seemingly the biggest problem of the older folks I knew. The women hated to ask for money every time they needed it. The grudgingly, or e gether. the price was right or wrong. I know what to pay for my stuff, and she does too. That's all there is to the money division. But I wasn't satisfied with just this arrangement. Supposing I died? I carry enough life insurance to cover r indebtedne but money t do much good if you don't know how to use it. My wife now writes farm cheques when necessary. In fact, if I have a few cheques to deposit I sometimes purposely forget them and let her take care of thei It took quite a while for her to get accustomed to this sort of work. But it was worth the effort. Now she borrow money at our bank if we need it. I don't need to make the trip to town to sign a note. The bank knows she does business as well as I do. This training is not hard for so farhi wives, but for many it is. can't be done in a single month, remember how my wife dreaded to cash her first cheque at the bank. She usually gave! wanted some change, and I wouldn't forgot it alto-! get it for her. Instead, I went along ~J 'ntroduced her to the cash' l the c richer milk, re the most import-ise the variation in earn delivered from 5. Skimming These factors it ones that c the test of the iparator. 3 easy to conclude that both the heavy and the light cream have their market. Which is best for the average farmer? Any person that is selling In our case we had just bought a! Now, after three farm and were in the hole quite a bitj and cashes a cheque as easily on it. Neither of us had any lifts buys a loaf of bread. She goes to from home, nor did we expect any.! the elevator and settles for what Both were able to earn a little on! brings home, and pays for whatever the side, which helped a lot the first is delivered to the farm. Once in a few months. Anyone who has ever! while she forgets something; but so bought a "start-up"--furniture, farm- ] do I, and I've been doing business with ing tools, stock, and so cn--knows banks for fifteen,years, what it means to start out in debt. ! Now, I am not advancing a theory, We have arranged our finances like! but, instead, advocating a practical this: We each have a cheque book, but' working system. It's easy to say that we only have one account. When there! a husband and wife should be equal is money to spend, my wife spends it j partners, but it's pretty hard to prac-as she needs or wants to. I do the tice it when the woman has to ask for same. I don't ask her how much her, $10 whenever she needs it. She new waist or shoes cost. I don't care,' shouldn't have to ask for it, no matter and, anyway, I wouldn't know whether, how freely it is given. Laura; "I'd rather have my own old bean bag!" But mother only said, "Come indoors now, Laura." It rained all that night and all the next day, and the whole day after that. After that came a day when the rain stopped, but when heavy gray clouds hung over everything. One more day, and then the bright, warm sunshine returned; Laura's father said that he would like to work in the garden, but that the earth was too wet for it. The next day was Sunday, so Laura and her mother and father went to cnurch ing, and to grandi afternoon. The day after that father was very tired when he came home; and besides, it was too warm to work in the garden. So just a week had gone by when father said, after supper: "Coming to help me in the garden, Laura?" Laura quickly found her rake and the paper of brown seeds that father had bought on purpose for her.! Mother came, too, and they all went! into the garelen. What do you suppose they saw "Why, what's this?" cried father. "Oh, oh, what's this?" cried Laura. "I can guess," laughed mother. There was something in the garden that had never been there before-- a funny, crooked row of little strange plants, growing not a bit as plants are expected to grow, one after other in a straight line. This line ran in and out and round about, just as a little girl runs when she is playing--or when she is chasing a butter- fly. "They look like beans," said father, puzzled. "Mother!" Laura cried. "Do bean-bag beans look so after they're lost?" "They do when you lose them in a garden," father answered, smiling. "They're prettier greer. than white," cried Laura. "I'm glad I lost them!" tected early in the season they should be destroyed to prevent further defoliation of the tree. If they are within convenient reach they can be torn OTTt and the larvae crushed on the ground, or burned. Then an examination should be made to see if there are any larvae left on the tree near the old nests. These should be destroyed if possible. The use of a torch will be found to ba a convenient instrument in destroying those nests beyond reach, but care must be exercised so as not to burn the bark, thus killing it and perhaps causing a permanent injury to the tree itself. Its use is safe on the smaller branches or twigs, but on the larger limbs it will be safer to destroy them by hand. A spray with arsenate of lead will keep them from extending their work. The regular sprays recommended for apples will also keep them controlled. Tent Caterpillars. About the time the leaves are unfolding in the spring the tiny eggs of the tent caterpillar begin to hatch and the young larvae escape and go in search of some nice tender foliage. The previous fall the mother moth waSj considerate enough to place these eggs' close to the food supply. She selected i a small twig on a wild cherry, apple,' or some other convenient tree and around this she laid her several eggs, cementing them over with a waxy preparation in order ~io protect them against the weather. The larvae, after hatching, select a convenient fork in the branches, or on the trunk, in which to build their web, or tent, and from this they go out in the search for food.' If these caterpillars are not controlled arly in the season they will soon strip the foliage from the nearby limbs. If they are on a young tree it will be ttirely defoliated by midsummer. i As soon as the small nests are de- WO OI. Pack up your lot and ship to us. We do the rest--fair grading-- highest prices--spot cash payment. Try us. WM. STONE SONS, LIMITED WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO Established 1870 American GALVANIZED Steel FENCE POSTS THE POST without a FAULT No Clips or Staples Necessary Manufactured By THE ICANADIAN STEEL I and (WIRE Co,, Limited HAMILTON CANADA