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Orono Weekly Times, Wednesda-Y, Februùary -8th, 1978-5 Smoking and premature death The SPLASH organization in Bowmanville found them- selves a step further towards their goal of $300,000.00 last week when a cheque in the amount of $5,000.00 was presented to Mr. Garth Gil-' pen, secretary-treasurer by Gene Wrinkler, manager- at trator-co-rdinator for St. St. Mary's Cernent. Also Mary's. present for the presentation SPLASH has now raised was Mrs. Joan Higginson $13,000 (0 towards their ob- (left) member of SPLASH jective and wîl hold a door to and Bob Stevens, as well as door campaign for funds in Bill Hayes (right) adminîs- late March. Ail about cuttîngs VAN BELLE ON GARDENING What are cuttings. Cuttings are a piece of plant that does not have roots, they can be divided into several groups, softwood cuttings, hardwood cuttings, leaf cuttîngs and root cuttings. The one that is the most widely used is the softwood cutting speciaily for indoors, and then we think about the geraniums, Ivy's and other houseplants that can be successfully propagat- ed intins way, by_ the softwood cutting method. Select the mother plant, where you are goîng to take the cutting from, that is discase free and appears healthy, since you need a good dlean cutting to obtaîn the best results. Now when I say a good dlean cutting, tins does not mean that you wash the cutting, but that the cutting appears healthy, with good strong leaves. Cuttmngs are mainly taken from the side shoots of the mother plant. Take a sharp dlean knife and cut off the cutting as clese to the stem as possible, then make a fresh eut at the bottom. Make this cut on an angle,- so that any excessive moisture will run off the bottom, and no rot will set in. Try to have the medium where you are going to "stick" the cutting ready so that the cut tîng will flot dry out, then "stick" the cutting into the medium with about two-tird of the length of the cutting on top of the medium, and firm in the cutting by pressing down on the side with your fingers or a blunt object can be used. Different medium can be used, and what will work for one may not work for the next person. Water, sand, peat- mess, perlite, vermiculite or a combination of these have been successfully used, my own preference for softwood cuttings is using perlite, and my main reason for tis is the fact that it does not become soggy. It will let'some air through and it can be easily handled. Keep in mind though that the different plants could require different mediums L.e. the geranitum does really well in perlite, but harder cuttings such as azaleas are better in a sand-peat mix, but for the beginner I would suggest the perlite medium. Different containers can be used,' plastic flats or pots or plantboxes or any container that will hold- the medium, with flats probably the easiest since then you "stick" the cuttings in a row and start a few more. There also is a peat Approximately 12 per cent of ail premature deaths i Canada can be attributed to smoking, says Health and- Welfare Minister Monique Begin. Highlighting Canada's Nat- ional Education Week, on smoking, January 22nd - 28th, the Mînister pointed to a departmental study which links smoking to five main causes of premature mortal- ity - lung cancer, various types of throat cancer, chron- pellet on the market cailed the Jiffy-7, which you can use to start the cutting, but be careful with overwatering, since the peat will hold the moisture. To speed up the rooting process, different hormones are on the market that can be used. These are available from -your local Garden centre or Florist. it is a powder substance, in which you dip the cutting before "sticking" it in the rooting medium. Watering is very important, neyer overwater, rather than use the mist system, by spraying the foliage of the cutting wîth a mister, to keep the leaves turgid. This should be done at least twice a day for the first week. When the cutting has developed a healthy root system, probably in about two to three weeks, it can then be transplanted into a proper soil mix, either in pots or in flats again. Most houseplants can'be started this way, such as geraniums, ivys, impatiens, philodendren, begomias, pep- eromnias, etc. Next week we will discuss the other methods of cuttings. Until next week, happy gardening. Thc sewagc story The unseen sideof development There are thousands of miles of underground rivers in Ontario to which few people pay any attention. But getting along without them would be dangerously unhealthy and, perhaps, impossible. They are the man-made rivers that move sewage -- billions of gallons of it each day in this province. .Sewage disposai is no longer cheap, but it's e ffective. Sewage is now the focus of technological expertise. In short, it's treated. Harmful effluent is removed from the raw sewage, leaving water that contains only as much bac- teria as nature can safely handle. Treating sewage is really quite simple. The process is only complicated by the enormous volume of effluent that must be handled continuously, round-the-clock, every day of the year. 1Ontario's, York-Durham sewage works are being huilt specifically to process huge sewage outputs from Iwo growing regional iicipalities in the Yý--est, most, efficient manner. By 1980, the first phase of construction will be complete. The second and final phase is due for completion around the year 2000. The most important factor for consideration in a sewage treatment plant is volume. By 1980, the York- Durham plant will handle 40 million gallons of raw sewage a day, 140 million a day by the year 2000. Simply pumping the sewage into Lake Ontario would be a massive job, but cleansing the sewage at the rate of 40 million gallons a day demands sophisticated technology. When the plant is fully operational, over 100,000 gallons of raw sewage will be fed into it each minute by three enormous screw pumps, each 10 feet in diameter and 30 feet long. Once the plant is fully operational, sewage will be delivered hy gravity flow. The pumps will be used in emergericies. Inside the plant, screens will get rid of oversized material in the sewage. Anything that passes through is small enough to be called "grit", or par- ticles suspended- in the water. The. "grit" is allowed to settle out in special tanks. The sewage then goes to a primary setting tank, where it settles out for about three hours, moving next to an aeration tank with about 50 per cent of the suspended material removed. Air is then pumped through the liquid sewage which helps remove bacteria. During the, six to seven hours of aeration, alum or iron saIt, is added to the liquid to remove phos- phorus. Tbe sewage then moves to a secondary clarifier for further settling of the remaîning solids. The clarified effluent is then chlorinated, and dis- charged. What really happens at a sewage treatment plant is water recycling. The waste matter is separated from the water used to carry it; the water is used again, but for obvious reasons, the material extracted is not. It goes to a digester tank, which renders the sludge inoffensive, then it's carted off to a land disposai site. When the York-Durham treatment plant is operat- îng at full capacity, land disposai of massive quan- tities of sludge won't be practical. What's planned is a process that will de-water the sludge and incinerate the residue. Most sewage treatment plants don't have an appealing odour, however, the new plant will be an exception. Gases emitted from sewage are combus- tible, and at the York- Durham plant these gases will he collected and used to incinerate the dried sludge. There will be enough gas to heat the entire plant, and run elec- tricity generators with which to power plant equipmnt. A sewage treatment plant needs a considerable paroIl of land for its use -- and 170 acres of it was expropriated for this plant. One of the people who owned 20 of these 170 acres just won't leave bis land. Lloyd Marco realizes that the treatment plant is essential and he is working to ensure its success. He is employed ai the plant, helping to supervise the site's equipment storage failities. " ..after they got down to the nitty gritty, I realized there was no way to stand, in the way of progress," said Mr. Marco of bis decision to sel his land. ic bronchitis and emphy- sema, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Researchers reviewed al causes of death appearing i the International Classificat- ion of Diseases to determine these causes related to speci- fic risk factors. For each cause, ahl available epidemi- ological data were used to derive the attributable per- centages corresponding to smoking. 1Out of a total of 73,440 deaths studied, between ages one and 70, the 8,718 attribut- able to smoking represent 105,085 potential years of life lost. Calculating the potential years of 111e lost consists of a summation over ail age groups between one and 70, of the number of deaths at a specific age multiplied by the remaiming years of life up to age 70. For example, a death, at age 30 from a particular cause contrîbutes 40 years to the-total potential years of 111e lost due to that cause. Citing the economic costs of smoking in terms of health care and potential years of 111e lest, the Mimister suggest- ed that more government action to discourage smoking, such as recently-adopted municipal anti-smoking by- laws, may be needed. The study, which docu- ments the effects of smoking on premature death rates, wiil be used primarily by health policy decision-makers who need this type of quantit- Corn acreage continues to increase, If the expansion of grain corn acreage in Ontario continues at the present rate, it could reach two million acres in 1980. G.A. Fisher, Ontario Minis- try of Agriculture and Food economist in Chatham, says that in the past five years, grain corn acreage bas !nc- reased by 37 per cent to reach an estimated 1.6 million acres in 1977. The 1977 acreage produced the third record- breaking crop in a row - more than 154 million bushels at a record average yield of 96 bushels per acre. Fodder or silage corn acreage bas also increased by 24 per cent, from 700,000 acres in 1973 to 865,000 acres in 1977. ative information to decide on long-term preventive actions and signais to ail Canadians the obvious dangers of smo- king. TRENTWAY TOURS Special To W.W.V.A. JAMBOREE (Wheeling West) (Virginia) Show Stars Tamnimy Wynette Mar. 31to Apr. 2 For details contact: TRENTWAY TOURS P.O. Box 772, Peterborough, Ont. 1K9J 7A2 Phone Toîl Free 1-800-461-7615 The Corporation7 of the Town of Newcastle Appointments are being made to fi positious in Committees and Boards in the Town of Newcastle, to commence duties in 1978. if you are interested in serving in any of the positions listed below, please write, stating your preference, to the undersigned by 12 Noon, February 20th, 1978. Please indicate any qualificat- ions or experience which would be beneficial: Committee of Adlustment Hospital Board Library Board Museum Board Recreation Advisory Committee The Local Architectural Conserv- ation Advisory Committee J.M. Mellroy, A.M.C.T. Town Clerk 40 Temperance Street Bowmanville, Ontario LIC 3A6.