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1.940 OUTBREAK O14` TI'1I\"I` (.2.-`.TEl'LLLA2i';; i"E.\i~'.El) hr The eggs of the forest tent cater-` ; pillar are laid in late summer anc early fall in clusters which com pletely encircle twigs and small; branches. Hatching occurs in thei spring about the time when the` leaves are bursting. The larvae are. dusky brown with ne yellowish ' brown dorsal and lateral stripes and .2. row of key-hole shaped whit spots along the back. They are covered with long brown hairs. When full grown, the larvae meas- ure approximately two inches in length. They enclose themselves in yellowish-white silken cocoons, which _may be seen attached to trees, grass, fence posts, mils, buildings, etc. and emerge in July as moths. The moths have a wing expanse of: one to one and one-quarter inches. They are rusty-red to pale fawn in colour and the forewings have two pale oblique lines bordering a wide dark transverse band. 1 I Articial control of the forest tent.` caterpillar is not practical in for-f _est.s. It is, however, valuable in` checking infestations of shade and. fruit trees and in shelterbelts. If the larvae are few in number and nor-11'r nn .-.~.nI1 L_...._ In - E ' . -`in shape to take her place at work . 1 d B L. ;t should do only light work. Regulai ` exercise is very important; there- fore, bn days when the mare is not Good care is without a doubt the 1 cheapest insurance anyone can use in raising horses, states J. G. Stot- , hart, Division of Animal Husbandry, ( Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa . Attention to little matters will ofter. 1 help raise a stronger foal in the 1 spring, and bring the mare through in the shortest possible time. The brood mare should not be }' used at heavy work or on bad roads `I This does not mean she need be laid off work altogether, but Shfl worked and the weather is suitable,` she should be allowed to exercise in the yard or paddock for a few hours. If at all possible the brood mare should be given box-stall accommo- dation early in the winter. | GIVE GOOD CARE TO THE ` ISROOD MAKE; IT PA`k't5.l_ r Scientic agriculture is still en- ` deavouring to increase those blades. .\f grass, but the intent is now more: _c1eurly directed toward reducing the costs of production and improving. the quality of the product; largeri crops. ner quality, lower costs,; greater prot to the producer. and` a. lower price to the consumer- .these are benets which can be ob- tained only through the result 01 [scientic research and its wise ap- plication to practical affairs." Apple juice in addition to being a. `delightful beverage, has all the food `and health giving qualities of the apple. Apple juice made in Can- ada. is the juice of the fruit only. with no additions or adulterants. ,-.,.__.. ...,u..... \4lll< 1.aL\/\.I ;[ iiu1n2mit.,. i.l"..`ll were l'.Imt:` (`here was too much wheat and fruit} zmd meat, too mueh cotton and wool! zmd rayon being produced. The 1'e:1-. son I.1ie.s<.- prophecies failed nu` Lo .':t`(:I{. During the ycuxs, scientic research ed many doors to increznsed pro-3 (motion. The ancient; hope had been: to make two blades grow where one grew before. Now many blades are. made Lo grow where one grew be-1 (ore and what. is more important. it is now possible in many cases: to save Limit, one blade of grass froml` swift. and merciless destruction 1)); pests and disease. .-.ome-limes saiyizug not last fifty has open- i 1.5 ' ` I A:zu-.1113`. in me 1)`.i0`s.i] r ( I c 1 '1 I' 1 c V t C V k ;.::.1)L:.`21iioz1 \'.xx:s inc1'easim_ ly that; by the 1930's. or Li1CI`C \'n.u1L1 bu u ncnicl E;;.;(l. '1`hcy ;1p;);tu` Lo .-. .. ... .1. ....,AN v recently as the late 1890' prominent scientic men were pressing the View that. the ex- world's I ! -Apple juice is the natural juice? of fresh. ripe apples--liquid fruit- containing all the benecial ele- ments of the apples when picked from the trees. In addition to the] nourishment it contains, apple juice` `is an excellent thirst quencher. It is an unfermented. ne fruit pro- 4..-; : Feeding the brood mare is also} iimportant. Good condition, even tol [the point of laying on some extra. lfat, is ideal, provided she is kept' `well exercised. Good quality hay preferably containing some legumes `and a. grain mixture made up 01' three parts crushed or rolled oatei and one part bran make a good- ration. The amount of grain fed `depends on the size and condition of the mare, one pound of grain for each hundredweight of the animal, being a good average. A Saturday night bran mash is an excellent regulator for the brood mare, and zin fact, all horses. Salt is needed land iodized block salt should be` {kept before the mare at all times.| . Additional potassium iodide for: fthe prevention of joint-ill in the: foal is good for the in-foal mare` but will not replace good care andl recclinb. The potassium iGLlld in . crystal form can be obtained from` ~ any druggist and one-half a tea-, ` spoonful may be dissolved in part? ; of the drinking water or given 1111 l the feed once every ten days until ,foaling. The strength and vigour i l . of the coming foal may depend on, . care of the brood mare. Give her| 3:21 little extra, attention now and; . the effort will give good returns. I .3 In a. recent address on Scientic!| fResearck:, the Key to Progress fAgricult~ure, Dr. J. M. Swaine, Dix; ector, Science Service, Dominion De- partment of Agriulture, said that down through all the history of the` human race, until very recent times `man has had an intermittent feai `of a. food shortage, of famine, anc `of starvation. In most lands, witl" `the exception of a few favoured sec- ' Lions like the Nile Valley and Meso-g ipotamia, the leaders of the people] `and the fathers of the family havei I an nffnn 1:\'r\v-ntvrvnrl h. L .1 .... , A - V .,..,.... nu`. uul: nuc vaucy kulu. 1V.Lb'S0" people Winter feeding. of swine requires` the ha.ve{`m"e care than "_1 Summer_ pmduc'; .50 Often expressed that dread mltion, since the pigs are lorced to the ancient prayer Lord give live and expecte `to thrive undei V` ,`food to eat and clothing to weal._.._!less nn.tura1 COIl(.:tlC>l1S and WlthOu`; ` 1890.5 ' the variety of feeds which are avail-j 5 . . . |able in the summer. According tr` prominent scientic ex-vp _ _ _ _ .y_. . . ' \vo1`1d's{ Jmmd B Fmsel Dnmon 01 Am.` . . e . _ vnml Husbandry. Central Expcrimen-I _..-<,pi:::uiui1 v. .x.~; l1l(,'1`U2lSLl1`a` so 1';.;iid-I , , , , , , ml Farm, OLt.'-l\\'8., success in thr- iy Lliut, my the 19.30 s, or tne1`eab0uL.;. _ . , _ _ u {U1 \ H L 1 Q , `I, tecciiiig oi 1:111 litters depends large-g ll ` ` 3' L `U i .\ Jl A .:ulx.`2'LL!_J.. L , _ , 1;,-' on special aLtei'ition to several? :--in. L.) hzivc he-;:i1=` . . ,_ V e e, . npoints in management, and fee-unig \;i_\ nil...) Cl)l1C(.`l'!lC`E1 about the mu; , , , U ,. , . i In brief, they are: Exercise in L111` ii 1.0 _ _ ` early smges of growih; sleepiii-_= quarters which are \vm'm, dry, ant free from draughts, and the use of suitable feeds and care in feed- ing the pigs. u.LLl.l1y_ 1J`.i0`s.= is I SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH I KEY TO AGRICULTURE ` "n y_ Exercise for - `Qeccssity and J, pigs are being ying. Heavy f `I . . . . V growing pigs is 21 _"i\ecc.ssity especially so if the forced by heavy feed- , ing. feeding without exer- Lfcise is conducive to crippling. The 9 Wise feeder. therefore, makes sLu`e .! that he provides sufcient pen space -,;for the winter-fed pigs so that they 5 c:m exercise freely. I ` This bulletin is issued with the -l. of informing the public as "to the activities of the Bacon Board Ito date. The Board and its Advisory Com- mittee were appointed by the Gov- ernment; on Dec. 20th last to imple- ment; the terms of the agreement made with the United Kingdom Government for delivery to the Brit- ish Ministry of Food of 5,600,000 lbs of bacon weekly, and such addition- al quantities as may be required lThe contract price is $20.18 per one `hundred and twelve pounds, equival- -ent to $18.01 per one hundred pounds f.o.b. port of export, for Grade A. Wiltshires and relative . prices for B Grade and the various ; cuts, as provided for in a schedule ,'of prices included in the agreement. 1 The contract price is retroactive to , include all bacon arriving in Eng- : land from NOV. 17, 1939, to Oct. 31, . 1946. I Dcpuculu i Proper feeding is perhaps the 'duction most important item in successfu _bushels. winter raising of pigs. It is essen- tial not only to supply a suitable feed mixture. but also exercise care It is in feeding it. Any attempt to force truth the winter pigs is courting disastemvithout l Housing accommodation for the jwinter-fed pigs need not be elaborate but dry, reasonably warm quarters 'should be provided. If the barn is fairly warm. sleeping accommoda- {tion may consist of a bed formed` by boarding off a. dry corner of the` `pen. A good supply of dry straw` ishould ge kept in the bed. In a: ;cold. draughty barn it is advisable] `to construct a covered sleeping! berth. This may be built about: three feet high. covered with boards and straw, and just large enougl`. I. in area. to accommodate the pig: comfortably. Periodically the forest tent cater- pillar has appeared in the Prairie Provinces in huge numbers, and it is feared that there will be anothez outbreak in many localities in the Prairie Provinces in 1940. This in- _sect is a. pest of forest, shade. shelterbelt and fruit trees. The` value of shelterbelts in the protec-` 5.1.... .. . . A , . . . . . _ ...11-. ... .1... ._._i' . Early in December, the British Ministry of Food, having completed lits organization for supplies, urgent- ly requested that the board take `over responsibility at the earnest possible time. The Bacon Board in `response advised that they would !ports commencing the week of Jan 0: assume control as for shipments ex' Activities of the Board Briey, the chief duties of the ` board are as follows: To ensure reg- ular supplies of bacon as required: to arrange price differentials be- tween grades so as to ensure main- tenance of pre-war quality as specied by the agreement; to regu- Hate marketings to the extent neces Isary to ensure that export; require- ` lments will be available; to storci` {product in order to supplement sup-` I ply in seasons when current mar- {ketings are inadequate; to see that hog prices bear a fair relation tol `the agreed price for bacon and to: `create a fund out of returns on ex-' lports Curing ensuing months from :which to support hog and bacon} `prices later in the year (advances ini `the price of bacon to be reectedi `In the price paid for hogs) and to Ipay storage charges. It is the pol-; Icy of the Government that apart: `from administration costs, the `pro-' E ject shall be self-supporting. I! \ 5 Price Payment Basis Accordingly, and in order to meetl ~the request of the British Ministry :0! Food to expedite matters, the iboard on Dec. 22 last advised the iexporting packers that commencing] with exports during the week of Jan. 20 the following price schedule iWinter Pig Feeding i Exercise Important; Bacon Board Bulletin The Barrie Advance and, therefore, it is advisable to feed only what the pigs will readily eat. The feeding of a wel1-balancec , ration is particularly important. Thr 'co-arse grains, oats and barley. can -jbe the basis of the feed mixture riwheat and mill feeds may also be . 5 used advmitageously. A proteir. . I supplement is essential in order tc F stimulate growth and make the .`cheapest gains. Skim-milk and but- ltermilk are ideal for this purpose Feed two to four pounds with each pound of meal mixture. Other good protein supplements are tankage, sh meal, and mixed protein con- . cciitrates. Minerals, too. should not be for- -gotten. A simple mineral mixture which will supply most of the es- sential elements can be made at home. Since it is not possible to supply grass and other green feed in winter, roots and small amounts of alfalfa or clover hay will prove useful. It is not suggested to use roots and hay as the main feeds, wise balanced 3` 1-.1___.u, _,, -, .- ration. I but only as supplements to an other- .- I I I I I I | I { Barley production in Canada for `I939 according to the second official `estimate. is now placed at 103,226.- 000 bushels. an increase of 4,017,000 bushels over the estimate made in September, 1939. The barley pro- in 1938 was 102,242,000 for bacon deliveries at seaboard would obtain for the grades re- quired under the contract: ~ w . . V . . V . -. . \.-rvA\.lAA- x information on feed mix-I tures, cheap, eicient mineral mix-] tures, and advice on feeding and management of swine are available `on application to the Division 01 Animal Husbandry, Central Experi- ` mental Farm, Ottawa, or to the `nearest Dominion Experimental Sta- 4 A I tion. I I A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 Light; Sizeable Heavy Under 55-65 65 lbs. 55 lbs. lbs. up . .$17.50 $17.70 $17.30 .. 17.10 17.30 16.90 16.70 16.90 16.50 17.10 17.30 16.90 16.30 16.50 16.16 . 15.50 15.70 15.36 The grade requirements are strict- ly in conformity, and the structure in price accordance with the hog grading policy of the Depart- ment of Agriculture and the nor- mal pre~war trade differentials ob- taining market. in the It is recognized as a first United Kingdom essential that quality and payment on a graded basis must be main- u... tained and safeguarded so that when ` l 1 . Farm News -...-.-.... ...--_. .....-v........s.u.u. uu wuuv Wain`: the war is over, Canada. will be ' more strongly than ever entrench- ed in the British market. Prices paid for bacon seaboard are there- fore, as noted, on a. basis of weight, grade and selection. I It was estimated that the schedulele of graded `prices as established,` would work out at an average pricelF of $17.29, with each lot, however.: paid for at a price as shown in the C schedule in accordance with weight,`'] grade and selection. The gure set '1` is an estimated average, subject tc ( change. since the price paid by tht t British Ministry is approximately [9 $18.01 per hundred pounds of bacor F f.o.b. seaboard, a price of $17.29 T leaves the board approximately '72: *3 per hundred pounds margin on pres- ` `- ent shipments. This margin will Eenable the board to accumulate! funds from which to advance the `price of bacon and hogs later in- Ithe season, and to pay storage costs` on bacon supplies held to augment the short hog runs of midsummer.`: fsince the policy of the board is to `ensure that the price of bacon at Iseznboard shall be in fair relation` ito the price of hogs, advances de-. icided upon for the various grades of |bacon as based on an increase in` ;the average price, should be reflect- led in the price paid for hogs. I L, . ... . , nu--- , i Close check will be made of thc'} Iactual cost by packing plants across! I Canada, of all hogs purchased each] `Week in relation to the price paid by the board for bacon. These com- parisons will enable the board tc determine whether hog prices are in line and will represent a basis [for such action in regard to hog prices as may be found advisable. _ SINCERITY the genius of sincerity, and accomplishes no victories it.--Layton. Selecting And Mating I |Poultry Breeding Stock I I The mat of the year marks the `early mating season and the poul-' ' `tryman. with en eye to the 1m-! iprovement of his ock, will selectlg -only birds that promise to repro-la` 'duce good quality chicks, states W.; T. Scott, Head Poultryman, Domln-in lion Experimental Station, Harrow,` lont. The natural law that like' tends to produce like will be his lguide. Therefore, some history of performances of both male and fe- male to be used in the matings may? be valuable indications of what he may expect in the progeny. . Q Mature birds, that have proved by their ability to produce a large number of eggs. will be given the ,rst consideration. Pullets and` Icockerels of unknown quality will be avoided as far as possible. De-. gfects may not appear in young par- _ 'ents when used as breeding stock `until after their eggs have been` iused for hatching. with these dc. [feats already transmitted to their loffsprlng, it may be too late to cor-' lrect the damage. Selection, con- ned as far as possible to mature `birds will help to develop and x HON; G. H. FERGUSON who presided at the annual meeting of the Crown Life In- surance Company and reviewed the striking gains made by the company in 1939. CROWN LIFE HALF the fun of taking snap- shots at night is in working nut novel lighting effects. You don't need :1 lot of lightiurz, vquipinent, wither. Two photo bulbs in card- board reflectors, and a light-toned wall for a. bacl{ground--tbese `nablc you to evolve numerous in- teresting lightings that. add value :0 your pictures. The diagrams below show how you change the position of your lights to obtain different effects. S stands for subject, C for camera. and B for background. The number l indicates a No. 1 photo bulb in ardboard reilectm`, and 2 indicates .1 No. 2 bulb. These two bulbs, when in reectors, are sufficient for box-camera snapshots on high -upeed lm. AI- Inc; 2-..; __..... :A A1,, A again . laundry , , _.- -... .4. nu auu occur on small trees, brooms or brushes may be used to destroy the caterpillars when they are clustered on the tree trunks. If present great numbers or on large spraying is more effective. senical spray composed lAL|yuL ir. An ar- of twe- trees I `pounds of lead arsenate and 40 gal-J _ions of water, applied when the leai' ;buds are beginning to burst and when the leaves are almost? fully formed will yield eilcctive con- trol. If smaller quantities of spray` are suicient, the following formula may be used: ve level tablespoon- fuls oi arscnate lead and foul gallons of water. Another spi'uy which yields excellent results if ap- plied properly consists oi : pint of nicotine sulphate, 1' oi` of a mi laundry soap and 40 gallons oi water. For small infestations, tin: spray may be mixed in the follow- ing proportions: 9 level tea.spooni'uls oi nicotine sulphate, 1'6 pound oi soap and 4 gallons 0.1 Water. This spray kills by coming, in Contact with the insect so that care should be observed in seeing Prat the insects themselves are struck by the spray. It acts faster than arsenatc of lead and thereby has the advantage oi` redncim; the amount of defoliation to it minimum. I`he cost or arsenate of lead is less than the cost of nicotine sulphate. The amount of spraying to be done and the Value of the trees to be protected will therefore determine the choice of spray to be used. .:,.L..n..A :.-r.__..___;:__, 1 :...... pound.-L _ I\.\4\A nun. At left. first row, is the regular 15-degree lighting. Center, a more Cr'~eSNAPHOT GUILD FUN WITH LIGHT EFFECTS _ j ...... . I$w . ;mwvqamz:mmw &@! are, all the light comes from the right. Try different lighting effects uvith a subject such as this. Use the diagrams below as guides in placing your photo lights. PRESIDENT z`oKaccaJ_ur LIKE . the essential characters, vitality and fecundity. Without these essentials :no poultry ock can be protable. Though inuenced to some extent `by feeding and environment. the `size of the eggs laid by the pullets -is a. character inherited from their ! parents; therefore, only hens that -have laid large eggs of good shape `and colour should be used in the imatings. m`AI\ .._.__....L........ Pk` II IIl\l\l` -nah: lam; l.........5... E The importance of 9. good male .cannot be overestimated. H15 in- uence for good or bad will account -for more than half the results ob- tained. He should be selected for `outstanding vigour and courage with `due consideration to the perform- ance of his immediate family. If his `sisters and mother have shown high production, he may transmit. this desirable character to his daugh- Iters. A good male may improve the standard of the whole ock. The results from the use of a scrub imale will be scrubs. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1940. Life Insurance Company, who` I ? reported new policies issued and cash income as tl'\e highest in the history of the company. General Manager of the C1`( dramatic effect, with one light di- rected on the hztekground. Riglit, a still more strikin,<. effect. with a. light on the Slll)j(3('[ from either side. St`('O11(l row. left, a silhouette effect, with one light behind tlm subject and turned toward the wall.- Ceuter, l)a(:kligl1ti11g, with 21 light to the right hr.-hind the s11l)jo(:t. Note SI1i0l( X" Wlli(`ll keeps light from shining into the (-.z1ine1'a lens At right, hztl0" lighting, with uue light, behind the subject, shining through the hair. In t:1l these shots, keep the lights the right distance. from the subject, and don't let them shine into the caniem lens. You should then get good pict11res--axid you'll find that careful al'l`:lIl,'.`01n()HL of llgrhts will make them more intense- ly interesting. 267 John van Guilder CROWN LIFE MANAGER H. R. STEPHENSON ,_ ,.... .. Kl\l \.cn.r\4k|. More detailed information on the life history, habits and methods 0!` controlling the forest, tent cater- pillar will be supplied upon request by the Dominion Entomological La- boratory, Indian Head. Saskatche- -..._..v .. ....... ....... ..- nu. y.uuu\.-. .1:lon of crops, especially in drought: areas is becoming thoroughly real-1 ized by prairie farmers. The need for increased production in connec-- tion with the emergencies arising out of the present; war greatly en-. bances the importance of protect- ing trees and shelterbelts against the ravages of insects. `break in 1940 exists, at the present regions of the prairie-parkland belt The cause of the fear of an out- Ltme, in the eastern and northern in Saskatchewan in the form of localized infestations at St. Hubert! Mission, Melville, Nut Mountain?-1 -Sub Rosa, Melfort and Tisdale, and t at Courval Saskatchewan, southwest`; .11 an--...._ 'v___ r-r..u__,, ,,. _ 7 7 ,.._ .._._.-.. ...... ....-, ...,......u \tv\ of Moose Jaw. Unless natural fac- tors become more effective againsi` this pest, the present outbreak willl no doubt assume much greater pro- -portions during the coming season with the result that considerable defoliation of shelterbelt and shade` V crees in certain areas may be ex-! pected. .