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~anadinu Jt.att$ttU\tt. FRIDAY, MAY U . 1886. G RA I N ' · THE FARM. The Potato Rot.- Its Oause and Remedies. The use of the mlcreeoope In the fields of scientific resea.rch has revi>aled much that is of Jmporta.nce to man, M any forms of dlaeaee, abont whose origin little was known, ha.ve ha.d much , llgb.t shed upon them alnce thlu instrument wae employe<I in their study, both awmig animals and plants, We find now that man ls constantly lashed by Invisible foeo-oome attack· Ing Wmeelf and otlJ ers the food which he eats. Dnring the past u im mer and fall a ehikinli( example of this ocourred In the prevalence of tbe ao-os.llod "potato rot," which has proved a great lose throughout the Province and In many parts of the United States, In the bulletin iasuea in November from t he Bnrea.u of Industries, we lear n that the "rot " prevailed t hrough the whole southern belt of the Provines. In m:my oases one-half to three-fourths of the crop was destroyed, a.nd In some it was not; worth digging, With such disaster , a.round ue, the q uestlons are naturally eug· geatea, What iH the ca.use of the " rot"? and, \\' hat remedies oan be adopted ? Gause. - Tbls disease baa received a great deal of attention from bot11onla~a eincu the da.ys when It became a scourge in Ireland and other :i:arts of the British !Illes, and it la now oonoeded to be the result ol a minute fungus called Plv11tophthora infestans. This a.ttaoka all p"'rts of the plantleaf, etem and tubers. By those Ignorant of the life history of this tiny paraeltlc plant little attention ls paid to Its appeiuance on the tops, and no ala.rm ill experienced un· tll the pota.tees are affected, But being very conta.glons, its presence on the lea.vee should become a zerlous matter, especia.lly when we remember t hat It spreads wlt a great npidlty, It IB usu11.lly lndic11.ted by the tops presenting a. blotched, brownisn, spotted, d e11.d appearance. A close exam· ination of the potatoes showing thb will discover innumerable slender stems i;crowlng up out of the surface of the leaves and stems of the afleoted plants. These branch and swell out at the ends Into pear-shaped minute bodies (epores), whloh a.re produced by millions. When ripe they septrate from the stem and being exceedingly light pa.as into the atmosphere, where they are wafted about, ma.ny of them finally re11ch· ing the ground or rcttling upon plimts. Under fa vourable conditions of moisture and heat the contents of a. microscopic spore may push out a long minute tube, whloh can penetrate Into any' part of the potato pla.nt and give i-lse te t ho fungus ; or may separate · into several distinct , portions (swarm spores) whioh burst through the epore-wall and become the souroe of the pa.ra.sltic plant, The m11oture p lant which lives in the tops and tubers Is very minute, and oan be seen only by the aid of the microscepe, It conalsta of many oolourleas, branchlnll, thr9ad·like s tructures. These penetrate the tlseueu of the potato and foed upon the juf,cee, so that it soon weakens and begins to wa.ste a.way, Frllm the thread-like strnctures tiny stalks a.Jise, assuming beautiful plant-like forme and bearing ui;on their branches the spores al· re!l.dy referred to. They live but a short time, but the thread-like structure l.e perennia.l a.nd hudy, a.nd from fragments of it new fungi may a rise. It Is s&.id Ly mome that a.noLher kind of spore la produced which 011.n winter, and thus give rho to t he orga.n!em in another season, These are tho so-m1lltd resting spores, apparent· ly for the pm·pose of keeping the specioa over certain periods, while the spores alr eady considered ar e produced rapidly so as to hasten the epread of the fung us under favourable conditions, T hb minute mi· croscop!o plant la certainly a low form of vegetable life, incapa.ble of manufaotnring food from the mineral kingdom, but fastening upon other plants and feeding up· on their j uiees, A wet saason supplies conditions well adapted for its development, and hence we find the " rot " associated with such v; eathsr. There Is no doubt that many spores are always more or less present, bnt they are prevented from being a source of trouble because the weather le not euited for thelr growth. RemedieB .- The "rot " Ubually appears about the first two weeks in August, a.nd U tbe weather la favourable Its spread 18 very rapid; for a.11 aoon a.a the thread-like structure which a.rises from the spore is developed it immediately becomes apore·bearlng, Henoe t he importance of examining the plants for the appearance flf the brownish epota tha.t indlca.te the presence of the fungus, 1. As soon as discovered, dig the pota.toes, Delay will allow it to spread to the stems, and thence to the tubers, If It reaches these and damp weat her comes, " r ot " will certainly appe11.r, · 2. After digging, the potatoes ahonld be put in a cool, dry place, thus surrounding ~hem with condhlons unfavourable for, the growth of the fungus, if a.ny happens to ba upon them. 3. Growing early va.rletles la worthy of considerat ion, so that they may mature he· fore the season e.rrives when this parasite is likely to affect the crop. 4. All potato otalks in affected lands should be gathered and burned, so a.s t o deatroy the millions ef spore!! whfoh may be upon them, , 5. Use none but good seed, If at all af· feoted , reject them ; and plant in well· drained land. If ,the potatoes to bo used for aeei have been taken from cellara where 11:ffected ones were kept, they are, likely to have the microscopic sporea on them and escape notice, It wonld be best ta get seed from unr.ffected alatl'icts. 6. H 15 sca.rcely necesaary to remark t hat it would be bi judiclous to plant potatoes In the same rield tbe following year aftn a visitation of the " rot," Inasmuch as the ground may retain the germs of t he dleoaee, 7. Avoid planting upon heavy clay soil, but prefer a light and dry soil, This presents the fewest conditions suitable for t he growth of t he fungus, The nature of our ollmate b not sc fa. vourable for the development of this injuriouo fungus a.a tha.t of Brita.In ; yet as we are sometimes visited by it, and although acarcelv viewed as a. scourge, it ls well that we should r emember its nature and ha.hits and always be rea.dy .to g uald against failure If It appears, As last aummer was favourable for its propagation, great care should be exercised in the aeleotion of eeed this aprlng.- By J , Hoyes Panton M, A. Jno. McMurtry & Co. .A.re prepared to pay the highest prices for all kinds of Grain delivered at the Wharf or their Stor e House in town. Col\ISJIPATJON Pianos Tuned and Repaired. ARTIES WISHING THEmPIANDS P Tuned or repaired can haTe t hem attended o by lee.ving word at the DoMJNlON ORGAN Co's 0Fll'IOE, Bowman ville. 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