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Addreti communications to Aaionumlst. 73 Adelaida 5t. West. Toronto cream on the B:ibrock test, especia'ly where he ships his cream, can make more money by ckimming to produce heavy, high-testing cream. The Children'* Hour. How such a roly-poly little girl coul<l run about all the time was a THE SUNDAY SCHOOL Types and Principle* of PiuKcr Construction. A consiiitratior, of types and prin-; eiplcs of piggery construction brings up a classification of swine growers, roughly as follows: 1. The farmer who keeps two or. three sows, and from which class comts the great part of Canada's hogs; 2. the farmer who specializes little more in swine growing, keep- , Ing five to six brood sows and a boar;' 8. the out and out hog-man who (foes in for hops exclusively, keeping thirty, forty, fifty or more brood BOWS and working, as closely as possiuk, tOj the two-litter-a-year plan. There arei few in this class. Considering, briefly, the types of building? required for the above classification the following basic prin- ciples must apply to all: 1. Economy. No business can op- erute efficiently with too much over- head expense. Pork production oper- ates on a close margin of profit. In th3 main, comparatively cheap build- I; ,-s are advisable, not only on account of low cost, but because they are best 3! rvvise. 2. Dryness and good ventilation. ". '3C must be obtained in some way. Pt< sibly no farm building is more dif- fli-i it to ventilate than a piggery, and' no animal requires fresh dry air and quarters more than a hog. The man who keeps two or three ows needs few, if any, special build- Ings. His SOA-S are wintered in low, traw-covered sheds or shelters ad- jacent to the barnyard. They sum- mer on pasture with a cheap lean-to or cabin for shelter. Two main re-; quisites are automatically acquired: fresh air and dry juartcrs and exer- cis. At farrowing time a box stall la usually available. If the litter comes early, such quarters usually prove sufficiently warm for the little pigs. These, after weaning, may be fattened on pasture or in a paddock' or dry lot with a cheap shelter, or, if j Indoor feeding is preferred, in a shed or empty building improvised for the purpose. This may sound like make- shift practice. The fact remains thatj not one cent more than is absolutely necessary should !>c expended in hog- equipment. Consider the case of the next class the man who keeps five or six sows. His breeding stock should be handled as in the foregoing. The essential building is for farrowing his sows. If his sows farrow all about the same time and if he plans for fall litters early enough for successful winter feeding, he must have heated quar-l tcrs; in other words, a building all or part of which is wurmly built and therefore a comparatively expensive! structure. Generally speaking, the' best arrangement, nuikns possible the cloning off of two or three pens next' to the feed room, where a heater mayj be installed. This portion of the 1 building must be double boarded and tightly cc-iled and with a ventilation system. Cement is excellent in the! main, but the farrowing pen floor] must be of wood, or cement covered with plank. A drainage pystem must be provided to ensure drynesa. Forj the balance of the building excellent results have been obtained by mak-; ing use of single board walls, a slat- ted ceiling covered with straw, earth (livors and a floored sedion over which is built n low, straw -covered ulre/iing berth. Such quarters are ex-, re'.'ent for young weaned pigs or for' ' 'lening hogs at any time of the y ir. Ventilation is automatic. Thei expensive construction is limited to I where it is really essential. The bal- ance is of cheap construction. Plans of piggeries of this typo may be ob- tained from the Animal Husbandry Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. The extensive hog-man needs spe- cial buildings. Nevertheless, he must strictly follow economy in construe-, tlon. Expensive or comparatively ex-! pensive construction is required only! for furrowing quarters. Open sheds ] with straw-covered slwping quarters have proven excellent for winter fat- tening of hogs. The straw-loft, earth- 1 floor, enclos4rherth type of building nuikes an excellent and comparatively cheap structure which embodies all of the essentials and which is useful for every class of hog, with the possible exceptions of the wirly farrowing sow and the sow during the gestation per- iod. The cheap, portable cabin is a building much in deman<l on the big hog farm, both in winter and mim- m*r. Plans of the larger types of piggeries may bo secured from the source already mentioned. Keep the ('hicks (irnwiuir. We have often noticed n serious setback in growing chicks if the proper ration is not provide! at the time the chicks are able to range about and begin to hunt for them- selves -too often at this time the feed necessary for thoir quick development Is withheld. This is when we bring our chick elf-feeders into their greatest use and provide a good mnsh that will aesist the fowls in growing a good frame, plenty of plumage, and keep them in active working order. When the chicks weigh about n pound apiece and jimt. at the time they are passing through the broiler stage, they require good deal of feed, yet nothing ex- truordinary in comparison to the am- ount that would be required to bring them to maturity, and the feed should be of such a nature that will keep them growing rapidly. Meatscrap in the ration is one of the essential feeds that will keep the chicks in good order and since this feed is generally high in price, justj enough should be fed to provide the : chicks with the necessary amount. Asj near as we can tell, we believe that a ration of two parts corn, three parts bran, one part meatscrap by weight, supplies this requirement. The chicks ought to have cracked corn in addi-, tion as scratch feed, as the use of the scratch feed will require less of thei mash, which is really the expensive part of the ration. By the time the cockerels are two, pounds they should be marketed for broilers and attention given to the de- velopment of the pullets. The same| ration should continue throughout the growing season, we believe, but, of course, should be changed some near| the time the pullets begin to lay. A good deal of labor and trouble. may be saved by providing a large . self-feeder with the mash, where the) growing fowls may get it whenever] they wish. We use a feeder that will hold about ten bushels and have the ration mixed by the feed dealers. In this way we can handle several thou- sand chivjcs easily in the growing sea- son. To supply water, one of the easiest means is to secure a par. about three feet in diameter ami install one of the old-fashioned floats that were so com-| mon in our barnyard watering troughs.! This may be attached to a pressure, system or gravity system and will, of j course, allow water to come in as fast! as removed. In this manner if the pan is in a protected place, the water! will not become hot, and fresh water! is supplied at all times without any ; necessary attention. A device like this works well on an electric pump,! such as is being installed with the farm lighting system. A good building is as essential dur- ing the summer time as during the fal'/ias t.h>j pullets need protection, from ' the cold rains and a clean, well-ven-j tillated place to roost. Young pullets that are accustomed to a good house will not stand around under bushes on rainy days and lower their vital- ity, which really impairs them as winter layers. JUNE 23. Rev 21 IXCV. 1. /" In the first place the farmer th;it wonder. But Laura simply could not skims to produce a high-testing cre^m sit still for long. That was why <hc will keep more skim-milk o-n t'ie farm, loved her bean bag better than her thus saving the transportation dolls. She had to be careful not to charges and the skim-milk at tho same break the dolls, and they always sat TJie Social Task of the Church (Review). Golden Text time. For example, if a farmer sells about very quietly, anyway. But the a hundred pounds of butterfat in bean bag! She could toss that up into cream and receives thirty dullar.i for the air and run to catch it; and if she T ne preat central truth which has ; others he will never lose the sense of it and it came from cream testing did miss it, it did not matter. It was been before us in all the lersons of comradeship. He will regard healthy twenty per cent, he would have to almost more fun to do that, and see the quarter is that the Christian law | and honcrable rivalry as a form of ship six ten-gallon cans to hold the it fall down in a little heap. of love is the law of our common hu- ! co-operation, in business as on the five hundred pounds of cream. He Besides that it reallv was a very man iife - li is the law of livrin ^ to ' j sporting field. He will play the game would have to pay the transportation nice bean bag It had a blue-and- 8S?J , ^V^l T^T"?,* ^ V - e> \ ^ P ! ? y !t / airl >' and Justly .,, , t' ,T,Jr,,.\ r ,! God is love, and he that dwelleth in! We have earned also that the fol- rhaiKcs on four hundred pounds of w h,le-checked gingham cover just , ove dwe]!eth ' ir) GC(] atu , God in him." lower of Jesus Christ will be interest- skim-milk besides losing the skim- i,k c one of Laura's rompers. And it The lifc am , ministry of Jesu3 Christ- ed and active in all efforts to make the milk worth fty cents per hundred was full of smooth, round, white was at the same time a revelation of home, the neighborhood, the business pounds. However, if this farmer beans; Laura knew, because she had God and a revelation of love. He community and the whole world better, would skim so as to produce a heavy seen mother put them in, and then sew loved us and gave Himself for us. j Not superficially or carel-e&aly, but as cream testing forty per cent, he U p the corner of the bag. And even The Christian who believes in Christ, a diligent and earnest student he will would receive the same amount though the bears were out of sight w ' 10 seeks to follow Christ, who takes look upon the social and economic (thirty dollars) for the one hundred now she could feel them through the S**5 as j is . exam P ] ? ani1 Meal, will movements cf his time. He will not pounds of butterfat contained, but e ineham and cf course thev must erefore , desire , ^> bc governed by be a mere partison, or blind followsr wniil/t ,nvi> to shin onlv tlir^P ten , -if v ' V. must the same law of love. Love will be of some social creed. He will be will- \\ouui nave to snip oniy uiree leu- utill t>p nut us wnitp u i_* * i_- i-* i . * > i ....... , . , bLU1 * J usl a Lle - his world, his inspiration, his life. ing to learn, even if learning some- gallcn cans to hold the two hundred and fifty pounds of cream. He would thus save two hundred and fifty pounds of skim-milk worth $1.25, be- sides the transportation charges on the same two hundred and fifty One day Laura's mother ing her to play with the Suddenly she cried: "0 Laura, this bean bag is getting! worn out! We'll have t pounds. ; other-" Aside from the saving of skim-milk' ' No > help-' j times compels a chcnge of view. Wfiat bag. "I E iy to thee, do thou repeat : is true, and just, and right he will To the first man whom thou dost : always be seeking; what is false only meet, w ill he In lane, hiehwav, or open street, , grid *>|t ni&n move ' TI.... ; s no limitation in the plan of and transportation charges, the pro- :^JT'. : Aa broad as thc Wue ky above -" s3P%s?iSiirw5JS hrad - " T * n 't want an ther The Christian whose life is thus of multitudes of men, "oid things are uuc ^^^ifleas even v/ith the wolrd. All that has to ducer of heavy or thick cream saves mother; I want to keep this one!" in two other ways: First, he has less That ver y dav ** bean ba * >ught cream to cool and handle, thus saving * sharp twig that stuck out of the ;,.* ^ lrue an(J gt Qne time and labor; secondly, his thick P*^ tr f m the F*JM Laura who , oves He wil , desire to bfi tnje cream can be kept in better condition had to stand n ^'^ and P" 11 and that so he may speak truth, to be w ! "'^PPear and in its place ther| and he will receive a better price for P to get ,t down. At ast the twig .tronjf that he may help the weak, to appear a ew worU beauty ful witj it at thc creamerv ' *ave way, and the bag tumbled into be good that he may do good. And tne Ikene 33 of Paradise, ilus yiwon m inc creamerj. rhri.tian mar ,,,ui .At f r >,; ' granted to St. John so many centuried If a thick cream- wil, net the pro.; herjund^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^e aris^nmar. will^for him-^ o .^ m ^^ purp?se ducer more he had better adjust the cream screw properly in the first place and then pay attention to these other factors that cause the separator to cou > d catch m , m >..i !._ ~..1J deliver a thick, high-testing cream or a thin, low-testing cream. goo , the Church. to neaun, arm Knowledge, and irienUslup, i "" ."".'.^'u'." k - !' y m . S ^t r fafC* tVi'it" (.VlA VL i c en to cVin *"^* rCt rtVit 1( J 11 , iillil \VOl*lC 1H \VniOtl 06 < % *. T3" J. .' c i 1 1 j t . IIL \\ tut alii c : i n . _ , . , tu^ Hn np n n P*11*t n. M ^ it IS in i l(*li 1 may exerc'.se his powers everything. : *S L ii TJ i. , indeed whit-h nnV fr,r a full and and ^V b >" da >" tne marshalled hc.^ But she could not quite reach him; ^Ximd^appy iS. He wiH 'avS f the Christian army seek to sec,-,, so as he flew along she ran after him, t h e habits and indulgences which are that for whlch they pray ' holding her bean bag tight; she did hurtful, the recreations that debase,! Lest by reason of the slow maf-;v- not mean to lose that. But she did and the work which is destructive of ing of God's plans, we grow sceptical not see a little three-cornered tear character and honor. He will not seek of the success of the program and set- in the gingham cover of the bag a wealth at the expense of a good con- tie down to be content with things as tear just large enough to let a bean [ sci :e, nor success by dishonest they are let us notice that hrst named slip through nicely. i mca n JL' , A1 ^ a >' 8 ', while seeking what fng*"* (hc ~ e who shall have no^part Teach the an early stubborn the animals are strong. If each heifer i over the soft earth in the garden that itself, if by so doing ... f has a halter she will be easier to Laura's father had been digging up to' others to greater good. , they doubted they were not prepared handle in the pasture lot and soon] plant it with little brown seeds. I _The Christian will be a worker, to give themselves heartily to serving learn that a tug on the halter means to follow. If a farmer needs his skim-milk and . , At last the butterfly rose higher/ Christ Ilims-lf, hcth in the carpenter's those high plans. They have their and flew away altogether. Laura era " *nd Hi* later ministry, was a part "m the lake which burneth ' " stood stil, for a moment; she 5? lives in a section where farmers are i very much to cry. | The pos?e;sion of wcalth can be to That m Jans not only believing it with selling milk, he can often build up a; [Jut then she had her bean bag! him no CXC use for idleness. He will one's mind, but ''flingim? ourselves and good butter trade in his own neigh- Why, what what was the matter? j find happiness, health, and true nobil- j our energies after our belief.' 1 Diffi- borhood. There are a lot of farmers j The bag was not round or fat or heavy ity in labor. Moreover he will gladly , cult as the task may be, let us re- that buy all their butter and it is, any more. It was just an old ging- learn to work with others, recogniz- , member that "all power" has been true that many farmers owning herds; ham bag, quite empty. Where had ing their tasks important and honor-: committed to the Saviour of the world, cr instead of I all the pretty white beans gone to? *Wc as his own. He will find firm and r and that W!th H.s Father, who is our Heavy or Light Cream? Comparatively few owners of cream, separators understand the proper ad-i justment of the cream screw, to say; nothing of the adjustment of the rest of the machine. The r ream screw is intended to con- trol the consistency of the cream thatj the separator delivers. However, thisj screw does not, as is generally sup-i posed, regulate the efficiency of skim- ming. The machine will, as a rule,) skim just as clean when delivering ai heavy, high-testing cream as it will when skimming a thin low-testing cream. The cream screw should be TO adjusted that it will deliver a heavy thick cream unless the owner is sell- ing the cream by the quart. If the owner is selling by the volume, he should h;ivc his separator adjusted so that it will deliver cream as near the requirement as possible because at this point it will net him the moat profit. Once the cream screw is ad- justed to the proper place, the owner naturally concludes that all the cream skimmed will test the same, or nearly the same. Consequently when the cheque arrives for his shipment of cream and he finds that it did not test nearly as high as the previous ship- ment, he wonders why. Usually he blames the consignee and says the cream was not properly tested. Suv.h misunderstandings resulting in the cream producer accusing the dealer of improper testing can often bej avoided if the owner of a separator, knows that a number of factors other than the adjustment of the cream! screw will cause a variation in the! test of the cream delivered. A few of the fuctors that cause thin cream to bo delivered from the sep- arator, other than the adjusting of the cream screw, are: 1. Skimming the milk when it is excessively warm. '2. Running the speed of the separ- ator bowl too low. 3. Forcing the milk through the separator too rapidly. 4. Flushing the separator bowl out with large amounts of skim-milk or warm water, and permitting the v-re-am delivered from these flushings to mix with the other cream. 5: Skimming a low-testing rrilk. On the other hand, some of the fac- tors causing a heavy cream to be de- livered, when tho cream screw is not tampered with, are: 1. Skimming cold milk. 2. Increasing the speed of the sep- arator l>owl. 3. Reducing the flow of milk into the separator bowl. 4. Not putting the bowl flushing!) in the cnvam can. f>. Skimming a richer milk. These factors arc the most import- ant ones that cause the variation in the test of the cream delivered from the separator. It is oasy to conclude that both tho heavy mid the light mam have their market. Which is b^.st for the average farmer'.' Any person that is selling of cows really eat butter oleo. This gives the butter producer a lot of skim-milk for poulry and stock feeding ami u nearby outlet for the butter. . Laura ran to mother as fast as she J* comradeship and brotherhood in , Father and our Helper, all tmng are could, for now she really was cry"")?;! and while she ran the sky, too, began. labor. Even in competition with possible.' to cry shedding great swift' drops.! Laura; "I'd rather have my own old; teeted early in the season they should Cows that freshen in the fall show! Mother saw Laura coming; she ran': bean bag!" | be destroyed to prevent further de- a great increase in milk flow in the out, picked her up in her arms and But mother only said, "Come in-; foliation of tha tree. If they are within convenient reach they can be torn out spring when placed on pasture. This ; hurried back %> the porch with her.!^ now, Laura.' helps to keep up production until time As soon as they 'were under the porch i II rained all that mght artd all the; and the larvae crushed on the ground, for the cows to dry up. Cows that 'roof Uura.^ft"d': ncxt ^X. and the w" 1 " 16 t!a >' after or burned. Then an examination should . . freshen in the spring are more diffi- "Motlftjfii M.dier! Just see the bean tnat - After that came a day when the be made to see if there are any larvae tlftjfii M. h<ft*<tJ cult to handle profitably in the fall I bag! Wh<ft*<tJf matter with it?" | rain stopped, but when heavy pray left on the tree ne ir the old nests. when pastures are often dry und con-! Then mother looked at the poor thin f'-oudd hung over everything. One more These should be destroyed if possible. ditions are less favorable for keeping, bean bag that used to be so fat. I <lav ' an<1 tht>n the bright, warm sun-. The use of a torch will be found to b up the milk flow. "Your bean bag is torn, dear," she sftine returned; Laura's father said; a convenient instrument in destroying When veal is cheap and feeds are said, "and all the beans have fallen tnat he would like to work in the j those nests beyond reach, but _care cheap it ought to pay to keep the best he.ifer calves on the chance that cows will bo good propi-rty n couple of years from now. It is ;asy to say that cows are cheap and there are lots for sale,' them, mother." out of it." "Fallen out!" Lnua had never thought of that. garden, but that the earth was too' must be exercised so as not to burn wet for it. The next day was Sun-' the bark thus killing it and perhaps day, so Laurn and her mother and Then please come and help find father went to church in the morn- ing, and to grandmamma's in the but when you start out looking for I "Oh, no, dear, we can't go out in ; afternoon. The day after that father those cows you find that the farmers! this rain. Besides, the beans will all. wa vcr y tirctl wht> " hc came home : keeping the best ones and some! be covered with dirt. We'll just make| aml besides, it was too warm to work ho cows for sale cheap are not! another bag." j '" the garden. are of tlu much good. bag, 'I don't want another bag," said MY WIFE AND I WORKED OUT OUR FINANCES TOGETHER By Ralph Eastman So just a week had gone by when father said, nftcr supper: "Coming to help me in the garden, Laura?'' Laura quickly found her rake and the paper of brown seeds that father had bought on purpose for her. Mother came, too, ami they all went , into the garden. What do you suppose they saw there ? "Why, what's this?" cried father.' "Oh, oh, what's this?" cried Laura. "I can guess," laughed mother. There wa* something in the garden Uwt had never been there before causing a permanent injury to the tree itself. Its UL-C is safe on the small- er branches or twigs, but on the larger limbs it will be safer to destroy them by hand. A spray with arsenate of lead will keep them from extending their work. The regular sprays recom- mended for apples will also keep them controlled. I suspect that too many of us farm- j the price was right or wrong. I know ers do not give our wives credit for, what to pay for my stuff, and she knowing anything about handling, does too. That's all there is to thej money except to spend it. Often- -money division. times a man will call i>n the phone and! But I wasn't satisfied with just want to talk to me. Yet N hat he want-! this arrangement. Supposing I died? afuml >'' "*" row of ' lttle st ed to know could have been told by my! I cany enough life insurance to cover' plant3 ' K r wll ) not a blt a * P lants wife just as well. In fact, I doubt if our indebtedness, but insurance money i B f? ex P Witeii **?"* " e " f , tcr , m ~ there is any business on earth about! won't do much good if vou don't know! l . m f stral K ht I" 1 '; This line which a man's wife knows as much as| how to use it. My wife now writes! n '" ?, nU U , t aml ro , umi ? bout ' J USt farming. The farm wife lives right! farm cheques when necessary. In ? S a llttle ,^' rl [ uns when she is play- * ir\*^^_^v iv 1'^. "i ohi i a yhiOi;irt a hutlrt*- . on the job; she has a chance to hear what is going on, and to talk it over three times a day. I have learned to ask the woman who answers the phone before having her call her man in from the field. Ami I usually get fact, if I have a few cheque* to de- posit I sometimes purposely forget them and let her take care of them. It took quite a while for her to get accustomed to this sort of work. But it was worth the effort. Now the can borrow money at our bank if we new! "*V ' >r ' "** 'I * *. lit \?\t J tt*Al_ 1 l I started out it. 1 don't need to make the trip to grat n ' , f^er answered smiling, moon, after a town to sign a note. The bank knows ."^ y re pre "! er BSVfel *?'*;., :ind, I dwkfedl she does business as well as I do crled Laura ' Im K ' ad ! lost them! the. information I want. When my wife and on our farm-life honeymoon few days of the usual kind it was time to get Bvmewhere finan-j This training is not hard for some cially. Money -or the lack of it was, fnrhi wives, but for many it is. It seemingly tho biggest problem of the; can't be done in a single month. I older folks I knew. The women hated rememlnvr how my wife dreaded to ing or when she is chasing a butter- fly. "They look like beans," said father, i pu/.zled. "Mother!" Laura cried. "Do bean- i bag beans look so after they're lost?"j "They do when you lose them in a ! Tent Caterpillars. About the time the leaves are un- folding in the spring the tiny eggs of Tack up your lot and ship to us. Wo do the rest fair grading - highest prices -spot cash pay- ment. Try us. WM. STONE SONS, LIMITED WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO Established 1870 American GALVANIZED Steel FENCE POSTS THE POST without a FAULT to ask for money every time they cash htr first cheque at the bank. She' the tent caterpillar begin to hatch and needed it. The men usually gave 'wan ted some change, and I wouldn't! the young larvae escape and go in grudgingly, or else forgot it alto-' get it for her. Instead. I went along! fe^rch f sonic nice tender foliage. gethor. -and introduced her to the cashier. [ The prtv'ious fall the mother moth was In our case we had just bought a' Now, after three years, she writes! considerate enough to place these egg* farm ami were in thc hole quite a bit| and cashes a chc-quo as easily as she! close to the food supply. She selected on it. Neither .f us had any lifts buys a loaf of bread. She goes toia small twig on a wild cherry, apple, from home, nor t'.i.l we expect rny. the elevator and settles for what she' or some other convenient tree and Both were able to earn a little on !>rings hi'ine, n"d pays for whatever .around this she laid her several e^gs. the side, which helped a lot the first is delivered to the farm. Once in a j cementing them over with a waxy pro- few months. Anyone who h:s ever while she forgets something; but so|paration in order to protect them niture, farm- 1 do I, and I've been doing business with [against the w> bought a "start-up" furniture, ing tools, stock, and so on knows wlmt it means to ft-irt out in debt. WP have arranged our finances like this: We each have a cheque book, but for fifteen years. Now, I am not advancing a theory, but, instead, advix'.-iting a practical working system. It's e-!:sy to say that we only have or.e account, Whon theru . a huslmiv.l ami wife should be equal is money to spend, my wife spends it | partner.*, hut it's pretty hard to prac- as she needs or want* to. I do llu^ tii-p it when the woman has to ask for same. I don't ak her how much her .$10 whenever she needs it. She new waist or .-.hoes cost. I don't care, shouldn't have to ask for it, no matter hud, anyway, I wouldn't know whether how freely it is given. weather. The larvae, after hatching, select a convenient fork in the branches, or on the trunk, in which to build their web, or tent, and from this they go out in the search for food. If these caterpillars are not controlled early in the season they will soon strip the foliage from the nearby limbs. If they are on a young tree it will be entirely defoliated by midsummer. As soon as the small nests are de- Shi. No Clips or Staples Necessary Manufactured By THE CANADIAN STEEL ad WIRE Co,, Limited HAMILTON CANADA .