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^}% Farm Qpp C^«dgs V HI Conducted by Professor Henry G. Bell Th« object of thi« department le to place at the ser- vice of our farm readere the advice of an acknowledged •utherity on all aubJecU pertaining to tolla and crops. Address all queatlone to Professor Henry Q. Bell, in care of The Wilson Publiahing Company, Limited, Toronto, and answers will aopear in this column In the order in which they are received. As space la limited it is advis- able where immediate reply Is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the question, when the answer will be mailed direct. G. O^ â€" I have fourteen acres of rolling; clay soil to plant to beans this year. Would like to get adrice as to fertilizer. Would you advise using fertilizer on this land, and if no, how much per acre, and what kind? Arwwer;â€" Large bean grcrwera have obtained very satisfactory results from proper fertilization of their bean crops.. On clay soil I would advise using from 200 to 400 bushels per acre of fertilizer carrying "1 to 2 per cent, ammonia, 10 to 12 per cent, available phosphoric acid, and 1 per cent, potash. Best results are obtain- ed by applying this fertilizer through the fertilizer section of the grain drill. Many bean growers recommend spreading the fertilizer 7 to 14 days before planting the beans. If you do not have a grain drill with fertilizer dropping section, any broadcasting machinery such as a lime spreader will distribute the fertilizer on top of the plowed ground. Careful harrow- ing and disking will work it in. When fertilizers are applied through the grain fertilizer drill it should bo allowed to drop through the hoe on each side of the one dropping beans, but not in the hoe that is dropping the geed. H fertilizes are carefully ap- plied as described, they supply avail- able plantfood to the young growing crop and give it material assistance. Do-not drop the beans on the fertili- sers. H. P.: â€" 1 have t«n acres of clay loam soil that 1 intend ta sow to oat^. I have sown alfalfa on this same piece of ground two previous years to inocu- late and I wish to soh alfalfa with the oats this year. Could you advise me if lime sown with the oat« would in- jure them? Would lime help to stiffen the straw so they would not lodge? What kind and how much lime to sow? How many pounds of alfalfa is neces- sary? Answer: â€" It will help your oat crop and greatly assls^ the catch of alfulfa to apply lime to your soil at the time you are seeding your Oats. Lim* will help strengthen the oat straw. Pos- sibly the best form of lime to use is arround limesto.-ie at the rate of one to two tons per acre. Successful alfalfa growers use from 1.5 to 20 pounds of good seed pev acre. P. F.:-^'- -- contemplating grow- ing a small a... .uge of sugar beefs the coming season and as it will be mir first experience along this line we would like to^ave your advice as to what analysifs of fertilizer to use. One field is heavy greunS with clay subsoil. The other is black ground with gravel- ly bottom. Answer: â€" For fertilizer for sugar beets use from 400 to 800 pounds per «icre of fertilizer analysing 2 to 4 par cent, ammonia, 8 to 12 per cent. «vail- •ble phosphoric acid, and 3 to 5 per cent, potash. The higher potash ferti- lizer should-^ be used on the black ground sine- muck soils are always short of this type of plantfood. For best results apply 200 pounds of ferti- lizer through the fertilizer attachment of your sugar-beet drill when plant- ing the seed. The remaindiJr of the fertilizer should be spread on the ground by the fertilizer dropper grain drill or a broadcast lime-and-fertilizei' spreader. If it is applied through the ^me spreader the ground should be thoroughly di.sked and harrowed be- fore the beets are sown so the ferti- lizer will be well worked into the soil. B. S.:â€" I intend sowing a small strip in my garden tliis spring with illfalfa and orchard grass in alternate rows. I thought as they came on ybout the same time they would make H good combination for cow feed. Wtiat do you think of ttie plan and how far should tJie rows be apart? An3wer:-~Alfalfa and orchard grass ripen about tbe same time, ^rass of any sort tends to kill out llfalfa. You will do better to sow ^wa of alfalfa if you want to grow jjtis crop or if you want a maximum luantity of feed I would advise you to lew ensilage corn. If you are sow- 13 MUSKRATS WANTED I win pay hiKhMt murkst »i-l<'«« |of RaU, Glnsiiig R«ct mud »J1 othtc raw turn. 80 ysBis of lellaViU trailln* lUfwMio*â€" -OBloa ak, of OM«a* N. 81LVKR ing alfalfa put the rows 12 to inches apart. Subscriber :^The rhubarb here has been planted several years, seems to be thriving well but appears tough and lasts but a very short season and requires to be peeled for cooking, can not you state the cause and advise me some means of making it OJt. for this season and when to re- set? Answer: â€" It may be that your rhu- barb is not of the most tender variety. However, if you know that it is, the probabilities are that the plantfood necessary to produce an abundant and tender crop is lacking. At any time now sow fertilizer at the rate of 50 lbs. to a space measuring 20 feet by 30 feet between the rows of rhubarb. Do not let the fertilizer drop immedi- ately on the rhubarb, but keep it about 3 to 5 inches away from the plants. Follow the application with thorough raking or digging, at a depth not to e.xceed 2 to 3 inches, so as to work the plantfood into tho soil. Just after you have begun to pull the rhubarb scatter a few handfuls more of the fertilizer among the rows and rako it in. .This additional plaAtfood will assist the growing crop. The reason the rhubarb fails to yield and gets tough is because its supply of plant- food is running short. When autumn comes give the rhubarb bed a good top-dressing of manure. Reader: â€" 1. I have a piece of clay ground which I have had in potatoes for two years and I intend sowing wheat on this year, and I ask your ad- vice in regard to best results. Would it be wis« to put any more manure on? 2. What wouU be a good mix- ture of grass seed to sow for hog pas- ture? 3. What do you think alHwt sowing oafs on sad which has to be plowed this spriag? Answer: â€" 1. If you manured the potatoes heavily 1 would not advise your adding nn<ria staWe manure in preparing it for wheat. I would ad- vise adding about 200 to 300 lbs. of fertilizer carrying at least 1 to 2 per cent, ammonia, and 10 to 12 per cent, available phosphoric acid. The rea- son for the advice is that stock ma- nure is weak in plant ripenerâ€" phos- phoric acid â€" and the addition of the fertilizer in question will greatly as- sist your crops in rapidity of growth and maturity and will also give plum- per grain. This fertilizer should be scattered like ashes over the plowed ground and worked in by careful har- rowing. If you have a lime spread- er this machine will distribute the fertilizer evenly. If. however, you have a grain drill with fertilizer dropping compartment, of course the application of fertilizer through the grain drill equipment will give tho best application possible. 2. For pas- ture for hogs, alfalfa is generally ad- vised. It will not make immediate pasture but should have Ht least one season's growdi, so the crop will be well established, before turning the stock on it. The alfalfa mixture makes abundant growth and quality of the forage is guch th.nt brood sows can to a large extent, bo maintained on the grass and hay. The Experi- mental Farms report advises the growing of oats and peas or peas alone. Of course the grain of the peas is high In protein and the pea vines along with the green oats forms a nutritious fodder. A mixture of peas and oats will give pasture this summer, while the crop of alfalfa as stated before, should- have sufficient time to become established before the stock Is turned on it. 3. Oats may be sown on sod land which has been plowed this spring. However, the plowing should not be too deep or else tho water supply for the oat crop might be seriously impaired. I pre- fer using plowed sod for potatoes or some othor cultivated crop since cul- tivation gives thance to rid the soil of weeds before the grain anrl graw crops are sown. The Boy and His Calf. It is a long lime since we heard the first story about the farmer who gave Bill a calf and then sold it and pocket- ed the money when the calf became a cow. In the lasl chapter of this story, BUI is tearfully bidding his mother good-by« at the garden gate and is headed for tUf "wicked city." No more farming for him If father i.< go- ing to eonflscate his oalf business. We have not heard that story in quite a while and believe that the organiza- tion of boys' and girls' clubs and the general tendency to interest boys in farm life is doing a good work. The dally press is filled with daily a^cnunts of boys who have made good with their live 9tocl<, and between the lines everyone can see that it i» due to the fact that honest fathers are giving the boys a chance to learn something about the farming business. How and Wheir To Spray (Continued From LaJt Week.) Apple Scab 1 til the entire fruit rois. Spraying to Apple scab causes small circular '•'^ntrol i-urculio also keeps this under spots on leaves, causing them to drop, control. If necessary use self-boded On fruit it causes small circular dark, '""e sulphur with two pounds o ar- Bpots, which grow and cause the fruit senate of lead to fifty gallons of the to crack. Scab is worse during wet, solution just as the crfyces or shucks cool seasons. Dilute commercial lime sulphur with two pounds of arsenate of lead and spray just before the blossoms buds begin to open; spray again just after the blossom petals fall, begin- ning when two-thirds of the blossoraa have fallen, and again two weeks after the petals fall. Spray before rains, not after. IVar Slug and Psylla Pear slug attacks pears, apples, plums and cherries, skel cMn izing the leaves. It is a small slimy black worm about half an iuL'h long. Spray- ing with two and one-half pounds of arsenate of lead to fifty gallons of water will kill tJie lar.-ae. i Pear psylla, a small winged insect one-tenth of an, inch long, lives over winter in the crevices of the Ijark. Lime sulphur, one part to eight parts of water, sprayed while tire trees are dormant is the remedy, and the pear leaf blister mite, which causes reddi.sh blisters on the leaves, later turning black, will be controlled by the dor- , niant spraying for the psylla. • t I Brown Rot j ' Brown rot attacks cherries, peaches, ' plums and other stone fnuta. Small brown spots on the fruit enlarge un- the lead. SPRAYING TIME TABLE Apple I lead two poiuids, lime two pounds, to First. Spray in winter or late spring IfjT gallons water, when trees are dormant. Boiled lime sulphur. Second. Just as the leaf buds open and before blooming time. Bordeaux 4-4-60 and two pounds ai'senate of lead. Thir.l. blossoms are falling from the fruit. Two or three wnetts later spray again. Peach Leaf Curl This disease causes light green, yel- lowish or reddish, wrinkled or swollen leaves, which drup early. Spray with commercial lime sulphur, one part to fifteen parts of water. Spraying for scale in the spring will control peach leaf curl. Miscellaneous Gypsy moth, tussock moth, brown tail moth and cankerworm are check- ed by spraying with arsenate of lead when caterpillars (irst appear. Elm leaf beetle should be met with arsen- ate of load sprayed on the under side of the leaves as soon as the leaves have ' veloped. Never spray peach trees with Bor- deaux or commercial lime sulphur when the foliage is on the trees. Self- boiled lime sulphur is supposed not to injure th^ foliage of the peach, but should be tested carefully, and unless the user is eontident from experience that he can safely use it better omit. Arsenate of lead should be used only with three or four pounds of lime slaked and added to each fifty gallons to counteract the burning tendency of Third. A month after the petals drop. Lime st>'phur 8-8-50 and tivo pounds arsenate of lead. Fourth. A month before fruit rip- ens, lime sulphur, 8-8-.50. Cherry First. Late winter or early spring. Second. Just after the blossoms _, . ^ . . . o ^"'^' Bordeaux, 3-3-50, lead arsenate, Ten days after third. Same three pounds to fifty gallons. i Thii-d. Ten days later. Lime sul- P**'" ; phur, 8-8-50. First. Winter, or spray before the Fourih. After fruit is picked. Bor- buds begin to swell. Lime sulphur deaux, 3-3-50. 8-8-50. I Pear Second. At tlie time the calices of First. Winter or early spring,, bo- tiie fruit are dropping. Arsenate of fore buds open. Lime sulphur, 8-8-60. Second. Just before the blouoras open. Bordeaux, 3-3-50, and arsensts of lead, three pounds. Third. Just aft«r petals fall. Bor- deaux, 3-3-.50, and ar.jenate of lead three pounds. Fourth. Ten days later. Same spray. Plum opiums are sprayed the same as peaches. Bordeaux is likely to injure the foliage of Japanese plums. Use lime sulphur. Grape First. Before buds open. Bordeaux, 5-5-.')0. Second. As buds are swelling. Bor- deaux and arsenate of lead, three pounds to fifty gallons. Third. Just before the blossoms open. Bordeaux, 5-5-50; arsenate lead, three pounds to fifty gallons. Fourth. Just as the fruit sets. Same spray. Fifth. Ten days later. Same spray. Sixth. The first of July. Same spray. If there is black rot, spraying must be done after each rain. Very often the first two sprayingr* can be omitted. Raspberry and Blackberry First. Early spring when canes are dormant. Lime sulphur, 8-8-50. Second. Just before leaves appear. Bordeaux, 3-3-50. Third. When buds are swelling. Same spray. Fourth. When the young canes are six to eight inches high. Lime sulphur. Currant and Gooeeberry First. Early spring before leaves open. Lime sulphur. Second. As the leaves are opening. Bordeaux, 3-3-50. Third. Two weeks after leaves start unfolding. Bordeaux, 3-3-50, arsenate of lead. 3 pounds to 50 gal- lons. If washed off by rain apply again. Fourth. Two weeks later. Lime sulphur. ♦ «» ^» Just after petals fall from Same spray as in second. ; Use high pressure on sprayer. Fourth. spray. two ! Try potatoes in some new way or three times a week. Arthur peas stand to-day among field peas as the earliest in commerce that will give profitable yield. There are earlier field varieties and very early varieties among the garden sorts, but they will not return, when I grown for general purposes, a com- â-  mensurate profit on the labor expend- ed. SUrt With Grade Sheep. The inexperienced man should start with grade sheep. ft after rvising grades for a time he finds that ha likes sheep and knows something about them, he may establish a pure- bred flock. In establishing a pure- bred flock one should first decide on the breed to be handled. A breed should be selected that is adapted to the local climatic conditions and is popular, in order that a ready market may be available for the surplus stock. I The most important consideration in establishing a pure-bred flock is the selection of the foundation ewes. Few people realize the importance of good ewes. Ewes typical of the breed they re- present, and uniform in size and con- formation, should be selected becausa they will raise more uniform lambs;- and uniform lumt>.^ lind a market much more quickly than lambs that are off type and lacking in uniformity. Ewes that have a feminine, motherly appearance should be selected, as this is an indication of prolific breeders and good mothers. The eyes should be large, clear, and bright, yet placid, indicating a kind disposition. I The ewes should show plenty of con- stitution by a wide spring of ribs, and a deep, full chest. They should have a strong back witn a thick covering ol natural flesh. A little more length of coupling is desirable in the ewe than ui the ram, and the hips should be wide apart and the hind quarters full. The body should stand square- ly on the four legs, and the feet and pasterns should be strong. The wooj should be dense and have quality, strength, and lustre. When establishing a grade flock it is well to choose good, strong ewes and a pure-bred ram of mutton type. This makes an excellent foundation. The ewes should be young, uniform in size and build, and show constitution and rigor. Each individual sheep should be examined for age, and only those with good mouths should be chosen for breeding purposes. ^ « • Severely coW weather is likely to kill com seed. A large amount of ' corn exposed to the weather in cribs ! last winter was killed. Keep seed â-  com in a dry place over winter where j the temperature never goes below 35 ' or 40 degrees. illllHlilllllllllilllllllllHII{IHHIiKHIHIfe}inillliliBHIIiiniilll{(lllini[l^ Lsnion jelly is good sliced bananas. served with CANADIANS have good reason to be proud of the position Canada holds in the world today. This pride is justified by the activities of her people, by her unlimited natural resources, by her splendid institu- tions, and particularly by her Industries. Facts about the immensity of some Canadian industtnes would astonish most people. These industries, when viewed in the light of comparison with Other countries, are simply tre- mendous. The growtli of any industry ia limited to the number of people it can serve, and that is a fact not often properly appreciated when Canadian industnes are compared to similar enterprises In, say, the United States. For example: the population of the United States exceeds 100,000,000. Opportunity for in- dustries there is almost unlimited. In comparison, Canada with its seven million population is a small country â€" yet m spite of this com- paratively small population, Can- ada possesses several industries which in actual size rank among the biggest in the \v6rld. In shoeraaking, one Canadian concern has developed a volume of business and a service to the Cinadiaa people which is not equalled by anothc shoe manu- facturer anywhere in the world. This concern. If located in the United States, would rank as one of the twelve largest out of some two thousand shoe manufacturers there. ' While the sales of the largest shoe manufacturer in the United States â€" selling to the American people â€" do not exceed twenty-five cents per capita per year, the sales of Ames Holden McCready to the Canadian people last year were approximately eighty cents per capita. In a comparative sense, there- iorc, this Canadian concern is greater than the foremost Ameri- can shoe manufacturer in the United States. Thus Ames Holden McCready truly merit the distinction of their title "Shoemakers to the Canadian Nation." Just imagine for a moment the enormous work of «uppl>-ing a large portion of Canada's 7,'0co,ooo peo- ple with its boots ana shoes: â€" U requires â€" huge up-to-date fac- tories equipped with the most modern machinery able to turn out 8,ooo pairs of shoes a day. â€" it requires â€" a variety of nearly 8oo different styles to meet the requirements of all classes of peo- Elc, for different grades, shapes and inds of shoes. â€" it requires â€" the maintenance of six large distributing branches in principal cities from coast to coast, and in these are carried over a million dollars worth of stock, ready for quick delivery to re- tailers. â€" it requires â€" sixty travelling sales- men to call on the retail trade, because out of approximately lo,ooo retail dealers who sell shoes in Canada, more than 5,000 handle A.H.M. Shoes. â€" 1/ requires â€" many other details of organization and equipment, but this brief outline will give you •oma slight idea of the part that this great shoe concern is playing in the business of supplying footwear to the Canadian people. You will be infer^stud in these facta, because the next time you buy footwear bearing the A.H.M. Brand, yon will knOw that they are the product of a large and efficient orgdnitaiion making afioes which will in every oaae give you the greateet value for your money, AMES HOLDEN McCREADY "Shoemakers to the Nation" UMlTBO ST. JOHN MONTMAL TORONTO WlNNtfHC kDMornroN V.\NCOUV£a pa:] ' nONTIULAl. fACTWrr â€" <*â- Â» Trad*-marik on trtry toh. Ssi fi BlHIIIHIjlillHIIillHiHiHIiyilBllllliaillliiH pM tJWIiiii, iilwiM,! 1; I ii" I" II Pl'i II I III ... :v-