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1 arm (Jop QnfHOI^s â- Â»Ma»ir'iii<ll V Conducted by Professor Henry G. Bell The object of this department le to place at the ser- vice of our farm rsaders the advice of an acknowledged authority on ail lubjecta pertaining to tollt and crops. Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, Toronto, and answers will appear In this column in the order in which they are received. As space is limited it is advis- able where immediate reply Is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the question, when the answer will be mailed direct. m ^Etr|fOR,.CAr|iiaa: YOUR PROBLEMS H. J.: â€" "Will you kindly send me a recipe for making grafting wax?" Answer:â€" A good grafting wax ia made as follows: Into a kettle place one part by weight of tallow, two parts of bee.swax, four parts of resin. When completely melted, pour into a tub or pail of cold water, then work it with the hands (which should be Srreased) until it develops a grain and becomes the color of taify candy. Sub.scribcr: â€" 1. Can alfalfa be grown successfully on heavy clay soil which will grow red clover all right? Can it be sown with oats same as clever? If a field were sown this spring how long would it be be- fore the lir.st crop of hay? What does innoculation of the seed mean? How much alfalfa does it take per acre? 2. Which is most production and which easiest grown, mangels or turnips, for cattle or sheep? What is the best variety for heavy clay soil? Answer: â€" Clay soil which will grow red clover successfully should be suitable for alfalfa. I would not re- commend sowing alfalfa with oats, since the latter crop produces rather too heavy a growth, shading out the young tender alfalfa plant. If you seed a field of alfalfa this spring, it should not be cut before next spring unless the growth is very strong be- fore fall. Innoculation of alfalfa seeds means introduction of the pecu- liar bacteria which live on the roots ot the alfalfa plant. Innocula- tion is accomplished by feeding the seed with a culture containing the bacteria you wish to introduce. These cultures may be obtained from the Bacteria Department of the Ontario Agricultural College, or from com- mercial sources. Directions accom- panying the package should be fol- lowed closely. If the alfalfa seed is of high grade and germinates strong- ly, from 12 to 15 lbs. to the acre will be sufficient. Large growers of alfalfa use between 12 to 20 pounds to the acre, normally. 2. From a labor stand- point, turnips are looked upon as an easier crop to grow than mangels. As a food mangels contain a little more protein than do turnips, but less starch. As a table suitable variety for heavy clay soil you will do well to consult a reliable seed cata- logue. Farmer: â€" What will be the best crop to sow on live acres of sandy '. land for the pa.sture of three or four, cows? Have been thinking of sow- ing rape, and could I seed it and stand a chance of getting a catch if sowed with the rape? It was sown last year i to millet and buckwheat and seeded, but failed to get a good stand of ; clover. Answer: â€" For a pasture mixture on! sandy soil, you will do well to sow the , following por acre: 1 bushel of rye,' half bushel wheat, half bushel oats, and five pounds of common red clover. ' This, mixture will make a summer pas--i ture. In order to get a successful per- ! manent covering, I believe you will i have to keep stock off this area for a i season and then seed your ground to ! about Hi bushels of barley and grass! seed mixture, consisting of 10 lbs. ] common red clover, 2 lbs. alsace, 6 lbs. of timothy, and 5 lbs. sweet clover. ; In order to make sure of the catch ; you v.'ould do well to fertilize the soil i with about 200 lbs. to 300 lbs. of ferti- [ li^r carrying 'i to 5 per cent, am- 1 monia and 6 to 8 per cent, phosphoric acid. This should be thoroughly work- ed into the soil at the lime the seed bed is being prepared. | R. S-: â€" Would be glad to have ad- vice in regard to sowing winter vetch and spring rye this .npring to plow under late in summer for fertilizer purposes. AVouId it be a success or : is something else more successful? .A.nswer: â€" Half a bushel of winter vetch seed, with a bushel and a half of rye to the acre should be sown. The ground should be thoroughly pre- pared and the seed drilled or har- , rowed in carefully. In preparing the ground you will do well to apply about , Vs ton of fine ground limestone per, acre, harrowing it in carefully. This will make tlie soil sweet, which condi- tion is most suitable for the rapid, growth of vetch. In order to make sure of a satisfactory catch, you will do well to fertilize at the .time of seeding as recommended in the last question. These Should be Included in Your Order LOOK FOR THE STARS The numrrous items in the Rennic 191S cata- logue envlu£cd in suir borders like tbia &et new bii:h vaUe standards. Vou wtU be astunisucd at the biirgaius. * • BEANSâ€" Dwarf White Wax (Davis) BEET â€" tri»sby'ii ICgyplian CABBAGE â€" Dani.,u Summer Roundhead , CARROT â€" Reiinie's Market Garden CORN â€" Rennie's Golden Bantam. CUCUMBERâ€" Davis' Perfect .... LETTUCE â€" Burpee's Earliest \\ ayahead ONIONâ€" Early Yellow Danvers .. Remiic's Extra Early Red RcnuiL'S Longlceeper Brown Globe r A RSN I P- Rennie's XXX G uernsey PEAS â€" I'lioinasLaxton, Extra Early >inator â€" Best Second Early .... RADISH â€" Crimson Globe â€" Non Plus Ultra Japanese Mikado (Winter).... TOMATO â€" Boiiny Be'^t Blue biem Early â€" King Edward Pkt. .10 .06 .10 .10 .10 .10 .10 .10 .OS .10 .10 .10 .10 .05 .10 .10 .10 .25 .25 .85 lb. 5 lbs. .70 3.25 2.50 .SO 2.75 .40 1.20 3.50 .25 .65 .25 .75 2.25 .35 .40 .35 .35 .30 1.00 1.35 1.00 1.00 1.00 .15 .15 ONION SETSâ€" Yellow Setsâ€" Selected While Multiplier Sets. .20 .65 .35 .90 .60 1.75 .60 1.75 Prepaid lb. 5 lbs. .35 1.70 .50 2.25 3.00 4.40 3.75 3.75 3.50 .45 .45 2.20 3.25 2.00 2.00 Not Prepaid lb. 5 lbs. .25 1 .20 .40 1 .85 FLOWER SEEDS Pkt. New Giant Astermum â€" Mixed 15 Rennie's XXX Defiance Balsam â€" Mi.\ed 15 New Red Sunflower 25 Gold Medal Hybrids Delphinium 25 Rennie's XXX Pri^e Ruffled Giant Petunia â€" Mixture 25 Ronnie's XXX Giant Spencer Sweet Peas â€" Mixture 15 Giant Zinnia â€" Mixed 15 When buying from dealers, Insist on Rennie's. If your dealer hasn't them, wa will ship direct. Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordially Invited to write to thia department. Initials only will De published with each question and its answer as a means of identification, but full name and address must be given In each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will be mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed. Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, 235 Woodbine Ave., Toronto. THE X> T TMrikTf P^ COMPANY KING & MARKET S^* TORONTO ALSO AX MONTHEiVL WI^4NIPEC VANCOUVER How and When To Spray Apple, peach, plum, quince, cherry j and pear trees are seriously injured j by San .lose scale and will be killed j very likely unless freed from those in- sects. Shade trees are also troubled | by scale and also some shrubs, par- ticularly lilac. The trees should be pruned so as to get out all superfluous wood, which sViould be completely burned. Leave no stray pieces about with Insects on them. This done, scrape off the rough bark so the scale under it may be reached with the spray, as spraying while the trees are dormant is the only remedy. If the trees are badly infested two sprayings may be necessary. Spray as soon as possible and again just be- fore the buds begin to swell. Wet MUSKRATS WANTED I will pay hlihegt market p.-!ce» for Rats, Olnseng Root and all othtr raw fiif!*, 20 years of reliable tradlnjf Bef«r*ac»â€" UnloB Bk. of Okaadk N. SILVER SflO St. Pftol St. W., Montreal. r-<i. HEAVES'^"''^'* AbstiltitBlv CMted, iu any horse, any i â€" no niattov how bad. Ti jcars ot suoccn), Is our retiMju for selling CAPITAL HEAVE REMEDY I vritli our mouev-bact guarar.tee. It tnust euro your horse or your uu'uey is rcfundeil. A FULL WEEK'S TRIAL On reoolpt of 5c. (slumps orsilverHocovec posttt«» »u(i wrapping, we will soud ycu a full week's trial wltUfuU particulars aud Ruarantco of laUstactioa. Write now. VETEIilNABY SUPPLYBOOSC T60 Cooper StrMt, Ottawa, 0«t. Free Make It Yourself The Tile Everlasting Coet only $4 to $S per M H*nd and Power Machinet Frice* from $49 up Send fpr Inform** tion. f'armers' Cement Tlla Machine Co. Wailterviile • Ont. ^ fi 1 every part of the tree, or the labor may be in vain. Lime sulphur is generally used. It is effective on San Jose scale, oyster shell scale, bhster mite and scab and also destroy.* the eggs of plant lice. Oil emulsion may also be used. | In bad casus of scale where the in-j sects have not been discovered until the foliage is on the tree they may ' be held in check by spraying with fiish oil soap, one pound to six gallons of water, or with kerosene emulsion, dur- ing May or .hiiie when th>^ young in- sects hatch, depending on the season and locality. Well cared for trees systematically sprayed are not troubled with scale. Aphis or Lice | There are two kinds of insects that injure plants, those which chew and' those which pierce the foliage and suck the juices. The former are con-' trolled by poisons, but the latter must be reached by contact sprays and be hit by the sprays, which kills them. ' The biters which chew will be killed ^ when they eat the poi<oiied foliage, even if they appear after the spray is applied, biu^those which suck the juices must hv hit w*th the contact spray; the fact that it is on the foli- age will not bother them. i There arc two forms of aphis or! plant lice, one appearing on the tree, the other on the root.-;. There are ; several kinds of aphis that attack the' foliage of plants, and all are ooiilroll-i cd by the contact sprays. I Aphis attack apple, plum and other fruit and ornamental trees. They arc small greenish insects, sometimes assuming pinkish or an almost black' color. They suck the juices from the foliage, usually feeding on the under side of the leaves, causing them to curl up, dry and drop. I Kerosene pmiilsioii. 10 per cent, strength, or tobacco e.xtracts will rid the trees of them. Spray as soon asl the aphis appear anil before the leaves' curl, as it is difficult to reach the in-j sects with the spray after the leaves roll up. j The root aphis are more trouble-' some. The dirt around each tree ] should be removed to a depth of throe i or four inches in a circle three or four feet ia diameter w hen the tree is ! growing: vigorously. Then soak the^ apace thoroughly with kerosene emul- ! sion, 15 per cent, strength â€" 15 per cent, emulsion. 85 per cent, water- us- ing at least two gallons per tree, and then replace the earih. .Vpple \\orni The codling motli is :i whitish or pinkish caterpillar half to three-qnar- tere of an Inch in length. The adult moth lays its eggs in the spring on the leaves or small apples soon after blooming time. The young caterpil- lars, about one-sixteenth of an inch in length, enter the apple usually at the blossom end. Arsenate of lead is sprayed into the calyx cup, which poi- sons the worm as soon as it starts to eat its way into the apple. When the worms enter the apple t"hey attack the core and remain there about a month, then bore out through the fruit. There are likely to be two generations which must be controlled. Spray with arsenate of lead, two or three pounds to lifty gallons of water. The first application should be made when the calyx is ,ipen and extended so the poison can be forced into the blossom end of the young apple and before the blossom end closes. The wide open cluster is i.ot right; the stamen crowd upon the pistils, closing the heart of che flower, but just when the petals have fallen, when the calyx is open, is exactly the right time to drive in the poison spray. Later the calyx will close and the worm will be safely sheltered. Use strong pressure â€" 150 pounds â€" and spray thoroughly. t'urculio. I'lum curcul'io. a small grayish brown beetle, attacks plums, apples, peaches, pears and quinces, making a small cut on the fruit uiulei' which it lays its eggs. The larva, a small white worm, feeds on the fruit and causes it to drop. The codling moth spray for apples will control the curculio. Wild crab- apples or hawthorn growing near the orchard should be destroyed. Gather all fallen fruit and destroy it. Plums should be sprayed with ar- senate of lead, two or three pounds to fifty gallons of water, just after the blossoms fall. Add to this milk of lime, made by mixing four pounds of fresh slaked lime with sufficient wa- ter to dissolve it. .Vdd this to each fifty gallons of the arsenate of lead to prevent burning of the foliage. Spray two weeks later with the same solution. This second spray is most important and should thorough- ly cover the fruit. Canker Worms Canker worms feed upon the leaves of fruit and shade trees in the spring and autumn. .\rsenate of lead, four pounds, to lifty gallons of water, will destroy the caterpillars when they are young. Bands of sticky substances or cotton bound around the trunks of the trees will keep the wing- less female from getting on the trees. Bud moths attack the terminal leaf buds and blossoms. Where lime sul- phur is used before the liuils open for. scale on apples arsenate of lead, two pounds U< fifty gallons, may be added to control the bud moth. Spray again with arsenate of lead alone, same strengih. just Kefore the blossoms open. Teui t'aterpillars The egg masses are laid m\ the twigs, forming a grayish brown knot- like Imnd. li;iiher the egg masses in winter and durii them and bunt the webs when I hey appear on the trees. *rhe spraying recommended for codl- ing moth will control tent caterpillars. Borers Borers attack apple, peach and oth- er fruit trees, also soft maple, birch and other ornamental trees. They enter the tree through smair round holes in the I'ark, usually at the base of the tree, from which sawdust some- times sifts out; a discoloration of the bark is an indication of the borers' presence. The only remedy is to cut the borers out with a sharp knife. Watch the trees and get the borers as soon as they enter. .\ stiff wire can also be used to push up the hole and kill the borer. Co over all the trees in April and again in the autumn. Painting the trunks at the base with white lead mixed with raw linseed oil is recommended. Make the mixture the consistency of thick house paint and apply early in the spring before May, after the borers have been cut out. Do not use boiled linseed oil or common house paint with a drier in it. Remove all gum from the peach trees when going over the trees in the autumn, painting the wounds where the borers have been cut out. (Concluded next week.) S. S.: â€" Your letter arrived too late for insertion last week. I am afraid the only thing co be done with the rug ia to send it to a professional cleaner, explaining the accident. Regarding the scratches on the mahogany desk, an authority infonns me that the only remedy is to have the finish removed and a new one applie<l. This work could be satfactorily done only by an expert. T. E. O.: â€" 1. When applying tur- pentine, mix with it one third the quantity of lard and it will not blister. 2. For sore and tender feet u.se the following powder: Talc, nine ounces; boric acid, one ounce. Mix and shake into the shoes and dust on the stock- ings after they have been drawn on the feet. This is said to give great relief. Polly: â€" Do you use stews as much as you might in the course of your substitution campaign ? Do you know how good they are ? They may be so varied that you can have a dif- ferent one every day in the week and all of them delicious. It needs only a small piece of meat to give flavor to a heoity dish. It's a mistaken idea that you must eat a lot of meat to be ; strong. Meat helps to build up the body but so do many other foods and 1 a little meat with vegetables and cereals gives the body what it needs. All kinds of stews are cooked in just i about the same way. Here are 1 directions which will serve for making almost any kind: Cut the meat in small pieces and brown with the onion i in the fat cut from the meat. Add the seasoning, two quarts of water and the rice, or other cereal, if it is to be used. Cook for an hour, then add the vegetables except potatoes. Cook the stew for half an hour, add the potatoes cut in iiuarters. cook for another half an hour and serve. Left over or canned vegetables need only to be heated through. Add them fifteen minutes before serving. Dried peas or beans should be soaked over night and cooked for three hours be- fore adding to the stew. Reader: â€" "A contest, something children will like and not too diffi- ' cult.'' Here is a flower nastime that 1 think was arranged by a teacher and used when she took her spring class for a walk. For a prize you may give a basket of posies, or you may award a flower to the child who first answer.} correctly. 1. What fair maiden lived between two mountains? I Lily of the valley-) 2. What is the emblem of her coun- try? (Maple Leaf.) 3. What did she do each early morn? (Rose.) 4. CA'.e names of iier three sisters. (Daisy. Violet and M>Ttle. ) 5. What was the big brother's name and with what did he write? (Jon- quil.) 6. What was her baby brother's name? (Sweet William.) 7. What did he always call his father? (Poppy.) 8. What did the father call to the older son each morning? (Johnny) jump up.) 0. Wliat hour did they rise in sum- mer? (Four o'clock.) 10. What bells rang through the valley on Sunday? t Bluebells.) 11. Who preached in their church? (Jack in the Pulpit.) 12. How manv came to hear him ? (Phlox.) ' • Vi. What selection was played on the organ? (Narcissus.) 14. Who cooked the Sunday dinner? (Black-eyed Susan.) 15. What vegetable iiad they? (Sweet peas.) Itj. From what did they drink? (Cups and saucers, or buttercups.) 17. What great event of the king did they desire to see? (Carnation, i.e., coronation.) 18. Whar fine animal did they see at a circus? (Dandelion. I 19. What accident happened in the barn one day? (Cowslip.) 20. With what was John punished? (Uoldenrod.) 21. Will) what were the girls pun- ished? (Lady slippers.) 22. .\s John never married, what did he sew on? (Bachelor buttons.) 23. When Lily left home, with what did she kiss her mother? (Tulips.) 24. What did her mother say? (For- get -mo-iior.) Grain for ch'ckens should be clean and free from mold. Moldy grain will often cause death or result in any one of several diseases common to the digestive tract. Birds affected be- come weak and inactive and often manifest an intense thirst. Such an indiviilual may be given a teaspoonful of Epsom salts and if recovery is not rapid it should be killed. No flock of hens is so good but that there are certain individuals which are far superior to certain others. Neither is there a flock of hens that is so small but that it will pay to select a few of the best for breeders. Only a small breeding flock is necessary on many farms, since fifteen hens will lay during the breeding season of two and a half months from 400 to 500 eggs. If each year the best are selected as breeders, remarkable pro- gress can be made in just a few sea- sons, toward producing a strain of vigorous, large-bodied, late-moulting, high-producing hens. It also means keeping fewer male birds, which at four to five cents a bird per week for feed is a considerable saving. Method of curing hens of the egg- eating habit: Blow the contents from several egg shells and fill them with plaster Paris, or pulp plaster. Fill a dozen or two â€" they will set hard iu a few hours. Put these in the nests and around on the floor. N\hy Trees Winter-Kill. Have you studie<I the matter of fruit trees winter-killing, and the cause? In Ontario fruit trees suf- fer from winter-killing on account of making too late growth in the fall, and the wood is not properly harden- ed up before the freezing weather be- gins. It lias been found that much of this winter-killing can hv prevented by stopping the cultivation of the soil in the orchards early in August, and sowing a cover crop of clover, rye, or any other cover crop desiied. This cover crop takes the moisture from the Soil, and some of the available plant food, thus preventing ihc rapid soft growth of the trees Ixtf iu the .season. In consequence the wood growth already made hardens up, and is able to withstand the severe win- ter Weather. • « t'arrots are third in Iho li.st of roots and tubers in nourishing value. Po- tatoes slaml first and i)«rHnips second. INTERNATIONAL LESSON .\PRIL 28. Lesson I\ . Jesus Rebukes Selfish- ntss â€" Mark 9. 30-50. Golden Text, .Mark 9. 35. \"erse 33. They came to Capernaum â€" Here he had begun his Galilean ministry and here he was to bring it to a close. We have no knowledge of his being in the town ag:tin. He was now to go southward. In the house he asked them â€" He had probably heard them disputing as they came along and now, having overheard some of the conversation, wishes to learn of their difficulties. 34. Meld their peace â€" It was no- thing to be proud of. The fact that he had selected the three to go with him up the mountain may have led them to wonder why they were thus preferred and hence the subject under discussion. Who was the g«catest â€" Their conception of the kingdom about which he had said so much dealt with grades and ranks of service and now naturally they were concerned to know who was the leader among them. 3.'5. Sat downâ€" The usual attitude of a Jewish teacher. Called the twelve -It WHS needful that the entire band of disciples should know in what true greatness consisted, as it was funda- mental to their own success in the future. If any man would be first, he shall be last of all, and servant of all â€" The humility of greatness and the greatness ot humility. Preemin- ence in the kingdom is marked by ser- vice and not by rank; u service which is for all without discrimination. This is the general principle stated. 36. Took a little child â€" ITiey were in all probability in Peter's house. Was this Peter's boy whom Jesus called to him? He calls the child to his side, lifts him up in his arms and then gives the immortal lesson. It is 3I;irk alone who tells of his taking the child in his arms. For fuller details as to what he said \Vi» turi\ to Mat- thew's account (Matt. 18)3..Ha.")mr thews account (Malt. l§. 3). There is no picture more beautiful and sigtiili- cnn! than ihi.s â€"the Supremo Teacher with ihe ehiUi in hi« arms presenting to his disciples the never-to-be-for- gotten object lesson. :'7. Whosoever shall receive one of such little children in my nameâ€" The child represented the true disciple- docile, trustful, unas.suming. In my name â€" That is, "out of regard for me." The "name" repres'.'nts all that u ma" i.*i known to ne and do. The name of Christ is all that he is reveal- ed to us to bo in spi'it and deed. Re- ceiveth him that sent me â€" To receive a humble disciple in whom we re- cogiHM (he spirit ot Christ ia to re- ceive Christ himself, and as Christ is the sent of Cio*i it Is essentially to re- ceive God himself. We have now a transition to an in- cident reported by John of one who was rebuked for casting out demons I and who was not one of Jesus' dis- ciples. 38. John said â€" The first time in which John appears as spokesman in the Synoptists, but his name occurs in cqjmection with James when the re- quest was made for the chief places in the kingdom, and it is these two i vho at another time propose to call j down tire upon a Samaritan village because the people had been discom-t- ! eous to the Master. W'e saw one casting out demons in thy name â€" We are not told where this incident took place. It occurred to John to tell it because, no doubt, Jesus had refer- red to receiving one in his name. W^e forbade him â€" By using the name of Jesus and not being in the regular company of disciples John thought this outsider was taking a liberty with j the name of Jesus; he tried to stop I him. 39. Forbid him not â€" Jesus' influence must have wrought mightily outside of the circle of his immediate follow- ers, inciting them to genuine works of power iu his name. To rebuke . such an one was an excess of zeal. We have here a principle of wide ap- plication. There is surely Christian grace and power in many circles which do not bear our name. Well and good if ihey honor the name of Christ. j 40. He that is not against us is for us â€" In another connection he said "He that is not with me is against i me" (Matt. 12. 30). The cases are in â-  principle the same. No man can be against Chi Vt if he has faith, though imperfect, in his name. One cannot be a frieiiti of the Master if he has so little faith in him as to think that his works a'-e the works of Satan. In ' one case it is our attitude toward others, in the other it is our inner at- I titude toward Christ. I 41. A cup of water to odrink, be- cause ye are Christ'sâ€" John^ question had broken in upon Jesus' talk con- cerning the childlike spirit. He now resumes that topic. He speaks of the worth of the .smallest service render- ed to 11 disciple in the spirit of the disciple. i 42. Whosoever shf>ll t'ause one of ' these little ones . to stumble â€" i Jesus is ever the champion of the i weak. .\ spiritual injury done to one : of the humblest of his disciples brings severe consequences to the guilty i party. ♦ ' Stan with piue slock -th«t will niJike the increase and eggs for hatch- ing jyarkctable at better prices. Gettii'g lodged trees to come down : i.N always hard, dangeroos business. : We have learned that by chopping a j g«od-si7.ed piece out of the tree to be j felled, in the direction we wish the t tree to lie, and then .s.iwing on the op- I posite side with a cr')3s-cut saw', wc can throw the tiee about where wo want it. .A. wedge "driven in'.i. the I saw-cast back of the <hw will hasten : »nd help matters.