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HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS. em* Articles r Menseheld sue Which Were Used Naai/ Cealvrles ace. Combs are found in tbe earliest known graves. Broom* were used in Egypt -JOtM) year* before Christ. Button* were used in Troy. Sohliemann found over 1800 of gold. Needle* antedate history. They were fint made in America in 1(140. Lamps were. used before written history. Thousands of ancient lamps have been found. Curtains wen employed for bedsteads in tbe eleventh century: tkey were aftewarda transferred to windows. Tea pots wen the invention of either the Indian* or the Chinese, and are of uncertain antiquity. They came to Kurope with tea in 1610. Dishes of gold &nd silver used in table service in 900 B. I '. were found at Troy by Dr. Schliemann. One ef these was about the six* now employed. Outer blind* for window* were unknown until the fourteenth century. Tte Vene- tian or interior blind* are so called because they were first used in Venice. Pepper casters were used by the Athen- ian*, pepper being a common condiment. They were placed on the table with the salt in England in the sixteenth century. The tirst patent fora aewingmiehme wa* issued in England in 1790. This early invention wa* not auccesaful, and other patents were issued m 1004, 1818 aad scores of times since. Hocking era lie* for babies wire used by the Egyptians many centuries before Cnriat. Among the pictures copied by Uelzoni is one of an Egyptian mother at work with her foot on the cradle. Tumblers of nearly the aame shape and dimensions a* those employed to-day have been found in great number* in Pompeii. They were of gold, *il.er, glass, agate, marble and other semi. precious atone. Mosaic Soon, laid with small pieces of different colored atones set in regular pat- tern*, were known to the Egyptians '2.100 B. C. In Babylon floors of this kind dated from 1100 B. C. They were corr mon in the Athenian and Roman house*. Lucifer matches were patented in 1S34, while friction matches preceded them by thirteen yean. The improved machinery by which matches ars now Bade by the million at a trifling coat were the inven- tion* of comparatively recent yean. Coffee pots are an Oriental invention, and are supposed to have come from Arab* in A. D. 1400. About the same r.ime they wen used in Penia, but they did not come to France until 16tt'J, and make their appear- ,nce in England with cottee in 1850. Rocking chain of the styles prevailing nowadaya are believed to havi been in- vented in the present century. They are mentioned by Venerable Bde. The women now an so luxurious that they do have chain with wooden circle* on the legs and which swy back and forth in such sort that it rnakith one lick to behold them." Cna rs were in use in Egypt aa long ago as 3300 B. C. The Chinese employed them from about 1300 B. C. In India they were used, and are mentioned as dating from 1 100 B. C. House chairs with backs wen n use in India A. D. 300. Then \ie known to have been employed in Rome as early as A. I). 70, being mentioned by Pliny at that date. Chain with toot-rest* were used in Rome A. D. ISO. Goblets with stem and stand ,like those we use to-day wen employed in Troy 900 B. C. Among the valuable objects found by Dr. Schliemann wa* a golden goblet. Vessels of this metal were commonly em- ployed in the service of the temple*. A carious goblet with three item* has been found at Pompeii. Its use u conjectural. bat the supposition i* that it was need to pour libation* to the gods. Saltcellars fint came into use in mediae- val times: there was only one on the table, and it held from two or three quart*. The salt was placed about the middle of the table's length. At the upper end sat tu* lord of the castle or palace aca his inti- mates, and the saltcellar marked the dividing line between the associates of the nobleman and his dependent*, so that to "sit below the salt" meant social inferior- ity Among the Arab* a practice from time immemorial ha* prevailed ot 'burning by placing the milk in leather akin* which were shaken or b-aten until the butter came. The Huns did their churning by tying a bag of milk to a short lariat, the other end of which was fastened to the saddle. The horse waa put at a brisk gallop, and after a round of ome mile* the churning was cou*id*red to be accomplish- ed. Smoothing irons were Brat used in France, and are *uppo*ed to have bten a French invention, being introduced in the ixteenth century. After the introduction of itarch, linen* were rirat mad* smooth by preasure, being itarched and placed between two board*. This being found not to give the best results, reaort wa* next had to preaaurfl with a cold flatiron and finally the iron wa* heated to impart the polish now considered indispensable. Tongs were said to have been invented in China, B. C. 1122, but representation* of them have been found on the Egyptian monument*, B. C. 3200. In India they are claimed a* in use siiuu K. (.'. 900, and their principal employment in that coun- try, where fires during the most of the year are superfluous, WAS to facilitate the handling of dead bodied in the funeral pyrf, Seventy pair* of tonga, some bronze, ome iron, have been taken from the ruin* of Pompeii. Individual plate* for table use were un- known to the ancient*, who held their meat in their hand* or employed the flat wheateu cakea then made on which to hold their victuals. They are first mentioued in A. l>. 600, aa uned by the luxurious on the Continent, and in the ninth century they had come into common uc both in England and on the Continent. They were made of wood or some kind of earthen- ware, the former material being preferred became it did not dull the knives. The cup* of the Assyrians closely resem- ble our saucer*. Every uoUleman a.l Ren- tieman had his own cup and cup U-arcr, the latter of whom al way* accompanied him to a feast., carrying before him the cup of gold, silver, crystal or marble, which his master only used on state occasion*. Saucer* for cup* were introduced in the latter partot the eighteenth century, and at fir*t were greatly ridiculed, the peisoua who employed them being said not to be able to drink without having two cup*. Stoves an thought to have been used by the Romans. They were ot brick, closely resembling the Dutch earthenware stoves, which give forth heat but conceal the fire. Antiquarian* lay that Roman rooms- were sometime* heated by building a fire in a large iron or earthenware lube in the mid- dle of a room. Modern s loves wen pat- ented in 1821, *nd since that date over 1,000 patent* have been taken out on different vanities of itovea ami ranges in America, ana an almost equal number have been issued in Great Britain. DISASTERS IN THE TRANSATLAN- TIC. aceMeau In Which aired* er Persian Nave rrrtalMd al tea. There have beep a number of accidents similar to that which ha* befallen the Elbe u well as other* of different nature in which the Ion of life has been appalling. In the early day* of steam traffic across the Atlantic these mishape wan comparatively few, but as tonnage and ipeed increased the fatalities grew in proportion. In 1S54 the City of (Haagow tailed for New York with 480 passengers and crew aboard, and wa* never heard from again. In the sam* year the Arctic, one ot the fineat vessel* of that day, was sunk in colli- sion with the steamship Vesta in a fog off Cape Race. Five hundnd and sixty-two persons peruhe i. In IH.Vi the Pacific, with 186 souls abroad, aai'ed. and waa never heard from again. Between 1857 aad 1864 the Allan line loat nine i teams hips and in 1858 the Hamburg American lin-r Austria wa* burned at**a,and 471 live* were lost. In 1870 the City of Boston sailed from port with .15 passenger*, and was never lighted again. The White Star steam- ship Atlantic ran asbon near Samhro in 1 ST.'i, and 500 lives were lost. Some were drowned and othen were fro/en to death. The steamship Schiller was also sunk on the Scilly Rooki.and '2OO persona wen lost. Near the same place that the Elbe foundered the North German Lloyd liner DeutschUnd ran ashore and 157 lives were loat. The Hamburg- American iteamsnip Pommerania about the same time wa* in collision and 555 person! loit their lives. The Ci mbria, of the same line, wa* *unk in the aame way and eighty-four persons wen loat. In another collision a lit'.le later the French line ateamahip Ville de Paria wa* lost and 230 passengers aad seamen were drowned. Sine* 1879 the greatest disaslen were these : The burning of the Egypt, of the National line, and thi City of Montreal, of the Inman line, both without Iocs of life ; the stranding of the State of Virginia ; the State of Flordia, sunk in collision with a sailing ship ; the National liner Erin disap- peared ; the linking of the Cnnarder Ore- gon by a coal schooner off Sandy Hook ; thi disappearance of the Naronic and tbe sinking of the wanhip Victoria by Camper- down in which more than four nundnd penon* perished. A Samson Among: Birds. Very interesting facts about thoie ex- traordinary birds, tbe penguins, were learned during the British Antarctic Ex- pedition of 1892-3. The largeit, a* well as the rarest of the penguins, u the emperor penguin, fint seen by Captain Cook. These bird* sometime* weigh aa much a* seventy-five or eighty pounds, and the muscles covering their breaits contribute men than one-third of their entire weight. A very large specimen was captured and taken on board ship during the expedition juat referred to. Standing erect, in the sheen of its plumage, it aeemed clothed with gold aad purple, and white and black. Presently it gave an sxhibition of its extraordinary strength. One blow of its flipper like fon limb sent an impertinent dog howling off to nurse hii head. Five men were required to secure the penguin, and they succeeded only with great diffi- culty, one holding to each leg, one to each flipper, and one grasging the neck. After being strongly bound, the muscular bird succeeded in breaking loose. Another indication of the immense strength of the fon limbs, or flippers, of the penguin i* the fact that, with their aid, the bird* an able to leap perpendicularly out of the water to a height of three feet or more, lauding upright on a onke of ice. They approach oloan to the edge of the ioe before making the leap, and jump directly upward. SAFETY OF STEAMSHIPS AT SEA. Why MeMt er Ike KIR Disaster* te Ocean Liners Hxpp. n la fthere. A peculiarity of all gnat disaster* that have occurred to transatlantic liner* is that almost every one hai been close in ihcre. Thia ia tor the reason that most of them have beiu due to either collision or stranding. In mid-ocean the transatlantic traak is divided into two lanes, one to the eaat the other tn the weet. The two lane* are in mid-ocean, aHout fifty miles aptrt, and there have been few instances when liner* wandered away from them. The last occasion was when the officen of the American line steamship New York, bound west, alleged last summer that they had sighted the Cunard stuamehip lania, bound east, in mid-ocean. The position of the New York at that time showed that she was iu Uieruht lane, and that the Cunard steamships wa* nearly fifty mile* oil her course. The Cunard people, in defense, said, that the ISuw York's umV-r* were trying to detract from the performance* of the Lucania. There is no law, however, to compel teamships tn travel in these lanes, hut aa a measure of common safety con- scientious captains invariably follow these courses marked upon their charts. SURPRISE FOR TARANTULA TOM. A Wmirra Terror Tmperarllr ikied iy Bteetrlellv aid a aVallst. It may be a matter of surprise to the reader that cow boy i aver have ',he tooth- ache. But it i* a fact that they do, and I am determined, says a writer, to let the poor, maligned, gentle, kindhearted child of the cattle ranch right before the world. Hi* actuating motivea in life have not been understood. When Be come* rushing down tin street of a mining town on hi* broncho, with a wild yell, discharging hi* pistol at every head he seen and popping over a few miserable heathen Chinese, he is no cruel, hard-hearted murderous desperado; he ha* only got the toothache.and the poor fellow, in all hi* generous nature, wants to ihare hii ache* and pain* with his fellow men. Even the dentist, that useful individual in tbe east, doesn't undsntand him, because he ahooti the very moment the forcepe start the roots of the tooth, and so the dear boy i* left to hi* fate. There ii one honor- able, bold, fearles* exception. One dentist has dared to pull a cowboy's tooth, and, in slang phrase, yanked it out before a crowd of admiring friends. It was a little disap- pointment that they couldn't attend the dentist's funeral, but altogether it, was an enjoyable affair, especially a* it wa* some thing new. The fact* are a* follows: One morning in Silver Ranch a wild yell was heard at the far end of the street, and the anxious inhabitant* who momentarily poked out their heads saw " Terranteler Tom" on his pony dashing up the street discharging a nvolver fiom each hand. The heads disappeared, and it was a de- serted street, with but one inhabitant. That temporary solid citizen wa* the afore- said " T. Tom. Kq." A sign itayed hi* w.ld flight. Upon that sign wa* the in- scription, " Dr. hopkina, surgeon dentist." When the reliable old citizens cautiously looked out and saw tne pony in front of the dentist's they Knew Tom had the toothache, and realized that there was fun ahead. Of course, they knew he'd only hoot the dentut, aud wind up with a friendly drink all around, so they gathered around the doonand window* of the tooth- pulling ihop to ice if Tom'a hand wa* just a* steady as ever. Tom opened the con- versation a* follow* : " Yon long-legged grasshopper, pull this tooth, and be quick a* lightning and gen- tle a* a zephyr." " All right. Sit kown in that chair and I'll ' yank it oat for you. " Tom leaned back in the chair, with a cocked revolver in each hand, and replied: " You jest git the droo oi> that tooth now, or I'll yank you." Dr. Hopkins had a chair fixed for just such customer*. H* had a heavy galvanic battery under the seat., which could throw a circuit heavy enough to paralyze Jumbo, and he ju*t quietly turned a knob on "Ter- ranteler Tom," and walked around and took the pistols out of bis hands. Tom wreathed as though h* were fastened to the - 1 -" ' -' Hi. eyes Points on Laundry Work. " There are women in Him world who seem to think that they are never really accomplishing anything unless they make hard work of it. They scorn all easy wayi, characterizing them aa 'alack- twisted' and 'ahirky,' and take to themaelvi* great credit for getting through an enormou* amount of hard work . " This remark wa* recently called forth by a wordy encounter between an experienced housekeeper and a woman to whom ahe had given a great deal of work. From the fint there had been an effort to make the labor a* light as possible, but it waa at last given up as a hopeless undertaking. "In all of my experience," said this lady, in narrating the circumstance*, " I never met with a woman so set and obsti- nate as the one I have just been employing. She has resolutely refused to have the clothe* put to soak, preferring what she call* 'elbow gmt-ae' to all manner of labor- saying appliance*. " Then she grumbled biut the work in one bnath and boaitvd of her ability to do it in another, until it became so wearisome that I gave her up m disgust. During my | residence abroad 1 got some points iu laun- dry work that were worthy of adoption, and othen I have worked out tor myeolf. "It u the greatest saving of tune and trength to use a small table or flat board and a (oft *crubbing bruih. " I can take an ordinary garment with collar and sleeves badly soilad and cleanse it by this prcceae in one-third of the time I and with infinitely less hard woik than the | average laundress. I make a mixture of soap and keroiene oil and let it stand over I night, or prepare it and keep it in a stop- pered jug or bottle. With a *oft bruih rub the col'ars and oulfs and all of the soiled place*, theu roll the garment up for a few minute* while the other* are bmg done. When all are prepared, begin with the fint and rinae and brush the surface with hot oapsuds. In nine cases out of ten the garment will need no further rubbing. I do not approve of clothes being merely scalded. They need not be tailed tor any length of time, but should have about one to three minute* in actually boiling suds. Thi* dissolves any gummy substances that may not rub out of the fibres, and make* the clothe* more clean and certainly more healthful. Clothe* soaked over night m warm *ud* made with the soap and kero* sense mixture will wash easier aud look belter, to say nothing of wearing much longer, than those launJred in the ordinary way." Kerosene In Washing. An exchange give* the following a* an eaay way of washing without a washing machine by the use of karoiene : Directly after breakfast the boiler it put over the ilove with one pail of wrter, hall a cake of hard soap shaved fine, aud two tableipoonfuli of kerosene. Let thil come " to a boll and add two or three pailfuli of i water as may be required and put in the cleaned clothe* dry ; let them come to a Toronto, Ontario. As Well_as Ever After Taking Hood's Sarsaparilla Cured of a Serious Disease. "I was suffering f 01:1 v.im is known as Bfight'i disease for fiva year ,mil for days at line I have been unaMa tu straighten myself up. I was In bed for Uireo works ; during that time I had leeches applied ;iml derived no bene- fit. NecliiK Hood's Sarsaparilli advertised IB the papers I decided to try a bottle. I fount HOOD'S Sarsapanlla CURES relief before I had finished taking half ol a IM*. tie. I got so irucu !i,- ;. :. u::i taUiig the first aottle that I -'ecine 1 t > <:y mmtlier. and since) jklnB the iminu : ,,ulf r feel a* well as ever \ dldinmyUIe." (ino. MKBJIETT. Toronto, uiu. -lood's Pills ire prompt and efficient, ye? asyuf action, y Ul liy -lldnygisu. ae. alternate slice, on which sprinkle a little mustard and cress, cover with another alia* of bread and butler, then trim and cut into sandwiches. Arrange them on a des- sert paper, and garniah with tuft* of must- ard ami cress. The lax for the sandwicnes is prepared m the following way . Drain the oil from half a tin of lax, pound it in s> mortar with a dessert-spoonful ot oapen, the yolk of a hard-boiled egg and an ouuue of butter, season with a pinch of centime pepper, and rub it thiough a hair sieve. no sound escaped hii lips, it wa* some- thing new to Tom. H* didn't understand it; he had never beard of a galvanic bat- tery and he thought he waa going to die. Quickly the dentist pulled the tooth, took tbe remaining cartridge* oat of Tom'i revolver!, and then, gradua'ly letting up on the battery, he said cheerfully : " Tootn i* out, ur; $5, plea**." " What in all the tarnel grizzlies and wild cats wa* the matt-r with me while you waa pulling that tooth." "Oh, your nerve* just nave way a little. That* tbe way with most everybody when they get in a dentist's chair.". Tom was so ashamed to think h a nerve* gave way that he paid the denlict, invited all hand* to drink and rode oif a* gentle as a lamb, thinking for the fint time in his life that he had mistaken his vocation and ought to enter tbe ministry. BRONZES OF OLD BABYLOM. "pr.im.ii-. er Metal Werk Made Their *aad ef Tear* Asre. There have been placed on exhibition in he Babylonian room of the British Museum some very tine apecimens of Babylonian bronze casting*, says tbe London Oraphic These intereati ng specimens of early metal work come from a place known to the ancient! as Sir-pur-ra, or Lagaih, the mod- ern name of which is Tall- lo, a large mound or site in southern Chaldea. One of the bronze* shows the King of Babylonia, who appears clean (haven, in the dress of tbe high priest. The garment reaches down to the feet, and i* raised over the left houider, leaving the right arm, which is r.ised. bare. The statuette is a lull length one, standing on it* own double plinth, and i* some twelve inuhes high. Thi* bronze come* from Abu Haubab and dates aliou B. ('. '2200. A second statuette represents a king in the attitude cf adoration or con- templation, having hia hand* raiaed anJ clasped together in a similar manner a* the god Nebo is represented. The king wear* a long, flowing lie. ml, but no costume can tietrtced. This figure id not full leugtn, being cut off above the calves, aud repres- ents probably the Chal.lean king, (iudea, Ii. ('. '2900. The third figure, which stand* seven inches high, represents Camil-Sin. King of rabylonia, in th character of u basket bearer, both urmt lieing uplifted and supporting a basket bnrneon the head. The <<lu of tne, figure is about B. C. .i'-'nu. U is supposed rhtl these statuettes may have beuu dedications to N'uigirsu, the tire god, whole worship s a particular cult at 'lell-lo. The ar. of making bronze cast* wai known to the Babylonians from ery early times, uml in my examples are to bo een iu the British Museum, us well its in the Louvre. A plaster oaatof a biiiylonian nieen, i alien from the original in the Louvre, stands by the side of the nuw additions, casts of which have been sent to the French museum. Wise Ancients. Traveler The house* in some of the ,u . i.'in cMtics i.i I walls ten leet thick. Mr. Brickrow (enviously) I prca imr 10 Tie of the m-icbbors wiw ntus:cai. ulea. Take them out and put in the towel , and other things and leave them in the same way. Pour enough wattr over the clothes in the tub to oool them sufficiently to enable one to wring them out of the amis, and pit: them at once in the rinsing water which ha* been bluml and made ready for them. After standing a short time, the cloth*! may be wrung out and are ready for the line. Nothing need be rubbed union a collar or wrist band may be the better for it. Some very particular persona put tbe clothe* in a tub before riming and pour boiling water over them, letting them stand iu it until cool enough to handle before wringing tnem out to be rinsed. Colored clothe* are washed out of the suds, after the white one* have been dia- posed of. In using kerosene, tha only (kill nquind is lo use the right amount of it, a taulespoonful to a pail ol water being about the right quantity, an ,| a little practice soon leaohea one how to manage. Putting the clothes in the boiler dry saves time and labor and answers every purpose. Recipes. Palestine Soup. Ingredients; : Three slice* of lean bacon o,- ham, half a bead of celery, one turnip, one onion, three ounces of butter, four pounds of artichokes, one pint of boiling milk (or half a pint of boil- ng cream), lalt and cayenne to taste, two 'ump* of sugar, two and a half quart* of white itock. Mode : Put the bacon and vegetable*, which should be cut into thin slices, into the itewpan with the butter ; braize these for half an hour, keeping them well stirnd ; w**h and pare the artichoke*, and after cutting them into thin dices, add them with a pint of stock, to the other ingredient*. When these have gently tewed down to a smooth pulp, [, MI the remainder ol the (Cock, stir it well, adding tbe seasoning, and when it has simmered for fivo minutes pass it through a strainer. N'iw pour it back into the stewpan, let it itgiiin simmer tivn minutua, taking care to akim it well, and si ir it to the boiling milk or cream. Serve wiih amall sippets of bread fried in butter. Time, ont hour. iNtndwiche*. Cut alici>a of brown bread, anil spread them with Montpellier hutter, which is made in thia way Blanch a handful of parsley with a sprig each of thyme, tarragon, and chervil, press the moisture from tnem in a cloth, ami pound the herbs iu a mortar, with a tablespoWul of capers, a boned anohovy, the yolks of two hard noised s 'gs, ind -' o/. of butter, season wit 'i ""h of cayenne pepper and ''*' drops o: chill and tarntgfin vin- ..J-HI : wneii it is thoroughly amalgamated, rul) i no bul.ter through a hair sieve. Hav- ing spread the slious, cover one with a layer ot skinned ami boned sardines, cover with another slice in the usual way, trim and cu: mto HMiilwifhi-B. Aintnge i hem tivtB- fully on plates, and gainish with sprigs of watercress. I liesu lax uand wiciie* aru u dis'ni. mr'e'.ty : Culshces of white bread from a 'hm limf, spread them lightly vt ; h . hutter, pnl a lyer of prejMre I lax on c tc'i Profits of London Tramways. At the half-yearly mealing of tbe London- Tramway* Company (Limited) on Monday, Mr. David P. Sallar, who pneided, laid that the statement of accounts wa* the beat that the Uirecton had ever been able to about. The profit for the half year had been .'!'.! -'51, gained not so much by tin* weather as by economy in running. They bad got their expenses down to under vl per mile, while the North Metropolitan Company'* expense* were Kid a mile. T.ie North Metropolitan Company showed a profit of iT)ii,37, but, if their system hadr been worsed at Sd per mile, their profit would have been 9-2,OOD. The London Tramways Company carried 44,iMMi,uno passenger* in the half year on their twenty mile* of line, a* compared with .'<9,(XMI,UUU- in the corresDuniling period of 1893. At the half-yearly meeting ot the North Metropolitan Tramwaya Company. OD Tuesday, Mr. l>. Kiohardaon, who pmided said that the company's traffic receipts had amounted to '236,195, or an increase of 10, OU) over tho*e ot tha corresponding period of the previou* year. Their eipesnee per mile ran amounted to Hfd. He believed] they paid their men tbe He*t rate of wagee of any tramway in the United Kingdom, and they received good service in return. They had forty -nine miles of tramway* ami ran an average of 34'J car*. A dividend at the rate of H per oenU per annum, less in- come tax, was declared. No Excuse. A Prussian prioceu, having married the Duke of York, of oonne not the present duke, resided in England, where she attracted much attention on account of her original way of doing thing*. Once, to commemorate the duke's birth- day, she gave a ball at hi* country home, and invited his London tradesmen to come to it, sanding them two guinea* apiece to pay carriage hire. A company of strolling acton begged the duchess to be present at their performance in a barn. She attended and carried all ber servants, who were Gernun*. The next day an itinerant Met.hodiitwae to preach a charity sermon in the same barn. Shn was naked to attend, and oon- mtntod. Her servants, on receiving order* to be precent, excused themselves on the ground of not understanding Knglisn "Oh," replied the duche**, "but you went to the comedy, and you shall go to i he sermon !" A Possible Candidate. Mis* Antique My dmr, the alarming spread of imurobic 'iiseanes has resulted in the starting of an Auti-kiMiug Club. Will you permit me to pr i|io*e you a* a mem- ber. Miss Ycuiigthinff Re ; ly, I I have no : i;ii" for ulubti ; but perliapv grandma will join. FOE TWENTY FIVE YEARS DUNN'S BAKING POWDER THECOOK'SBEST FRIEND