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c warm weather equals lots of bugs common sense and bug knowhow help ease the tradition of summer the warm weather is upon us which means one thing mosqui toes and black flies are now emerging for their annual feast upon the flesh of canadians this bloodthirsty wel- coming committee has c always been a part of sum- pu mer said dr gord sur- geoner a guelph universi- ty entomologist and one of canadas leading mosquito authorities mosquitoes were one of the coun trys earliest settlers and are as cana dian as hockey and maple syrup some scientists say canadas mos quitoes and black flies are the fiercest biting insects on the planet early travellers in canada were plagued by them and many wrote about being driven to total distraction by these biting swarms in 1785 one canadian explorer wrote a sailor finding swearing of ho use tried what tar could do and cov ered his face with it but the muske- toes stuck to it in such numbers as to blind him even the hearty voyageurs the toughest characters of the time were not immune and were often reduced to nearhysteria today we dont need to resort to such remedies use repellent with deet mosquitoes and black flies are attracted mainly by carbon dioxide or infrared radiation two things we all emit the most effective bug repellents are the ones with the active ingredient deet the only substance recom mended by health canadas health protection branch and the world health organization repellents are designated with a pcp number which is the consumers assurance that the repellent meets or exceeds stipulated repellency and safety standards dr surgeoner said the length of time a repellent remains effective varies with the level of active ingredi ents thoroughness of application and the type of outdoor activity to get the most out of your repel lent apply a light even coating to any exposed skin as areas left untreated even as small as a dime continues to be susceptible to bites bug facts canadian mosquitoes are consid ered among the most aggressive of the worlds estimated 3000 species there are 1200 species of black flies worldwide ten percent of black flies are found commonly in canada but armed with a simple game plan based on common sense and insect knowhow you can have the winning edge in this ageold contest mosquitoes breed in standing water any container that creates even small stagnant pools of water can make your backyard a haven for mosquitoes mosquitoes live fast and die hard the average life span of a mos quito is two weeks but some females live up to five months or more throughout its lifetime a mosquito can bite up to five times and she will lay up to 200 eggs after each bite male mosquitoes are the first to hatch but never bite f when a mosquito bites saliva is injected into the victim to help extract the blood this is what causes the itch ing sensation a female mosquito will suck out about fivemillionths of a litre of blood per bite a mosqui to may fly as far as 500 km over its lifetime and can travel at a speed estimated at more than two km per hour the annoying whine is the wings flut tering up to 600 times a second mosquito activity peaks at dawn and dusk due to higher humidity less sunlight and a drop in wind t only female black flies bite actually they use their sawlike teeth to scrape the skin surface and then lick the blood from the wound the males concentrate on buzzing about and making a nuisance of themselves black fly populations tend to peak in late may and early june in more northern areas of cana da the season can extend into late october or the first pro longed frost black flies only bite in the early morning and late afternoon and on warm overcast days black flies cant bite through blue jeans but can find the tiniest openings and bite unprotected skin black flies rarely bite while indoors black flies prefer cool fast running streams as breeding and hatching habitats they lay up to 500 eggs at a time and are known to fly up to 170 kilometres from their origi 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